英语四级冲刺讲义

1、沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇1四级冲刺讲义听力简短对话题型归类和应试策略1数字与计算题“数字与计算”是早年大学英语四级统考中的听力测试的最常考项目之一，常见的计算题包括时间、价格、年龄、距离、速度等。出题形式可分为计算型、辨认型和替换型。以加减计算题为主。相关词汇与表达：more, less, late, early, fast, slow, ahead of schedule, delay, postpone, decrease,bring forward, times, twice, double, a quarter, a ha

2、lf, the day before yesterday, by noon, half anhour例一A) $1.40 B) $4.30 C) $6.40 D) $8.60W: Here is a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show, please.M: Sure. Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change.Q: How much does one ticket cost?2职业、身份和相互关系题这种类型的题目相对比较简单。首先，四个选择往往是4 种不同职业或者

3、是表示两个对话者之间关系的词。如husband and wife, boss and secretary, librarian and student或customer andrepairman等。选择项的特点决定了提问的内容。了解这一点后，在听音过程中，就可以把注意力集中到一些关键词或词组上，以便作出准确判断。其次，提问的方式比较单一固定。常见的提问方式是：Whats the man/ woman?What does the man/ woman do?Whats the mans /womans job/ profession/ occupation?Whats the probable

4、relationship between the man and woman?Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?在听音过程中，只需集中注意力听清对话，根据对话提供的有效信息，便可以比较快地作出正确选择。相关词汇和表达：1 营业员与顾客（shop assistant and customer）What can I do for you? / on sale/ Can I help you? / out of style/ ready-made/ receipt/check-out stand/ size/ color

5、/ fit/ look round2饭店服务员与顾客（waiter/ waitress and customer）menu/ seasoning/ order/ treat/ go Dutch/ steak/ ham/ bill/ Dutch Treat/reserve/ make areservation沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇23图书管理员与学生( librarian and student)borrow/ renew/ library card/ library catalogue/ loan desk/ due/ over

6、due/ fine/ finish reading4医生与病人( doctor and patient)Whats wrong?/ What seems to be the symptom ?/ Whats the matter?/ indigestion/ stomache/be operated on/ give an injection/ chest pain/ feel worn out5教师与学生( teacher and student)tuition/ registration/ required course/ compulsory course/ optional cours

7、e/ elective course/drop out/ quit school/ credits/ attendance/pass course6空姐与乘客（airhostess and passenger）take off/ board/ fasten seatbelt/ land/ depart/ departure time /extinguish cigarettes7老板与秘书( boss and secretary)copy/ make arrangement/ break down/ inform例一A) A railway porter. B) A taxi driver.C

8、) A bus conductor. D) A postal clerk.W: Excuse me, Sir, Im going to send this parcel to London.Whats the postage for it?M: Let me see. Its one pound and fifty.Q:Who is the woman most probably speaking to?例二A) Colleagues. C) Employer and employee.B) Husband and wife. D) Mother and son.W: John, what a

9、re you doing on your computer? Dont you remember your promise?M: This is not a game. Its only a cross word puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers? (2003.1)3. 因果关系题提高这类测试题的应试能力，考生必须学会分析选择项。根据选择项特征确定测试的具体类型。即该题是就原因提问还是就结果进行提高；同时根据选择项中的主语、人称代词的

10、性质明确听音的重点，即是集中注意力听男声部分还是女士的谈话。就原因提问的测试题，其选择项特点较为明显，通常都由because 引导。但也不不少含蓄型的题目。这类测试题的选择项没有because，不过，只要认真分析一下选择项的谓语部分也能加以确定。例一A) He must meet his teacher. B) He must attend a class.C) He must go out with his girlfriend. D) He must stay at school to finish his homework.W: John, do you want to go swimm

11、ing with me today?M: Sure, but I cant leave now. I have an appointment with my professor at three oclock.Q:Why cant John go swimming now?4. 地点与场所题沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇3地点与场所类的题目主要要求考生判断对话发生的地点，或判断对话中某一方要去的地方，以及判断第三者所在的位置等。这类测试通常比较简单，提问的方式比较单一，选择项特点明显，一般四个选择项都是表示地点状语的介词短语。最常见的提

12、问方式是：Where does the conversation most probably take place?Where are the two speakers now?Where do you think this conversation most probably take place?Where is the man/ woman going?Where is Mary now?相关词汇和表达：Hotel: room service, double room; reservation, front desk, bathroom reception, single roomRes

