飞机培训课件英文版：EX#24A HF

1、PGI EXERCISE #24A Human Factors,200612810807,Enabling Objective,The human body and its limitations including: Limitations of the senses, disorientation and stress and fatigue. How to take proper care of ourselves: Sickness, medication / drugs & diet. The environment that we operate in: Cockpit and A

2、ltitude.,Visual Sense - Eyes,Empty Field Myopia Central Vision Peripheral Visions Dry Air Blind Spots Expectancy Fixation Hypoxia,Visual Illusions,Taxiing with blowing snow Take-off A light highway at night Cruise Collision geometry Approach and landing to a runway with an upslope,Vestibular Senses

3、- Ears,Semi Circular Canals Expectancy Link to Short term memory Listening Watch,Vestibular Illusion,Opposite Turn Illusion Coreolis Illusion The Leans,Otoliths Senses,Sensitive to linear acceleration (horizontal and vertical) Two Canals, filled with fluid and hair fibres,Disorientation / Illusion,P

4、itch up Illusion Pitch Down Illusion Kinesthestic Illusions,Stress,Definition: A mentally or emotionally disruptive or upsetting condition occurring in response to adverse external influences. Four types: Low, acute, chronic, traumatic,Stress,Low Acute Acute Stress Symptoms: muscular pain, tension,

5、headaches, irritability, dizziness. Chronic: Long term problems: financial, maritial, wears you out,Stress,Traumatic :caused by traumatic event: death of a loved one, financial crisis. Types of stressor: Money Work School Children Spouse Prevention: Be prepared Take care of yourself Acknowledge stre

6、ss and deal with it Self Discipline,Fatigue,Acute Fatigue: Caused by intense mental or physical activity over a short period of time Impairs ability to fly at peak performance Impairs communication skills Easily cured by good night sleep,Fatigue,Chronic Fatigue: Results from many episodes of acute f

7、atigue Not easily cured, need to get rid of the reason why you dont sleep enough or why your are stressed.,Fatigue,Prevention: If you are tired, dont fly Make sure you sleep 8 hr a day Take a nap before your flight if required Awareness is the key. Acknowledge your fatigue and deal with it Exercise,

8、 this will help you sleep better,Enabling Objective,The human body and its limitations including: Limitations of the senses, disorientation and stress and fatigue. How to take proper care of ourselves: Sickness, medication / drugs & diet. The environment that we operate in: Cockpit and Altitude.,Hea

9、lth, Diet & Medication,If you feel ill, dont fly Eat healthily, take time to eat. Will prevent fatigue and keep you healthy. Exercise, prevent fatigue and keep body in shape Dont use medication. If you need to use, make sure you tell your doctor that you are a pilot and ask him whether it is safe to

10、 fly with this medication. Ask a flight surgeon if your doctor have no idea. Even over-the-counter medications can impair your flying abilities, makes you sleepy. Dont drink too much coffee or cola.,Colds & Sinus Congestion,The thick bones of the skull contain air spaces to lighten their weight with

11、out reducing strength. Called Sinuses. Drainage tubes to the sinuses can become clogged when you have a cold. Pressure inside the sinuses may not be equalized quickly enough when you are descending. This causes PAIN Descend more slowly. Dont go flying when you have a cold. If on flight but encounter

12、 pain. Climb to equalize pressure till pain goes away,Drugs & Alcohol,Drugs and alcohol are both out of the question when you go flying 10% of fatal aviation accidents related to alcohol Alcohol and drugs impair visual, auditory and vestibular systems. They affect your memory and decision-making. Le

13、gally, a pilots blood alcohol level should be 0 No alcohol at all within 8 hr before flying. After heavy drinking, alcohol may stay in your system for up to 72 hrs,IM SAFE,I-ILLNESS M -MEDICATION S-STRESS A-ALCOHOL F-FATIGUE E-EATING,Enabling Objective,The human body and its limitations including: L

14、imitations of the senses, disorientation and stress and fatigue. How to take proper care of ourselves: Sickness, medication / drugs & diet. The environment that we operate in: Cockpit and Altitude.,Effects of Cockpit Environment,Noise Temperature Altitude Vibration Cockpit Layout Operational Pressur

15、es ATC Relations Flight Crew Relationships Situational Awareness,Hypoxia,Inadequate oxygenation of tissues Lungs must be able to transfer sufficient oxygen to the bloodstream Blood must be able to absorb sufficient oxygen The bloodstream must be able to move the oxygen to the cells. The cells must b

16、e able to absorb the oxygen from the bloodstream 4 Types of Hypoxia: Hypoxic, Anemic, Stagnant, Histotoxic,Hypoxia,4 Types of Hypoxia: Hypoxic Anemic Stagnant Histotoxic Effects of Hypoxia,Time of Useful Consciousness,10,000 : Hours 20,000 : 5 -12 min 30,000 : 45 75 sec 40,000 : 13 30 sec 45,000 : 1

17、2 15 sec or less,Hyperventilation,breathing too fast and too deep Get too much oxygen and too little carbon dioxide in your lungs. This changes the acidity of the blood This constricts the arteries to the brain and reduces the blood supply. Notice dizziness, clamminess, pins and needles. Feel like y

18、ou need more air, and start breathing faster, compounding the problem. Most likely cause : STRESS Treatment: consciously breathe more slowly.,Symptoms,Below 8,000 feet: hypoxia is unlikely. Slow breathing rate to 12 times per minute, or hold breath for 15 sec and then slow the rate. Above 8,000 feet: take 3 or 4 deep breaths of oxygen if it is available. If the symptoms persist, the problem is probably hyperventilation and s