英语阅读理解解题策略（zhang）

1、英语专题,高考英语阅读理解解题策略,资中一中 张吉婧, 阅读的词汇量增加，越来越强调提高阅读速度 文章的生词量增多 选材面宽，贴近生活，保持原汁原味 深层理解及推理判断型题持续增加,一、 高考英语阅读理解特点,二、阅读理解规律方法：,分清文体 议论文：找主题句(文章的开头/中间/结尾) 说明文：说明什么道理/原理/事由 夹叙夹议文：通过叙述说明什么人生哲理 【小技巧】 1、选择概括性/哲理性的答案； 2、不选择细节性的信息； 3、选择与主题句意思最接近的选项。,三、阅读理解的答题步骤及注意事项,1、先看问题，再读文章 带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉

2、胳，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。 2、细读全文，认真推敲 针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些关键信息词，它们既是测试的重点，又是把握全文意思的突破口，因此，必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。 3、复读全文，验证答案 在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。,【注意事项】,1、所选有据，避免主观 阅读他人之作，理解他人之意，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点 和看

3、法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进了它的陷阱；若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题也必错无疑。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”。 2、符合原文的答案=正确答案最佳答案 阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。 3、解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法 要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善思，要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度。同时也要探索和总结适合自己的学习方法或技巧。实践出真知，多练出效益.,四类题型在20062011年四川卷中的分布情况,年度,数量,题

4、型,一 、主旨大意题,20062011年四川卷,75.What would be the best title for the text?（06四川） 70. Which of the following agrees with the writers idea?（07四川） 75. The writer provides two book lists to _.（07四川） 46. What would be the best title for the text?（08四川） 50. What is the main purpose of the text?（08四川） 60. What

5、does the author mainly discuss in the text?（09四川） 44. Which of the following can be the best title of this text?（10四川） 51. What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?（10四川） 54. According to the text, which can best describe the situation of the private problems?（10四川） 56. Whats the purpose of

6、this text?（11四川） 60. Where could be the last title for the text? （11四川）,【解题策略】 1抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨 2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想 3抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心,【典例】 2010四川 Candidates(申请人)will have experience of both management and research support/technical services. Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills

7、are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable. ()1.What does the paragraph mainly talk about? AThe technical skills of a would-be ROM. BThe practical experience of a would-be ROM. CThe personal information of a would-be ROM. DThe necessary requirements for a would-be ROM. 【解析】 D主旨大意题。依据

8、本段提供的信息，申请人要有管理和技术服务的经验、研究操作的知识及极好的交际技能等，可知本段主要谈对应聘职位者具体能力的要求。,在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。 1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。 2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。 3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。 例如：On the whole , in short, therefore I agree with the opinion that Given all these points above , I would support the idea

9、that For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer 归纳主题容易出现以下5种错误： 1以偏概全 2过于笼统 3把观点强加给作者。 4. 放大或缩小文章的主题 5. 偷换概念。,二、细节理解型,2011年四川卷,41. Why is there a smile on the authors face in the morning? 42. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2 ？ 44. What can we learn about the author fr

10、om the text? 46. Where can you put an advertisement to rent out a room during a big event? 47. If you want to use energy free, you have to_. 50.While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can_ 51. Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens? 53. According to the text, James March is _ . 5

11、4. According to James March, experience _ .,【解题策略】 1.掌握技巧，灵活运用 2.变通理解，间接转述找答案 3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案,是非题 例证题 年代与数字 比较 原因 事实排序题 直接信息题 间接信息题 综合信息题,九种常见细节理解题型,细节理解应注意的问题：,1）对应性 2）准确性 3）区分性,三、 词义猜测题,20062010年四川卷,56.The underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _.（06年） 64.The underlined word “downside” in pa

12、ragraph 5 probably means_.（06年） 69.The underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 6 means_.（06年） 74.The underlined expression “on the cutting edge” in paragraph 5 means “on the most_position”. （06年） 68. By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic “, the writer probably means the brain can be_.（0

13、7年） 73. The underlined phrase “with finality” probably means_（07年） 54. The underlined words “the loss” in the last paragraph refer to _.（08年） 45. What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean?（09年） 49. The underlined part “appear through smoke and mirrors” in the first paragraph

14、means “ _ ”.（09年） 42. The underlined word voice in the second paragraph most probably means “_”.（10年）,【解题策略】,根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 根据因果关系猜测词义 根据生活常识猜测词义 根据同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义 根据上下文的指代关系进行选择 根据构词法知识猜测词义（合成、派生、 转化）,在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还

15、要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。,注意,四、 推理判断题,2011年四川卷,44. What can we learn about the author from the text? 48. For whom the text most probably written? 49.The underline part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of_ 52. This text more probably from _ . 55. What can we learn from Paragraph 3

