Module 6_U1_重点词汇讲解

1、U1 重点词汇讲解1. There are a variety of different styles of stand-up comedy.单口喜剧很很多种。Varietyn. 多种样式；多变性 常用结构： a variety of / varieties of 多种多样的，种类繁多的， 相当于形容词various1) There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有种类繁多的图案可供选择。2) This tool can be used in a variety of ways. 这种工具有多种用途。3) She took the

2、job for various reasons. 她由于种种原因接受了这份工作。2. Some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily life.有些喜剧演员拿人们的行为方式或是日常生活开玩笑。behavev. 表现 一般与副词或介词连用1) The doctor behaved very unprofessionally. 那位医生的做法违反职业道德。2) He behaved like a true gentleman. 他的行为像个真正的绅士。【相关拓展】behave (oneself) 表现得体；有

3、礼貌3) I want you to behave yourself while I am away. 我不在家的时候你们要乖乖的。4) She doesnt know how to behave in public. 她在公共场合举止无措。adv.-behaved 表现得的 如: well-behaved, badly-behaved5) The badly-behaved children are really a headache to me. 那些表现得不好的孩子对我来说真头疼。behavior n. 行为，举止3. The last kind of comedian does imp

4、ressionshe or she will act or speak like a well-known person in order to make fun of that person. 最后一类会进行印象模仿演员会模仿一个名人来表演或说话以取笑那个名人。make fun of 开的玩笑，嘲笑 意思相当于laugh at 1) Dont make fun of people with disabilities. 不要嘲笑残疾人。【相关拓展】注意fun 是不可数名词，与fun有关的短语或句型有：have fun =have a good time 玩得开心It is fun to do

5、sth. 做某事有趣2) What fun it is to do sth！ 做某事多有趣啊！3) What fun it is to walk in the snow! 在雪中散步真是有意思！4. People around the world enjoy watching him when he hosts the Academy Awards.全世界的人们都喜欢看他主持奥斯卡颁奖庆典。award (1) n. 奖；奖品；奖金；奖状1) He won an award for his good performance. 他因表演得好而获奖。2) People like to attend

6、the award ceremony hosted by him. 人们喜欢参加他主持的颁奖仪式。(2) v. 授予；奖励3) He was awarded the first prize. 他获得了一等奖。4) The gold medal was awarded to Mr. Brown for his excellent performance. 布朗先生因其优异的表现而获得了金牌。 【辨析】 award / prize/ reward(1) award 意为“奖，奖品”， 指对于优异成绩或卓越贡献经过评定后正式授予的奖励，可以是精神的，也可以是物质的，常用于奖项名称。(2) prize

7、意为“奖赏，奖品”，多指确认某人在竞赛中获得的优异成绩并给予特殊的奖励。(3) reward意为“报答，酬劳”，并不指某种荣誉，而指应得的报酬；也可以做动词表示“给人以报酬、奖赏”。1) He was nominated for the best actor award. 他获得最佳男演员奖提名。2) He won first prize in the English Speech Competition. 他在英语演讲比赛中获一等奖。3) He was rewarded for finding the lost dog. 他因找到那只丢失的狗而获得报酬。4) Winning the matc

8、h was just reward for the effort the team had made.赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。5. Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast live on TV. 每次，当节目在电视上现场直播时他都是在上百万人面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。live （1）adv. 现场地；直播地1) With all the news broadcast live, the pressure on the

9、 announcers is becoming heavier.随着新闻的直播，播音员的压力变得更大了。（2）adj. 现场的，直播的；有生命的，活的 2) We are watching the live coverage of the Olympics. 我们正在观看奥运会实况报道。 3) She was frightened at the sight of a live snake. 看到一条活蛇她吓坏了。 注意：live 做“活着的”讲时，作定语要前置，一般不指人。【辨析】live/ alive/ living/ lively live adj. “活着的”（与dead想对应）， 只能

