精读3第5单元重要知识点

1、Unit 5Language Points1. take. for granted - regard sth as true or as certain to happen 认为 .是真的 ; 认为 .是理所当然的 ; 认为 .没问题eg: We took his co-operation for granted.Paraphrase the following, using this sentence pattern:1) Dont think he will certainly help you.(Dont take his help for granted.)2) He thinks t

2、hat everything is true.(He takes everything for granted.)3) I want myself not to think that everything is true.(I want myself not to take everything for granted.)4) My mother thought he would certainly come.(My mother took his coming for granted.)take it for granted that. 认为 .是理所当然的事eg: She took it

3、for granted that he would feel ashamed of his wrongdoings. Paraphrase the following:1) I thought she would certainly stay with us.(I took it for granted that she would stay with us.)2) We felt sure that he would study hard.(We took it for granted that he would study hard.)3) I think it is natural fo

4、r students to help one another.(I take it for granted that students help one another.)4) We think parents should give their children enough money to spend.(We take it for granted that parents will give their children enough money to spend.)2. grant grant (vt.)a) consent to give or allow (what is ask

5、ed for) 允许给予 ,同意给予 ,答应 (请求等 ) grant sb. sth. / grant sth to sb.eg: The general granted us permission to visit the military base.The government will grant land to anybody who is willing to farm it. Paraphrase1) The firm agreed to give him a pension.(The firm granted him a pension.)2) The Premier agre

6、ed to interview him.(The Premier granted him an interview.)3) The headmaster gave us an extra holiday.(The headmaster granted us an extra holiday.)b) agree (that sth. is true) 承认 (某事是真的 ) grant sth.eg: He granted the truth of what he said.I granted his honesty.He granted that point.grant that.eg: I

7、granted (that) what you said is correct.He granted (that) he didnt like English.Change the following simple sentences into complex ones:1) I grant his honesty.(I grant that he is honest.)2) He granted the truth of the matter.(He granted that the matter was true.)3) She granted her wrongdoings.(She g

8、ranted that what she did was wrong.)4) The boy granted his theft.(The boy granted that he stole something.) conj. granted / grantinggranted / granting that. 尽管 , 即使= suppose/supposing/provided/providing/on condition that. = if/even if eg: Granted/Granting that he is honest, he may make mistakes.Gran

9、ted/Granting this is true, what conclusion can you draw? granted (adv.) (used to admit the truth of a statement before introducing a contrary argument) ( 用于肯定某事物属实 ,然后提出相反的论点 ) eg: Granted, its a splendid car, but have you seen how much it costs!Granted, he is very rich, but he is mean. grant (n.) s

10、th. granted (money or land from a government) 赐与之物 (一份给予的土地或一笔津贴 )eg: You can get a grant to improve your house.Students in this country receive a grant from the government.3. Ill ring you up. = Ill telephone/phone you.Ill give you a call.Ill call you (up).4. pose pose (v.)a) (derog 贬 ) behave in an

11、 unnatural or affected way in order to impress people 装腔作势eg: Stop posing and tell us what you really think.pose as + n./adj.-claim or pretend to be sb./sth. 自称 / 装成是某事物或某人 eg: He poses as an expert.Dont poses as a man who knows everything.He always poses as unusual/uncommon/learned.b) sit or stand

12、in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn orphotographed 摆好姿势以便画像或拍照pose (for sb.)eg: The artist asked her to pose for him.He had to pose wearing a laurel wreath. ( 他得摆好戴着月桂花的姿势 ) pose (n.)a) . (derog 贬 ) unnatural or affected way of behaving, intend to impress peopleeg: His concern for

13、 the poor is only a pose.I hate to see his pose.b). position in which a person poses or is posed(为画像或拍照而摆好的 )姿势 ,姿态eg: Please present a pose for the camera.She adopted an elegant pose.strike an attitude/a pose - hold or put the body in a certain way or use gesturesto emphasize what one says or feels

14、; speak or write about ones opinion; intentionsor feelings in a dramatic or artificial way ( 装腔作势 )eg: He struck a pose/an attitude of defiance with a typically hard-hitting speech.(他以惯用的强硬言辞作出违抗的姿势。)She struck a pose/an attitude to protest.5. pest troublesome or annoying or destructive thing or ani