16、? 56. Whats the purpose of this text? 57. What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? 58. The underlined part “the laws of business physics”in Paragraph 3 means _. 59. What can we learn from the text?,【推理判断小技巧】,1. 不选择照抄原文的选项，选择有同义词 解释的选项。 2. 不选事实细节选项 3. 不选非事实选项 4. 选概括性/哲理性的选项,推

17、理判断题主要题型,一、如何推断隐含意义 二、如何推断作者观点 三、如何推断写作目的 四、如何推断文章出处 五、如何推断后续内容,一、如何推断隐含意义,推断隐含意义的提问方式 It can be inferred from the text that . According to, we can infer that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The

18、story implies that . We can infer conclude from the passage that,干扰项的设置特点,原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。 （考生易误选） 推理过度的片面结论。 与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。 符合考生已有常识，但文中没有信息支持。（考生易误选）,答题误区,容易误选直接用于表达信息的选项 容易误选表示片面结论的选项,We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at

19、a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum n

20、odded and said, “Very dirty floors.” “Yes, Im glad theyve finally decided to clean them,” the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, “But arent you working late?”,Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下)of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was ou

21、t of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book. After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you.” Outside, Mum told me, “Dagmar is fine

22、. No fever.” “You saw her, Mum?” “Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. Its a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush.”,When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do

23、 was _. to clean the floor to please the nurse C. to see a patient D. to surprise the story-teller,运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断,C,2. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? A. It is a childrens hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours. C. The conditions there arent v

24、ery good. D. The nurses and doctors there dont work hard.,运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断,B,3. Which of the following words best describes Mum? strange B. warm-hearted C. cleverD. hard-working,紧扣主题或话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱,C,注意文段中信息的科学性，运用已有的科学常识和学科知识进行推理判断,Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous tri

25、p and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive. Sam and Joe, however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous. “Were the best men for the job,” they said to the boss. “There may be problems, but we can find the answers.” “Theyre the last

26、people Id trust,” thought the boss. “But all the other astronauts have refused to go.” Once they were in space, Joe had to go outside to make some repairs. When the repairs were done, he tried to get back inside the spaceship. But the door was locked. He knocked but there was no answer. He knocked a

27、gain, louder this time, and again no answer came. Then he hit the door as hard as he could and finally a voice said, “Whos there?” “Its me! Who else could it be?” shouted Joe. Sam let him in all right but you can imagine that Joe never asked to go on a trip with Sam again!,1. The writer tells this s

28、tory to _. A. show the dangerous side of the astronauts life B. show the funny side of the astronauts life C. make people laugh D. make people think,4. 注意文段中信息的科学性，运用已有的科学常识和学科知识进行推理判断,C,如何推断隐含意义【解题策略】,1.运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断 2.运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断 3.紧扣主题或话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱 4. 注意文段中信息的科学性，运用已有的科学常识和

29、学科知识进行推理判断,二、如何推断作者观点,提问方式 The writers attitude toward is_. The writer thought that_. According to the author _.,干扰项的设置特点,是自己的某种看法或观点， 是社会的一种普遍种倾向， 是与本文无关的观点 与作者相反的观点或看法,答题误区 容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项,辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。 表示贬义：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment. 表示褒义: positi

30、ve, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring 表示中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, neutral,humor, disinterested,【解题策略】,实例分析（江西卷） Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too muc

31、h control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应). According to the author, which of the

32、 following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure. 【解题思路分析】答案选B。作者在文章中说Studies show that too much control can lea

33、d to high blood press, heart problems and other illnesses，即过多地忍住情感（如忍住不哭等）有可能会导致健康问题。这里虽然用了Studies show (研究表明)这样的字眼，但作者在此显然是为增加说服力而特意采用的一种表现手法，也就是说，研究所表明的结果就是作者的观点，故最佳答案为B。,三、如何推断写作目的,提问方式 (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 The writer writes this passage in order to _. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to

34、 _. What is the purpose of writing this article? In writing the passage, the author intends to _. (2) 考查某处细节的写作意图 The writer uses the example ofto show that _. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.,常见的写作目的,(1) to entertain

35、readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑） (2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点） (3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息 ）,【解题策略】,根据文体类别推断写作目的 to entertain readers-故事类 to persuade readers-广告类 to inform readers-科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类,【解题策略】,实例分析（广东卷） “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the

36、 water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about w

37、aves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them 【分析】作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题（to draw the readers attention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion），故选B。,(2) 从写用手法来推断写作目的,四、如何推断文章出处,【提问方式】 推断文章出处的设题形式有： The passage is most likely to be taken from_. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of_. 【解题策略】 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处： (1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。 (2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。 (3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数