13、taurant: menu, steak, order, salad, soft drink, dessert, soup, go Dutch, beef, mutton,reservationLibrary: borrow, over-due, lend, fine, renew, catalogue, due, shelf, volumnPost office: mail, parcel, airmail, registered letter, post, postageStore: size, fashion, color, cash, department, counter, chec

14、k out, on sale, of the same price.bargainBank: open an account, draw on ones account, cash a check, current account, fixed depositHospital: fever, pills, cough, tablet, headache, take medicine, stomachache, temperature,prescribeSchool: Bachelors degree, Masters degree, Doctors degree, dormitory, sem

15、ester, requiredcourse, elective/ optional course, credit, exam. paper, term paperPlane: flight, seat belt, take off, land, extinguish cigarettes, boarding.例一A) An art museum. C) A college campus.B) A beautiful park. D) An architectural exhibition.W: Wow, I do like this campus. All the big trees, the

16、 green lawns, and the old buildings with tallcolumns （柱，园柱）. Its really beautiful.M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the 18thcentury here.Q:What are the speakers talking about? (2005.6)例二A）At a publishing house. C) In a reading room.B) At a bo

17、okstore. D) In Prof. Jordans office.M: Excuse me, I am looking for the textbook by a Professor Jordon for the marketing course (市场营销课程)。W: I am afraid its out of stock (脱销). Youd have to order (订购) it. And it will take the publisher(出版商) 3 weeks to send it to us.Q:Where did this conversation most pr

18、obably take place?沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇45. 态度与反应题涉及的主要是对话中男女双方对某人某事的看法。主要测试考生分析判断能力。四个选择项都有比较明显的特点，即选择项中往往出现表示人的情感或态度的动词或形容词等。如:be afraid, think, believe, feel, like等。另外，在选择项中常会出现表明人的喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词，如: excited, bored等。有时也会出现描述事物性质的词，如: big, small, cheap等。常见的提问方式有：What does the

19、man/ woman think of?Whats their opinion of?How did the man /woman feel about?How did the man / woman feel?值得提醒的是，听力测试中还有一种特殊现象。对话中的另一方（第二个说话的人）并不直接说出自己的看法，而是用also, too, neither, either, so, the same 来表明自己的态度。在这种情况下，就必须听清第一个人的讲话并准确理解其态度，只有这样才能作出正确选择。例一A) He wishes to have more courses like it.B) He f

20、inds it hard to follow the teacher.C) He wishes the teacher would talk more.D) He doesnt like the teachers accent.W: You took an optional course this semester, didnt you? How is it going?M: Terrible! It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I understand.Q: How did the man feel about the

21、course? (2002.6)例二A) The man went to the concert, but the woman didnt.B) The woman went to the concert, but the man didnt.C) The speakers did not go to the concert.D) Both speakers went to the concert.M: You didnt go to the concert last night either, did you?W: No, I had a slight headache.Q:What can

22、 we learn from this conversation? (1991.6/4)6. 肯定与否定题听力测试题有很多对话常通过某种否定形式来表示肯定含义，或是利用肯定形式表示否定意义。其目的是考查学生的快速反应能力和基础知识掌握的程度。常见的以否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有：cannot wait+不定式或can hardly wait+不定式（急于，迫切希望）；cannot与much（或too, enough, sufficiently, over，构成的合成词）连用（无论怎么也不为过）；cannot help doing（禁不住做）；cannot but do（不得不，必然）；cann

23、ot help but do (不得不)；have no choice/ alternative but to do（除做外别无选择，非做不可）；nothing but (只有，只不过)；另外，还可以通过各种比较结构来表示肯定含义，最常沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇5用的有：nothing less than (和一模一样，完全是)；more A than B (与其说是B， 不如说是A或是A而不是B)；less A than B (与其说是A， 不如说是B或是B而不是A)；not so muchAas B (是B而不是A)；A not

24、 soas B (A比B)，表达的正好是原结构中形容词或副词的反义。常见的以肯定表示否定的意义的有：anything but（根本不）；used to（过去常常，是对现在的情况的否定，说明现在已不这样做）；tooto(太以致不，这一结构的不定式表示否定意义)；preferto（该短语否定的是介词短语部分，表示“不喜欢或不会做”等）；wouldratherthan（宁愿而不，这一结构否定的是than后的动词，wouldrather than与其用法相同。）例一A) The man doesnt have money for his daughters graduate studies.B) Th