15、ma; nuisanceeg: Flies and mice are pests.Some insects are pests.pest control - destruction of pest (with poison, traps etc.)eg: People always try to have pest control. (Informal) annoying person or thingeg: The child is an absolute pest - he keeps ringing the doorbell and runningaway.6. engage engag

16、e (v.)a) obtain the right to employ or occupy 雇佣 ,聘用 ,租用eg: He will engage a servant.We will engage a young man as a guide/an interpreter.Paraphrase1) Our company needs to employ a new secretary.2) She was employed as an interpreter.3) They will hire a camera for their outing.b) take part in, be bus

17、y with, work at (often used in passive)忙于 .,从事., 做着 .be engaged (in.)eg: He is engaged in business/writing a novel.Paraphrase1) Xiao Li was busy writing letters when I saw him.2) John and his brother are busy with a plan.3) He is taking part in violent argument.4) She is having a conversation.c) cau

18、se sb. to take part in or be occupied in sth. 使某人参加某人或某事 engaged (sb) in sth.eg: I engaged him in conversationI have no time to engage in gossip.d) promise or agree to marry (passive) 订婚be engaged (to sb.)eg: Tom and Anne are engaged.Tom is engaged to Anne.My sister is engaged to an armyman.e) promi

19、se (to do sth.) 保证 ( 做某事 ) engaged oneself to do sth.eg: We engage ourselves to fulfil our obligation.He engaged himself to pay back the money.I engage myself to be there on time.Paraphrase1) He promised to come and help me.2) Our teacher promised to tell us a story.3) The students promised to study

20、 harder.4) My mother promised to make me a new dress.f) When telephoning, someone is using the line (passive) eg: The line/number is engaged.g) attract (passive)eg: His attention is engaged. engagement (n.)a). promise or undertaking esp. one that is formal or made in writing (约言 ,契约 )eg: He only has

21、 enough money to meet his engagement.She never breaks her engagement.b). arrangement to go somewhere, meet sb or to do sth. 约会 eg: I have an engagement at four today.He cancelled all his engagements.She has quite a few engagements for next week.I have an engagement with the doctor tomorrow.c) . agre

22、ement to marry 婚约eg: Their engagement was announced in the newspaper.She has broken off her engagement. engaging(adj.) - likely to attract or occupy the attention; charming an engaging smile/manner/person7. asphyxiate asphyxiate(vt.) make ill, cause the death of, through lack of enough air in the lu

23、ngs 使窒息 , 闷死eg: The men in the coal-mine were asphyxiated by the bad gas.The old man was asphyxiated when swimming.The room will asphyxiate us. n. asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia = suffocation -u condition caused by lack of air in the lungseg: The miners died of asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia. asphyx

24、iation (n.) 窒息剂 , 窒息器8. flavour/flavor flavour/flavor (n.) c u-taste and smell, esp. of food 味道 ,滋味eg: Adding salt to food improves the flavour.I dont like the flavour of onions.He likes ice cream with a chocolate flavour.This food has strong flavour. flavour/flavor (vt.) - give a flavour to 调味 , 加味

25、于 .; 使有特殊风味 flavour sth. with sth.eg: She flavoured the cake with chocolate.What do people flavour chicken with? (. ginger, onion, sauce, garlic )I dont like meat strongly flavoured with pepper.(sth) flavour stheg: Onion flavours fish.Chocolate flavours ice cream and milk.be flavored with = be fille

26、d with the smell of.eg: The room is flavoured with stale vegetable.The telephone booth is flavoured with sweat. flavouring (n.) c u thing added to food to give it flavor 调味料eg: The orange drink contains no artificial flavourings.The soup needs more flavouring.9. chill chill (v.) -make or become cold

27、 使寒冷 , 变得寒冷eg: Dont chill their enthusiasm.He was chilled to the bone. chill (n.)a) unpleasant feeling of coldness 寒意eg: There is a chill in the air.Take the chill of the water. (warm it a little)(fig) The bad news cast a chill over the people.b) illness caused by cold and damp eg: He caught a chill