10、做定语（指动物），另外还有“现场直播的”意思（反义词recorded “录制的，转播的”）alive adj. “活着的，健在的”，做表语；作定语需后置（一般用于人，有时也用于动物） living adj. “活着的；有生命的”。既可以作定语，也可以作表语。“生物”只能译作living things lively adj. 生动的，活泼的 4) They are carrying out an experiment with a live monkey. 他们正在用一只活的猴子做实验。 5) It was a live broadcast, not a recording. 这是现场直播而非转

11、播。 6) Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今活着的最伟大的人？6. One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is very quick thinking, and often is able to come up with new jokes about the people and things around him. 克里斯托如此有名的一个原因是他思维敏捷，他经常能够想出关于周围的人或事的新笑话来。 come up with 想出；拿出 1) She came up with a new i

12、dea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售的新主意。 2) How soon can you come up with the money? 你什么时候能拿出这笔钱？ 【相关拓展】 come up 发芽；（太阳）升起； 被提及，被讨论 come out （太阳，星星或月亮）出现，露出；开花；出版，发行 come to 合计，总计 come across （偶然）遇见，发现 1) The bill came to $30. 账单金额总计为30元。 2) She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现

13、了一些旧照片。 3) When is his new novel coming out? 他的新小说什么时候出版？ 4) The subject came up in conversation. 谈话中提到了这个话题。7. Crystals popularity with all age groups and his ability to amuse people all over the world prove that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone. 克里斯托在各个年龄段人群之间的受欢迎程度和他愉悦全世界人们的能力证明人人都可能喜欢单口喜剧。amu

14、se vt. 使愉快，使高兴1) He came up with a good idea to amuse the kids. 他想出了一个好主意来逗孩子开心。【相关拓展】（1） amused adj. 觉得好笑的（2） amusing adj. 逗人笑的，有趣的（3） amusement n. 可笑，愉悦，娱乐to ones amusement =to the amusement of sb 令某人高兴的，好笑的是 2) We are amused at his amusing stories. 我们都被他有趣的故事逗乐了。 3) To my amusement, he couldnt ge

15、t the door open. 使我感到好笑的是，他竟然打不开门。8. It helps those who cannot work out become fit. 它能帮助那些不能运动的人变得健康。work out 锻炼身体；成功地发展；计算出；制定（计划）；处理，解决1) I work out regularly to keep fit. 我定期锻炼以保持健康。2) It is not so easy to work out the problem. 要解决那个问题不是那么容易的。3) My first job didnt work out. 我的第一份工作干得不好。4) Now tha

16、t you have worked out a plan, you have to carry it out. 既然你制定了计划，你就得执行它。9. This is because laughter strengthens the heart and the lungs.strengthen vt. 加强 反义词 weaken vt. 减弱【注意】此类词由名词或形容词+后缀en 构成，均为及物动词。如：frighten(使恐惧), lengthen(加长), widen(加宽), sharpen(削尖，使锋利) 等。此外，en也可以作为前缀，加在一些名词或形容词之前，同样也构成及物动词。如：e

17、nrich(丰富), enlarge(扩大), encourage(鼓励), ensure(确信), endager(危及)等。1) After-class activities really enrich our school life. 课外活动真的丰富了我们的学校生活。2) To learn English well, we have to enlarge our vocabulary. 为了学好英语，我们必须扩大词汇量。3) When I came into the room, my 5-year-old daughter was struggling with a knife to

18、sharpen her pencil. 我进屋的时候，我5岁的女儿正费劲地用小刀削铅笔呢。10. As you laugh, the muscles participating in the laugh become active. 在你笑的时候，参与笑的肌肉会变得活跃。participate vi. 参加，参与participate in 参加，参与 近义词 take part in1) She didnt participate in the discussion. 她没有参加讨论。2) We want to encourage students participate fully in

19、the running of the college.我们想鼓励学生完全参与学院的管理工作【相关拓展】participant n. 参加的人，参与者participation n. 参加，参与3) A back injury prevented active participation in any sports for a while.腰伤曾一度妨碍积极参加任何体育运动。11. In an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students. 在一次采访中，他告诉我们说他随时都乐于接收外国