25、e man doesnt think his daughter will get a business degree.C) The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D) The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.W: Daddy, I have decided to give up science and go to business school（商学院）。M: Well, Its y

26、our choice as long as you pay your own way (挣钱维持生活), but I should warn youthat not everyone with a business degree will make (造就，成为) a successful manager.Q:What do we learn from the conversation? (2005.6)7. 计划与行动题行动类题是四级听力测试中最常见的题型之一。题量较大。1某人计划或打算做什么。选择项常以动词原形或动词不定式形式出现；也有以句子形式出现的选择项，这类选择项的谓语部分常出现wi

27、ll，be going或be to。解题时，应首先根据选择项确定提问的对象，即男士还是女士计划或准备去做某事，这样听音时就可以集中注意力去听相关部分，尤其是谓语动词。例题A) Look for a more expensive hotel.B) Go to another hotel by bus.C) Try to find a quiet place.D) Take a walk around the city.W: I dont think we can find a better hotel around here at this time.M: Lets walk a little

28、further to see if there is another one. I just cant bear the traffic noise here.Q:What will the speakers most probably do?2某人正在做什么。选择项通常是动词的-ing形式。有时也会出现句子，但其谓语动词都是进行时的形式。这类测试题的提问方式比较单一，一般都是Whats the man/ woman doingnow? 或What are they doing now?这种类型的测试往往比较简单，只要集中注意力听清对话中的谓语动词基本都能作出正确的判断。例题沪江网校10年6月

29、英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇6A) Looking for a young lady.B) Looking for her wrist watch.C) Looking for a young gentleman.D) Looking for a man wearing a wrist watch.W: Excuse me, sir, but have you seen a young gentleman looking for his wrist watch?M: A young man, Madam?Q:Whats the woman doing?

30、A) Talking about sports. B) Writing up local news.C) Reading newspapers. D) Putting up advertisements.M: Would you pass me the sports section please?W: Sure, if you give me the classified ads and local news section.Q:What are the speakers doing? （2005.1）3某人提出去做什么。这类测试中，对话中的一方针对另一方提出的要求或建议，主动提供帮助。试题的

31、选择项通常为动词原形或动词不定式。解题时，通常要集中注意力听清楚对话中第二个人的谈话，特别是谓语动词。例题A) Save time by using a computer.B) Buy her own computer.C) Borrow Marthas computer.D) Stay home and complete her paper.W: I am going to Marthas house. I have a paper to complete. And I need to use her computer.M:Why dont you buy one yourself? Thi

32、nk how much time you could save.Q:What does the man suggest the woman do? (2005.6)例题A) Help the company recruit graduate students.B) Visit the electronics company next week.C) Get a part-time job on campus before graduation.D) Apply for a job in the electronics company.M: You know the electronics co

33、mpany is coming to our campus to recruit graduate students nextweek.W: Really?What day? Id like to talk to them and hand in my resume.Q:What does the woman want to do? (2006. 1)8. 推理判断题推理判断是英语四级听力测试中最常见的题型之一，难度较大。因为说话人表达思想的方法比较含蓄，不能为选择书面答案提供直接的信息，这就要求考生利用语音语调和逻辑推理的思维过程来判断对话的内在含义，领会说话人的真实意图。听力理解不但要听懂

34、具体的沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇7话语，而且要能听懂隐含的意义，能判断讲话人的意图等。这类题型在近几年的考试中题量大，而且有增加的趋势。例一A) Go on with the gameB) Draw pictures on the computer.C) Review his lessons.D) Have a good rest.W: Mark is playing computer game.M: Should he do that when the final exam is drawing near?Q:What does

35、the man think Mark should do? (2002.6)例二A) Move to a big city. C) Go back to school.B) Become a teacher. D) Work in New York.W: Frank, I thought you were working in New York.M: I was, but I moved back. I just couldnt get used to living in a big city. So here I am, back inschool, taking courses for a

36、 teacher certificate(教师证书).Q:What is Frank planning to do? (04.6)例三A) Move the washing machine to the basement.B) Turn the basement into a workshop.C) Repair the washing machine.D) Finish his assignment.M：Allen is in the basement trying to repair the washing machine.W: Shouldnt he be working on his

