形容词和副词的用法总结

1、形容词和副词的用法 形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词， 形容词修饰名词和代词。 副词修饰动词， 形容词和其他副词或整个句子。一 形容词的构成1 本身是形容词。如： good， happy 等。2 由名词加 y 构成： sun sunny,wind -windy,rain rainy,flower -flowery.3.由名词 +-able,+-ent,+-en,+-al,+-less,+-ful,+-ing,+-ive, 等构成，如： comfort comfortable ， differ different,nation national, wood wooden, care - caref

2、ul,care careless, excite -exciting, act -active.4.由名词 +ly 构成形容词，如： friendly ， lonely, lovely ， lively,likely,ugly,brotherly, motherly,fatherly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early,manly,orderly,deadly, 等。5 复合形容词 如： kind-hearted,warm-hearted,well-educated,good-looking,man-made,Harding-working,peace-lovi

3、ng,new-born, snow-white,duty-free.二 形容词的作用1 做定语 修饰名词和代词 a good boy， something new, 等。2 做表语， He is happy.3 作宾语补足语 I found him hard-working.4 作主语补足语 He was found hard-working.（ 被动语态中）5 做主语或宾语（前面加 the ） The new replaces the old. 新事物代替旧事物。6 伴随状语 Tired and hot, we have to stop to have a rest.三 形容词的位置1 放在

4、所修饰的名词前， a red coat.2 放在不定代词的后面 something important.3 长宽高深等形容词放在数词 +名词的后面，如： five meters high/deep/wide/long, six years old,4 enough 放在形容词和副词之后，名词前后均可。 big enough,enough time.5 一些以a-开头的表语形容词不能放在名词前面做定语，要放在名词后做后置定语，如：a man alive活着的人,a awake baby一个醒着的婴儿,a asleep baby 个睡 着的婴儿 ,但是如果这些词本身带有副词修饰时，可以放在名词前面

5、，如a fastasleep baby 一个熟睡的婴儿the wide awake soldier十分清醒的士兵。6 在下列结构中，形容词要放在冠词前， so/how/as/too+adj.+a/an+n.It is as pleasant a day as yesterday. How beautiful a park it isIt is too cold a day to go out. He is so clever a boy that heworks out the problem.只做表语的形容词 ： ill,sorry,well,pleased,unable,sure,glad

6、.几组常见形容词的区别 1much too,too much 2 hard,hardly 3 too,also,either,as well4 already,yet 5 loud,loudly,aloud6 some time,sometime,some times,sometimes7 ago,before 8 just,just now,now9 so such10 too enough副词 一 副词的分类1 时间副词 放在句末，2 地点副词 放句末,地点副词与动词连用时，不加介词，go there,come here,Turn left,turn right=turn to the r

7、ight,go east ,go west,go upstairs,go downstairs, go abroad,go somewhere/anywhere/everywhere, 3 程度副词放在所修饰的词前面， enough 除外4频度副词 放在be，第一个助动词，情态动词的之后，行为动词之前。5 关系副词 连接定语从句 when,where,why6 疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句 when,where,why,how7 连接副词 连接名词性从句 （宾语从句，表语从句，主语从句 等when ,where,why,how注意? ?方式状语，地点状语，时间状语， 按这个顺序二 副词的构成1 本

8、身是副词 very ,rather 等。2 与形容词形式一样 hard,early, late, high,wide ,deep 等。an early bus,get up early the late changes,stay up late,200meters high,fly high ,50 feet deep,on a hard floor,study hardtalk deep into the night 谈到深夜， ten minutes late 晚十分钟， arrive late, a wide street,open your mouth/eyes wide,be wid

9、ely used.3 由形容词 +ly 构成，slow-slowly,quick-quickly,brave-,bravely,clear-clearly.4部分以-e结尾的形容词 ,去e+ly,构成副词。true-truly , possible-possibly, terrible-terribly,simple-simply,probable-probably. widely5以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变副词要把y改成i再加ly,如：happy-happily。6本身是副词，加上ly以后意义不同。late lately ,hard hardly,close closely,like li

