定语从句专题练习

1、定语从句(The Attributive Clause)专题讲座一、疋义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句(请注意：是“修 饰”而不是“解释”)。二、有关概念：1. 先行词：在定语从句中，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。2. 引导词：引导一个定语从句的词叫引导词。例如：The story that you_ read isthe Rescue.先疔词引导词定语从句She looked at Jeff,先打词whowas wavi nq his arms.关系词黄系代词 一般情况下，定语从句要紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，但也时有例外。3. 引导词的分类：(1) 关系代词(that,

2、 which, who, whose, whom )(2) 关系副词(where, when, why)(3) 较为特殊的关系代词(as)4. 引导词的用法：广 that在从句中作主语或宾语，即可指人，亦可指物。which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物，或指整句。as在从句中作主语或宾语，即可指人，亦可指物还可指整句 who在从句中作主语，指人。j% whom在从句中作宾语，指人。-whose在从句中作定语，既可指人，也可指物 when指时间。&where指地点。*在从句中作状语。why指原因。注意：引导词在从句中充当什么样的句子成分这一点很重要，要时刻注意判断 三、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从

3、句:限定性定语从句与主句的关系非常密切，如果去掉就会使语义表达不明确甚至产生 歧义。书写时不用逗号分开。例如：Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his W 限定性定语从句）而非限定性定语从句只是对主句作一些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清 楚。书写时往往用逗号分开。例如：My glasses, which I bought last week, fell to the ground and b非限 定性定语从句）四、定语从句应注意的几个问题：一关系代词which和that是不是总是可以互换呢？答：当然不是，因为that可以指人，而which则不

4、可以，所以当妲用来指人时就不 可以用which来替换。二指物时，是不是that和which随便用哪一个都可以呢？答：一般情况下是这样的。但在以下四种情况下，只能用that,而不能用which1. 先行词是个不定代词时（诸如all, an ythi ng, someo ne, no th等g。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy today?2. 先行词被一个最高级形容词所修饰时。例如：Shanghai is the biggest city that I have ever been to.3. 先行词被一个序数词所修饰时。例如：This is t

5、he second bicycle that my parents bought for me.4. 先行词被 all, every no, some, anyttle, much, the on the verythe las等 词修饰时，只 能用that而不能用which.而在以下两种情况下，贝U只能用which,不能用that=1. 在非限定性定语从句中。例如：He has lost his bag, which he liked very much.2. 在介词后面。例如：This is the road on which we go to school every day三是不是先行

6、词是地点就用where而先行词是时间就用when呢？答：不是。关键是要看关系词在从句中作什么成分。例如：1. This is the house where Lu Xun lived in his childhoodiere（故什么成份？）2. This is the house that we visited last week.（that做什么成份？）在例句1中，因为“live”是一个不及物动词，而“关系词”在从句中指“生活”的 地点，作地点状语，故应用where引导。而在例句2中，因为“visit”是一个及物动词，而“关系词”在从句中作“参观”的 宾语，故应用that引导。四应该如何判断

7、什么时候该用who, whom,还是whose答：主要看关系词在从句中充当的成分。例如：1) This is Mr. Joh nsonthree childre n are all in the army now.2) I like Mr. Joh nsontaught us En glish whe n I was young.3) Illgo to visit Mr. Joh nsonwe met at the school gate last week.五、关系代词as的用法：as既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、介词宾语或主语补语，用法如下：1 .与 the samel用： Yo

8、u are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.2 与 such 连用：I n ever heard such stories as he told.3. 与 so连用：Here is so difficult a problem as none of us can solve.4. 与 as 连用：As many people as are prese nt have voted for the can didate.另附：as在限定性定语从句的作用有时也相当于关系副词。例如：Meet me at the same place as y

9、ou did yesterday六“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”(指代物用which指代人用whom)引导的定语从句中，判断是 否需要介词，应根据：(1)有先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要。The speed at which light travels is 300 000 km per se(soieie.d前一般用介词 at)The room in which there is a blackboard is their classroom.Fin ally they came to the house behind which there are some pe

10、ach trees.(2)这个介词可能是从句谓语的一部分，或动词所需要的搭配。Don tbri ng childre n to see the ani mals of which they are afraid. (be aWd定搭配) This is the job at which they laughbfaugh at 为固定搭配)(3 )表示所有关系或表示为整体的一部分时，常用of which.China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.七、应注意的其它问题：1. 关系代词在从句中充当宾语时往往可以省略。2