37、term paper?Q:What does the woman think Allen should do? （2005.1）例四A) The man can stay in her brothers apartment.B) Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.C) Her brother can find an apartment for the man.D) The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.M: I am going to New York next we

38、ek, but the hotel I booked is really expensive.W:Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment.Q:What does the woman mean? (2006. 1)沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇8附： 听力中关键俚语及固定搭配归类make itworn outget/be used to doingused toonce in a whilefigure outkeep itbreak downmean

39、 tobe supposed tono wonderlet alonehave no ideahow comemanage toattempt toby all meansunder no circumstancethanks tocount oncount independ onfeel like doingby chanceYou are on ityou said itYou bet.cant agree with you more/betterdrag ones feetdraw nearthe last thingyou are kiddingcome down withraise

40、the roofhave ones hands fullgo in one ear, come out of the otherin a mess； be messed upcheer upsecond tonone to成功，办成某事。用破，用旧。习惯于过去常常做某事偶然，偶尔弄明白，分辨出留着，保持（机器，汽车）坏了,出故障有意做，打算做应该做难怪更不用说不知道怎么会想方设法做成试图做尽一切办法, 一定决不由于依靠，指望把.计算在内依靠想做，意欲偶然，意外地美俚就这么办了。这事就这样定了。你说得对当然, 真的, 的确完全同意拖着脚走, 迟缓误事, 拖拉, 不合作走近,临近最不愿意做的，看_

41、到你在开玩笑付钱,染上(病)喧闹, 大声抱怨忙得不可开交, 手头事情应接不暇一只耳朵进，一只耳朵出乱七八糟使振奋, 感到振奋仅次于首屈一指、最沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇9长对话应试策略应试技巧：1抓紧时间快速浏览选项，尽可能的预判对话的内容；2做题注意顺序原则，边听边选，特别注意问答；3注意对话者话题的转换（起因、承接、转折、结果）；听力长对话可能的一些场景：一、 谈论课堂学习（1） 两个学生谈论选课这类对话的内容主要是一个学生因为选课的问题，征求另一个学生的意见。在复习时，应尽可能把重点放在对特征词的熟悉上。特征词：常用词及句：b

42、eginning course, introductory course, elementary course, advanced, use your advice,If you want to graduate, youll have to take the course., be weak in, do poorly in.抱怨课程难的常用语：have a hard time keeping up, challenging enough抱怨选课多的常用语：quite a heavy load, drop the course, thats rather a lot., handle the

43、 work.谈论转学事宜：transfer out of state college into another college in spring/fall, bachelors degree,selective, good grades in three semesters, license,.课程名称：math, physics, chemistry, political science, philosophy.（2）谈论考试、写论文、写作、著作等开头：一般的寒暄用语，引入本对话的中心话题。中间：两人对该中心话题展开讨论，基本特征是：第一个人以提问为主，第二个人回答，回答的比较详细具体，出

44、题点基本来自于第二个人的话中。结尾：互相祝愿、称赞或鼓励。二、 谈论娱乐（1） 体育运动场景体育运动场景可以从以下几方面入手：1）四级听力中常出现的有哪几种体育运动项目；2）每个运动项目的特征词；3）每个运动项目的背景知识：如何玩，注意事项等。主要的项目为：跑步、足球、篮球、自行车、滑雪、攀岩等。特征词：skiing, rock climbing, cycling, spring cycling season, regular hobby, expert riders, themountain-lake cycle tour, a 2-day bicycle tour, the startin

45、g line, Its not a race, its just for fun., thegreat outdoors.沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇10运动者往往不是为了比赛，而是为了好玩和健身的目的，并且沿路还可以欣赏风景名胜。（2） 谈论郊游或参观（如06 年12月真题）开头：一般的寒暄用语，其中一人提出要去一个地方，去的直接理由是什么。中间：各自说一说与这个地方相关的内容，可能涉及到风土人情、有意义的建筑物、有意义的人等等。结尾：祝愿对方玩得愉快。/ 某一方迫不及待地想去了。三、 工作场景首先要了解常见的工种有：1学生最常做的