20、学生。take on 接收，接受 雇佣 呈现 承担，决定做1) I cant take on any extra work. 我不能承担任何额外的工作。2) After so many years, my hometown has taken on a new look. 这么多年之后，我的家乡呈现出一派新气象。3) He was taken on as a trainee. 他受聘当实习生。【相关拓展】take的其他短语take down 拆除；记下take in 吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗take off 脱下；起飞；成功take over 接管，接任take up 占据（时间、空间）；

21、开始处理，从事；学着做，开始做；接着讲4) Workmen arrived to take down the old houses. 工人前来拆除旧房子。5) Dont be taken in the advertisement. It doesnt tell the truth. 不要被这个广告骗了。这个广告不真实。6) Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相之后演唱事业迅速腾飞了。7) His son took over the family business after his death. 他死后他的儿子

22、接管了他的家族企业。8) He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责了。9) She took up the story where Tim had left off. 她继续讲蒂姆未讲完的故事。12. Of course. (moves over as if to make room) 当然。（挪过去，好像是要腾出空间）as if =as though 引导方式状语从句或表语从句1) We have missed the bus; it looks as if/ as though well have to walk. 我们错过了公共汽车，看来

23、我们得步行了。2) He glanced about as if he was in search of something. 他环顾四周就好像在寻找东西。【相关拓展】如果as if/ as though 表示当前不太真实、不大可能或有疑问的事情时，所引导的从句中应使用虚拟语气。谓语动词的形式要遵循以下原则：（1） 从句动作在时间上与主句动作同时进行，从句谓语动词用did/were（2） 从句动作在时间上比主句动作早，从句谓语动词用had done（3） 从句动作在时间上比主句动作晚，从句谓语动词用would/ could /might do3) He didnt attend the mee

24、ting, but he talked as if he knew everything. 他没出席会议，但他的说话的神情好像什么都知道一样。（实际上不知道）4) They met each other for the first time at the party, but they talked as if they had been old friends. 他们在晚会上刚认识，但他们交谈着好像已经是多年的朋友。13. Mike looks annoyed. 迈克看上去很生气。annoyed adj. 生气的， 恼怒的 多用于以下结构：be/get annoyed at/ about s

25、th. be/get annoyed with sb.1) The boss was annoyed with him because he was often for work this month.老板对他很恼火，因为他这个月上班经常迟到。2) My mum will surely be annoyed at my carelessness.妈妈肯定会对我的粗心生气的。【相关拓展】annoy vt. 使烦恼， 使生气annoying adj. 令人烦恼的， 恼人的14. No, you fool! (tears the paper in two) 不，你这个傻瓜！（报报纸撕成两半）tear

26、 vt. & vi.(tore, torn)撕扯；撕下 n. 眼泪；泪珠（常用复数tears）【相关词组】tear down 撕掉；拆毁tear into pieces 把撕成碎片tear in two=tear into halves 把撕成两半tear oneself/sb. from sth./sb. 挣开；拽开；揪走in tears 哭1) She was in tears over the death of her pet dog. 她因小狗的死去而哭泣。2) He just couldnt tear himself from the beautiful painting. 他被这幅

27、漂亮的油画深深地吸引了。（他无法把自己从这幅画前拽走） 3) A heated discussion is carried out in the city whether the old city wall should be torn down. 关于是否要拆毁古城墙的问题，市里展开了热烈的讨论。15. Servant burst in, next to Queen 仆人冲进来，在皇后旁边burst in 是不及物动词词组，其后不能带宾语，意为“突然闯入”。另外，burst in 还有“突然插嘴，插话”的意思。同意词组：break inburst into 是及物动词词组，后加宾语。同意词组

28、：break into 1) The police burst in and arrested the thief. 警察突然闯入，逮捕了那个小偷。2) Tom burst into the room and made us shocked. 汤姆突然闯入房间，我们都很吃惊。3) He longed to break in on their conversation but didnt want to appear rude. 他很想打断他们的谈话，但又不想显得很粗鲁。【相关拓展】burst out crying/ laughing/singing = burst into tears /la