10、kely,deep deeply,high highly,wide widely, goog well三 副词的作用1作状语 修饰动词 rain heavily ,修饰形容词原形的词 too,rather ,very,so quite ,修 饰其他副词 too fast,修饰介词 just behind the door,修饰从句 This is exactly what I need修饰其他词 almost every one,n early 100 people 等。2 做后置定语 the girl there,the population here.3 作表语， Who is in?4

11、作补语 Let him out.5 作介宾 from abroad/here几组常见副词的用法区别1much too,too much 2 hard hardly 3 too ,also either, as well 4 already ,yet 5 loud,loudly6 some times ,sometimes,sometime,some time 7 too ,enough 8 ago before 9just,just now ,now10 so, such形容词和副词的比较级最高级形式一比较级的构成规则1规则变化2不规则变化二比较级的用法)原级比较句型肯定句型A.+as+adj

12、,/adv.+as+B和一样否定句型 A+not+so/as+adj./adv. +as+B. A不如 B降级比较 A +less+adj./adv.+than B .A不如 B二)比较级句型1比较级+tha n +比较对象No(other)+单数名词 /no oneany other +单数名词(all) the other + 复数名词anyone else/a nything else=nobfhnotfie+比较级词than没有比更No other way is better than this one.No ( other)+单数名词 /no one/nobody/none+as/s

13、o+adj./adv.+as+No ocea n in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocea n.2 the+比较级，the+比较级越，越。3比较级+and+比较级，越来越。4 the+比较级+of the two.,两者中较为的一个。5疑问词+be+t匕较级，A or B?两者中最?能够修饰比较级的单词 much,far,even,still,any, rather ,a lot, a little,a bit,a great deal,三)最高级句型1 the+最高级+可数名词单数+of/in/among , 中最2 one of the+最 高级

14、 + 复数名词 +of/in/among,最之一。3特殊疑问词+ be+the + 最高级，A, B or C三者中最?特殊疑问词+行为动词+副词最高级，A , B or C?Who runs fastest,Jim,Kate or Mike4the+序数词+最高级+单数可数名词+in （范围）在.第几最.能修饰最高级的词 by far,almost,nearly比较级注意事项1 比较对象必须是对等的即同类事物或人 .It is colder in Beijing than in Shanghai.2 句中后面的名词避免重复， 使用 that 代替可数名词单数或不可数名词， 用 those 代

15、替可数名词复数，也可以用 the one 代替单数可数名词。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.The students in our class are stronger than those in their class.The girl in red is taller than the one in green .3 比较对象在同一范围内时用 other 把自身排除掉，不在同一范围内不用 otherShanghai is bigger than any other city in China.Shanghai i

16、s bigger than any city in Africa.4 no +比较级+than两者均否定，译为“一样不”not +比较级+than,两者均肯 定，前者不如后者，译为“不如”This problem is no more important than that one. 这个问题和那个问题一样不重要。This problem isn t more important than that on这个问题不如那个问题重要。5 There are many more + 复数名词 +地点 A+ than +地点 BThere are many more books in our scho

17、ol than in their school.There is much more +不可数名词+地点 A+than+地点 BThere is much more water in the sea than in the river.6 than 后主格和宾格区别 当谓语是 be 动词 ,或不及物动词或动词宾语是物时， 主格和宾格无区别。若 than 后保留动词的话，用主格不能用宾格。She is taller than he /him.She speaks English better than he/him.Tom runs faster than I do不能用 me）;She spe

18、aks English better than he does.当谓语动词是及物动词时，意义则不同，如：I knows you better than he （knows you）此句是主语相比较，我比他更了解你I like you better than（I know） him .和他相比，我更了解你（我了解你胜过了解他。 ） than 是 you 时，助动词就不能省略了。 She knows me better than you do.7 a most interesting story 十分有趣的故事， the most interesting story 最有趣的故 事四）倍数的表达1 A+ be或行为动词）+咅数 +as+adj./adv.+as+B。A 是 B 的倍This room is three times as big as that one2 A+be或行为动词）+倍数+比较级+than +B。A比B倍。This room