11、. way作先行词时，关系代词可以用that,也可以用in which,或者省略。We first broke the lawn a way whiclwas peaceful; when this was not allowed the n did we decide to an swer viole nee with viole nee which 在从句中作主语时例 外。）3. 注意关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与主句中的先行词保持一致。八、专题练习（请按各题所要求的步骤完成下列各题）一、用红颜色的笔迹画出定语从句；然后选择适当白引导词填空：1. He went to a frie

12、n knew a lot about English.2. I have looked up the words in the dictionary I borrowed from my teacher.3. He is the student parents are both workers in this factory4. This is the place I often leave my bike.5. Lao %ng would n ever forget the dayhe was beate n by the Japa nese soldiers.6. This is the

13、reason I am against your plan.7. There are rules help to make the roads safe.8. There are still many difficultieswe must overcome.9. He is the man we should learn from.10. Alice is the girl home is behind our school.11. The rooms doors are made of iron are used as our dormitories.12. This is all the

14、 teacher told us.13. Is there anything I can help?14. This is the sec ond question I want to ask.15. yesterday I bought a new coat, cost me more than one hundred yuan.16. Xiao Wang, with we went to the con cert, has lost his watch.17. I will never forget the day I went into the college.18. July 1 19

15、97 is a daythe Chin ese people will n ever forget.19. This is the building the policeman found the thief . s body20. This is the buildin was built for the old people.二. 用红颜色的笔迹画出定语从句；然后选择正确的答案1. The thing _ I want for my birthday is a new bicycle.A. whe n B. that C. what D. which2. He had to wash al

16、l these windows mosthadn t been cleaned for at least a year.A. those B. that C. for which D. of which3. Inthe dark street, there wasn t a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom4. I don t like _ you speak to your parents.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way w

17、hich D. the way of which5. Alice received an invitation from her boss,came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he6. The weather tur ned out to be very good,was more tha n we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it7. It rained hard yesterday preve nted me from going to the park.A. thatB. whic

18、hC. asD. it8. I have got into the same troublehe has.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it9. we know, smok ing is harmful to on es health.A. ThatB. WhichC. AsD. It10. is known, smok ing is harmful to on es health.A. ThatB. WhichC. AsD. It三、高考真题演练（注意：先用红笔画出定语从句，然后分析从句的成分）【2013 北匕京】27. Many coun tries are now set

19、t ing up n ati on al parka ni mals and pla nts canbe protected.A. whe nB. which C. whose D. where【2013福建】27. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of thoselivwere affected.A. whoseC. whoD. whichB. that【2013 湖南】21. Happ in ess and success ofte n come to thoseare good at recog ni z

20、irtheir own stre ngths.A. whomB. who C. what D. which【2013 江苏】32. The preside nt of the World Ba nk says he has a passion for China , he remembers start ing as early as his childhood.A. whereB. which C. whatD. whe n【2013江西】33. He wrote a letterhe explains what had happened in the accident.A. whatB.

21、whichC. whereD. how【2013辽宁】34. He may win the competition,he is likely to get into the national team.A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case【2013山东】31. There is no simple answer,is often the case in scienee.A. asB. thatC. whe nD. where【2013 山东】35. Fin ally he reached a Ion

22、ely isla ndwas completely cut off from theoutside world.A. whe nB. where C. whichD. whom【2013 陕西】16.is often the case with childre n, Amy was better by the time the doctorarrived.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As【2013四川】9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environmentthey liveA. what B. whichC. wh

23、e nD. where【2013天津】6. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in tody n ewspaper.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what【2013全国 II 卷】4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.A. whatB. whe nC. whereD. which【2013全国 I 卷】33.”You cajudge a book by its cover,A. as the s

24、ay ing goes oldB. goes as the old say ingC. as the old say ing goesD. goes as old the say ing【2013浙江】5. The children,had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom【2013浙江】13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewin

25、g platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. whatB. whereC. whe nD. why【2013重庆】24. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.A them B. thatC. whichD. whom【2013 安徽】29. Mo 站n was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, madeone of the Chin ese p

26、 s lchngd dreams come true.A. itB. thatC. whatD. which1（2014安徽卷）22. The exact yearAngela and her family spent together in China was2008.A. whe nB. whereC. whyD. which2（2014 山东 卷）10. A companyprofits from home marketsare decli ning may seekopport un ities abroad.A. which B. whose C. who D. why3（2014北

27、 京卷）26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,myclassmates recomme nded to me.A. whoB. which C. whe nD. where4（2014畐建卷）31. Stude nts should invo Ive themselves in com mun ity activitiesthey can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where5（2014湖南卷）31.1 am look ing forward to the daymy daughter can read this book andknow my feelings for her.A. as B. why C. when D. where6（2014江苏卷）22. Thebook hashelpe