28、. (caught a cold) chilly (adj.)- coldeg: It is chilly today.10. fidget fidget (v.) (cause sb. to) move the body about restlessly; make nervous (使)坐立不安eg: When the bell rings, the boys begin to fidget.Hurry up, your father is fidgeting.fidget about with.eg: Its bad manners to fidget about with the cu

29、tlery at the table. (用餐时摆弄刀叉是不礼貌的 ) fidget (n.)a) c person who fidgets 烦躁不安的人 eg: Youre such a fidget.b) the fidget - restless movements (坐立不安 ) eg: I always get the giddiest during long meetings. fidgety (adj.) - restlesseg: He is a fidgety child.11. tend tend (v.)a) be inclined to do sth; have a d

30、irection 容易做某事 ; 倾向 tend to do sth.eg: People tend to get fat when they grow older.I tend to agree with you.Paraphrase1) He is inclined to drive too fast.2) It is easy for my mother to get tired in the evening.3) You always make silly mistakes in your dictation.4) He always pitches the ball too high

31、.tend to/towards sth. - take a certain direction 朝某方向 eg: His opinion tends to mine(fig) He tends towards extreme views.b) take care of or look aftereg: The nurses tend the patients carefully.The shepherds tend their sheep. tendency (n.) - turning or inclination; a way a person or a thing tends to b

32、e show/have a tendency to (do) sth.eg: Business is showing a tendency to improve.She has a tendency to fatness.Use the noun form tendency to take the place of the verb form tend in the following:1) Milk tends to go sour in hot weather.2) Wood tends to swell if it gets wet.3) Boys tend to fight.4) Ol

33、d people tend to forget things. tendentious (adj.) (derog 贬 ) (of a speech, a piece of writing) aimed at a cause eg: Such tendentious statements are likely to provoke strong opposition.12. ignore ignore (vt.)a). take no notice of; refuse to take notice of 不顾 , 忽视ignore sth./sb.eg: Miss Li ignored my

34、 questions.Say the following sentences in another way, using ignore:1) She took no notice of my presence.2) They took no notice of this rubbish.3) I am sitting here, but she takes no notice of me.b). pay no attention to 不理睬 , 不理会eg: They ignored traffic regulations.Paraphrase1) He paid no attention

35、to his parents advice.2) My mother paid no attention to the ringing of the bell. ignorant (adj.)a). (of persons) knowing little or nothing; not aware 不知道的 , 无知的eg: He is so ignorant that he cant write his name.His ignorant behavior at the dinner table caused much embarrassment.b). (of sth.) showing

36、ignorance; resulting from ignorance.e.g an ignorant replyignorant conduct/look/starebe ignorant of/about. (not aware of)eg: Martin was ignorant of literatureParaphrase1) She doesnt know what life really is.2) He didnt know my absence from the meeting.3) We dont know what has happened.4) They are una

37、ware of our presence. ignorance (n.) u the state of being ignorant; want of knowledge 不知 , 无知 eg: If he did wrong, it was only through ignorance.be in (complete) ignorance of.eg: I am in complete ignorance of his plan.Use the noun form ignorance in the following:1) We are ignorant of his plot.2) The

38、y were unaware of the true facts.3) The teacher didnt know what the students had done.13. daze daze (vt.)a). make sb. feel stupid or unable to think clearly 使人惶惑或眩晕daze sb.eg: So much work dazed me.If anyone gives you a blow on the head, youll feel dazed.b). surprise and bewilder sb. eg: I was dazed

39、 by her sudden offer. dazed (adj.)eg: a dazed look/manner 茫然的神态或举止 daze (n.) - the state of being dazedin a daze - in a confused state 处于茫然状态eg: Ive been in a complete daze since I heard the news.14. assure assure (vt.) cause sb. to be sure, to feel certain assure sb./oneself of sth.eg: I can assure

40、 you of my full support for your plan. Peter assured me of his interest in books.Paraphrase1) Ill make him believe what I said is true.2) He tried to make me feel sure that he would welcome me. assure sb. that. 向 .保证eg: We tried to assure him that we were right.They assured him that nothing would ha