46、也是最爱做的：Teaching Assistant, Research Assistant, Lab Assistant2各种商业部门的工作：waiter/waitress, cook, dish washing, stock shelf, deliver the goods,book-seller, broker, clerk, work in a travel agency/financial company/internationalcompany, 3家庭服务性的工作：baby-sitting, house-sitting（1） 工作面试场景开头：一般的寒暄用语中间：应聘该职位的条件：

47、是否有一定的工作经历，年龄、专业等等；工资待遇和时间：涉及薪水、工作时间的规定和要求、食宿交通费用等安排。结尾：“我们再约个时间进行复试”或“很高兴您能成为我公司的一员”特征词：announcement, resume, the person we have been looking for, interested in someone, I needsomeone who, at least 25 years old, fill out an application, ten hours a week, fit into my schedule,high school diploma, ba

48、chelors degree, pre-career training, positions are open year round, pay forliving expenses, working experience, housing and food and allowance, supervise your work, paidvacation, personnel department, job prospect.（2） 两学生谈论打工该场景中，两学生在谈论工作时只有两种意见：一是觉得工作好，另一是觉得工作坏。对工作做好的评价：The job sounds great., sound

49、s like a good job.薪水好：well-paid, a good salary工作有意思：no trouble doing it, enjoy doing that sort of work, a very good experience, build upyour computer skills.对工作做坏的评价：That seems a lot of trouble for a summer job.薪水差：I would not be making nearly as much money.工作辛苦又没意思：every job has its drawbacks, dont

50、 work too hard, too much for one person.四、 谈论住房或租房沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇11谈论到该方面问题时经常涉及到的内容：1房子条件差，经常出毛病；2与同住的人相处的问题；3找房子的过程。特征词：1）房子差：The place Im in now is real dump（垃圾堆）. / the buildings are pretty noisy, the wallsare thin and you can hear everything going on the other apart

51、ment., need someone quiet.2）相处：Do you like living in the dormitory? Turn radio up too loud or make too much noise thenI get angry.3）找房子：the rent is 525 dollars a month, include heat and electricity, the tenants（房客，租户）have to pay their own utilities, reasonable, the high-rises near the university, th

52、e bus doesntrun that way, I cant afford a car.短文听力题技巧综述和短对话题型比起来,听力短文部分信息量大,题材范围广,题型变化多,复杂句多,每一句的主题和相关词都不一样,似乎没什么规律可循,也难以做到准确的预测,在录音只放一遍条件下很容易难倒考生。因此，要想听好短文这一部分，我们需要对常考短文的体裁和题材有深入全面的了解，听时能迅速抓住文章题材、脉络，把握住有效考点；同时还需要我们熟悉短文的提问方式及相应的_解题对策，培养正确的练习方法，真正做到不论短文内容有何变化，我们都能胸有成竹，轻松应考。一、短文听力应试技巧阐述：1 听之前应做的工作：(1)

53、提前看选项：找出相同词，确定文章讨论范围；找数字，准备记录，听到什么选什么(2)分析选项，判断题目的类型，是主旨题、细节题还是推断题2 听时应做的工作：(1)仔细听两头：开头和结尾非常重要，出题几率很高；(2)注意结尾的特点：记重复重现的词（到选项中找相同的）；引导结果的连词therefore, thus,so, as a result, that is等等；(3)快速记录那些反复听到的词语和词组;(4)在文章中间抓特定的某些小词: first（经常出考题）, most（经常出考题）, because（经常出考题）since, only, just（可能出考题），以及表示强烈的转折和强烈的因果

54、都非常重要。3 听完文章，在做题时应做的工作：分析选项，找出题干关键词之间可能存在的关系，进行适当的猜想。题目设置的原则：1题目顺序与文章顺序基本保持一致；2一般遵循“听到什么就选什么的原则”；沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义冲刺篇123某些正确选项是对原文内容的同义转述或概括表达。二、真题回放例一05 年6月第三篇听力文章18. A) Beauty. B) Loyalty. C) Luck. D) Durability.19. A) He wanted to follow the tradition of his country.B) He

55、believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage.C) It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart.D) It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck.20. A) the two people can learn about each others likes and dislikes.B) The two people can have time

56、to decide if they are a good match.C) The two people can have time to shop for their new home.D) The two people can earn enough money for their wedding.例二06 年6月（新题型）第二篇听力文章30. A) Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B) Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C) The United States is a country of immigrants.D) Americans prefer fore