29、ughter /songs 突然大哭/大笑/唱起来break into 也有类似的用法4) She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another while, which made us at a loss. 她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使得我们一头雾水。5) The audience burst into wild applause. 观众中突然响起了雷鸣般的掌声。6) I almost burst out laughing when I saw what she was wearing. 当

30、我见到她的穿着时我几乎忍不住大笑起来。16. He glared at Queen. 他瞪着王后。glare at (生气、愤怒地)瞪着1) He didnt shout. He just glared at me silently. 他没冲我吼，只是默默地怒视着我。【辨析】stare at/ glare at/ gaze atstare at 指目不转睛的注视，盯着看glare at 指怒目而视gaze at 指由于好奇、惊讶、喜悦或感兴趣而盯着看2) She gazed at him in amusement. 她惊异地注视着他。3) They didnt fight, but stood

31、 there glaring at one another. 他们没有打起来，只是站在那里互相怒视着。4) I stared blankly at the paper in front of me. 我茫然地看着面前的这张纸。17. Your Highness? (holds out a roll of toilet paper) 殿下？（拿出一卷手纸）hold out 拿出，伸出；坚持，维持1) He held out the keys and I took them. 他伸手把钥匙递过来，我接了。2) We can stay here for as long as our supplies

32、 hold out. 我们可以在这里一直坚持到我们的储备用完。3) How long can we hold out against these attacks?我们对这些攻击能抵抗多久？【相关拓展】与hold 相关的短语hold back 阻拦；隐瞒；抑制hold on (在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住； 别挂断，等一下hold on to 抓紧，不放开； 保留不卖或不送hold up 举起，支撑；延迟，阻塞4) She just managed to hold back her anger. 她勉强压住了自己的怒火。5) I think he held back some very impo

33、rtant information. 我认为他隐瞒了某些非常重要的信息。6) They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们勉强坚持到救援到来。7) You should hold on to your old house, which will get more valuable in the near future.不要把你的老房子卖了。很快它还会升值的。8) An accident is holding up traffic. 一场事故造成了交通阻塞。【相关练习】一、单词拼写 1. There are twenty teams p_ in t

34、he games. 2. Whether the action will s_ or weaken the relationship depends on how they will deal with this problem. 3. The kids were a_ by my funny drawings and began to laugh. 4. Mary isnt her daughter. Mary is her husbands daughter from a p_ marriage. 5. She p_ an important role in our organizatio

35、n at that time. 6. Everyone was a_ by the heavy traffic in the city. The roads were always crowded. 7. She t_ the letter into pieces and walked out quickly.8. As an s_ goes, “It is never too old to learn.”9. We offer free _(技术) support for those buying our software.10. We were surprised to find that

36、 the most naughty boy in our class _(表现) himself on the special occasion.11. Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now _(保证).12. I used to get _(取笑) about my name.二、选合适词填空make fun of have affection for take on tear down glare at hold out make sense be supposed to make room for dash ou

37、t look up lose weight follow in the footsteps of have effects on1. He was often _ at school, which deeply hurt him.2. According to the stage directions, you _ to stand here, not there.3. You dont have to _ every word you dont know. Just look at the words around it to see if the sentence _.4. He _ ot

38、her famous scientists and tried to make contributions to the important research.5. He removed the pile of newspaper to _ books he just bought.6. They _ each other and it seemed that a fight would soon happen.7. Laughter _ positive _ peoples health.8. He _ his hand to stop a taxi.9. The building is t

39、oo old to be safe, so it has to be _.10. The insect can _the colors of the background to protect itself.三、单项选择1. While the children were listening to their teachers joke, they were shouting_.A. in laughter B. with laughter C. in tears D. with laughters 2. I was really angry about his behavior. He acted as if nothing _. A. has happened B. had happened C. happened D. would happen 3. The police are offering a big _ for the information about that traffic accident. A price B. prize C. reward D award 4. _ it i