41、ppen to him. Change the following into simple sentences:1) I assured them that they would be perfectly safe with us.2) They tried to assure me that what they said was true.3) I can assure you that Ill fully support you. assure oneself that. - make sure. 确实弄清楚 , 确保eg: The man assured himself that the

42、 bridge was safe. Paraphrase1) The boy made sure that he could catch the train.2) Being going to bed, she make sure that she had locked the door. assured (adj.) definite 肯定的 , 自信的eg: There is anassured demand for goods.He spoke in his assured tone. assurance (n.) - certainty, confidence 确信 , 信心do st

43、h. with assuranceeg: He answered the question with assurance. He often speaks with assurance.have assurance of .eg: I have full assurance of his honesty.I have assurance of his support. give sb. ones assurance 向 .保证eg: He gave me his assurance that he would help me.15. indiscreet indiscreet (adj.) -

44、 cautious; not careful 不审慎 , 不稳重discreet adj. - carefuleg: Dont tell her any secrets, she is so indiscreet. discretion (n.) - indiscreet conduct; lack of discretion 不谨慎的言行 eg: He often commits youthful discretion.16. circulation n. number of copies of a newspaper or books to the public 发行量 eg: Yangc

45、heng Evening is a newspaper with a daily circulation of 2 million.He has just published a book with a circulation of 100 thousand.17. envious envious (adj.) - full of envy; jealousbe envious of 羡慕 , 嫉妒eg: I am envious of your success.She was envious of Janes good fortune.We are envious of her beauty

46、. envy (v.) - be envious ofenvy sb./sth.eg: I envy your good fortune.She envied his wealth. envy (n.)sbs envy at sth./of sb.eg: His envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy.She is filled with envy at my success.18. be in (much/more) evidence - be clearly or easily seen eg: The first signs of spri

47、ng are in evidence.Paraphrase1) Mrs. Jones in a bright dress was very clearly seen.2) She is the sort of woman who likes to attract attention.3) If you want to thumb a lift, you must stand in a place easily seen.19. It serves sb. right - His failure, misfortune etc. is deserved; He is not worth symp

48、athy 某人活该eg: 1) Xiao Li failed in the exam2) I say it serves him right because he doesnt work hard.20. inquisitive adj. - fond of inquiring into other peoples affairs 好管闲事的 eg: She is an inquisitive woman.be inquisitive abouteg: she is inquisitive about my friends/my personal affairs.21. be bent on

49、- have the mind set on . = be absorbed ineg: You should be bent on your English learning.What should a teacher be bent on?22. elope v. - (of a woman) run away from home with a lover elope with sb.eg: She eloped with her lover/with a rich man.23. obstinacy obstinacy (n.) u being not easy to give way

50、to argument; stubbornness eg: Sheer obstinacy prevented her from apologizing. 她固执得就是不道歉。 Everybody knows his obstinacy. obstinate (adj.) not easily giving way to argumenteg: Everybody knows that he is obstinateThe obstinate old man refused to go to hospital.as obstinate as a muleeg: He is as obstina

51、te as a mule.24. willfulness willfulness (n.) - obstinacy 任性 , 固执 willful adj.a). obstinate, determined to have ones own wayeg: He is a willful child.b). intentional 故意的eg: This is willful murder. 这是故意杀人。25. escape escape (v.) escape (n.) escapism (n.) - trying to forget unpleasant realities by mean

52、s of entertainment etc. 逃避现实 escapist n. - a person who tries to find escape 设法消遣者 ,逃避现实的人 eg: Drug-taking is a form of escapism for some people.Dont be an escapist.26. justify justify (vt.) show that (a person, statement, act etc.) is right 证明 .正确eg: The Prime Minister justified the action of the g

53、overnment.Paraphrase1) He tried to show that his behavior was right.2) You can not show that your conduct is good.3) You illness can not show that your absence is right.4) How can he show that what he said is right? justifiable (adj.) that can be justified 可证明是正确的eg: If the plan is justifiable, well take these steps.None of these questions is justifiable. justified (adj.) - reasonableeg: I know that he is justified.(sb.) be justified in .eg: Is England justified in holding India?He has been justified in his actions. justification (n.)u sth. that justifies 理由;证明是对的eg: There