形容词的比较级和最高级详解与练习

1、形容词副词的比较级和最高级英语中大多数形容词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。注意：英语中有些形容词说明形状、材质等，还有形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，故而没有比较级和最高级。常见的有：right正确的wrong错误的excellent最好的final最后的last最后的possible可能的first第一的east东方的empty空的wooden木制的impossible不可能的favorite最喜欢的round圆的golden金色的square方的形容词副词比较等级的构成：1.规则变化id构成方式1一般情况，直接加词尾er或者est以e结尾的，加r或st2原

2、级tallyoungnicelarge比较级talleryoungernicerlarger最高级tallestyoungestnicestlargest34以辅音字母+y结尾的，把yi,再加er或est以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结happybusybighappierbusierbiggerhappiestbusiestbiggest尾的，双写结尾的辅音字母，hothotterhottest再加er或est.5双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加more/less或most/least构成形容词的比较级和最高级thinusefulcarefuldifficultexpensivet

3、hinnermoreusefulmorecarefulmoredifficultlessexpensivethinnestmostusefulmostcarefulmostdifficultleastexpensive注：(1).以否定前缀un-构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest;untidy-untidier-untidiest.(2).以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加more，most,如：slowly,quickly,softly,angrily等。(3).由-ing分词和-ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowkn

4、own)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。如：excited,tired,boring;(4).以-y,-er,-ow,-le结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er,-est.如：able，healthy,funny,busy,hungry,easy,happy,early,pretty,lazy,heavy,dirty,clever,narrow等。(5).new,few,slow,clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。2.不规则变化id123456原级good/wellill/bad/badlymany/muchlittlefarold比较级betterworsem

5、orelessfarther/furtherolder/elder最高级bestworstmostleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest注：1、只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式：clever，old，far2、特别提醒：further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组：furtherstudy(进修)，further，education(继续教育)furtherinformation(进一步的信息).elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”，仅用于同一家庭成员的比较；通常只能指人，且只作定语（即只用于修饰名词）。如:elde

6、rsister(姐姐)，elderbrother(哥哥)，elderson长子；older则不受这些限制。补充表示“多”表示“少”用于不可数名词muchmorethemostlittlelesstheleast用于可数名词manymorethemostfewfewerthefewest比较等级的用法：一、原级形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构(同级比较)：1.表示比较的双方相等，用”asas”结构，“与.一样”。表示“前者像后者一样”，即a+be+as+形容词原级+as+b.e.g.johnisastallashisbrother.wellgiveyouas

7、muchhelpaswecan.youreaboyasgoodastom.=youreasgoodaboyastom.你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。2.表示比较的双方不相等(形容词原级表示比较级含义)：，用“notasas”结构，意为“不如，不及”，表示“前者不如后者”，即a+be+notas+形容词原级+as+b.。e.g.johnisnotastallashisbrother.sheisntas(so)activeinsportsasbefore.johnisnotsostupidasmike.=johnislessstupidthanmike.=johnisclevererthanmike.约

8、翰不象迈克那么笨。3.表示a是b的多少倍：a+be+倍数+as.as+b.如：theearthis49timesasbigasthemoon.myruleristwiceaslongasyours.二、比较级当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：a+be+形容词比较级+than+b.e.g.jackieistallerthanalex,butalexisheavierthanjackie.注意：1.比较级后面往往用连词than连接另一个比较的人或事物，但在上下文明确的情况下，形容词比较级可单独使用。例如：thisrulerisverylong,butthato

9、neislonger.这把尺子很长，那把尺子更长。2.在比较级中为了避免重复，than后面要用that或those来代替用来比较的名词。如：insummer,theweatherinchongqingishotterthanthatinyibin.在夏季，重庆的天气比宜宾的天气热。theflowersinmygardenaremuchmorebeautifulthanthoseinthepark.我家花园里的花要比那个公园里的花漂亮多了。比较级的几种特殊用法：1.用比较级表示最高级a+be+比较级+than+anyother+单数名词，或者，a+be+比较级+than+theother+复数名

10、词heistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass.=heistallerthantheotherstudentsintheclass.他比班上其他的同学都高。2.两个中比较的a+the+比较级+ofthetwo/pair/twins：heistheclevererofthetwo.=ofthetwoboys,heistheclever.他是这两个中比较聪明的3.越来越moreandmore注：这里的more代表比较级，而不是说一定是more,如说，越来越聪明就该说：clevererandcleverer.一般和动词be,get,become（变得）连用。heis

11、gettingmoreandmorehandsomeitisbecomingcheaperandcheaper4.越就越themorethemore注：此处的more和上面一样，代表比较级。如：thericheryouare,thehappieryouwillbe.theharderyouwork,thebetteryourgradeswillbe.5.表示大多少，多多少，高多少等a+be+数量词+比较级+than+b.如：sheistwoyearsolderthanme她比我大两岁.6.表示倍数，a+be+数词+times+形容词比较级+than+bourroomistwicelargert

12、hantheirs.我们的房间是他们的两倍大。注：两倍为twice而不是twotimes.7.morethan多余，超过，相当于over；lessthan少于，不足。如：heismorethan(over)80yearsoldihavelessthanfiveyuan.使用比较级时常见的错误:(1)more不可修饰比较级，但是much可以用来加强比较级，意为“.的多”、“更.”。shelooksmoreyoungerthani.()shelooksmuchyoungerthani.()拓展：修饰比较级的词或词组除了书上所列举的much和alittle以外，还可以用alot,far,abit,a

13、little,many,still,even等，但一定不能用very，more，quite,too,so等.如：ifeelmuchbetternow.我现在感觉好多了。thisboxisalittleheavierthanthatone.这只箱子比那只箱子重一点儿。(2)比较的对象或范围出现错误。a、比较对象不对等：theweatherofshanghaiishotterthanbeijing.()(比较的对象应该是北京的天气，而不是北京）theweatherofshanghaiishotterthanthatofbeijing.()上海的天气比北京的热(that代天气)b、逻辑错误：从比较范

14、围上看，如果在同一范围内，形容词的比较级必须把自己排除掉，即自己不能与自己相比，而最高级必须包含自己。例如：1.他比他班的任何一个学生都高。误：heistallerthananystudentinhisclass.(he包括在anystudent里面)正：heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.(anyotherstudent里面已排除了he)2.这块手表是所有手表中最好的。误：thiswatchisthebestofalltheotherwatches.(alltheotherwatches不包含前面的thiswatch)正：thiswatchisth

15、ebestofallthewatches.(allthewatches包含前面的thiswatch)3.中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。误：chinaislargerthananycountryinasia.()(出现了逻辑上的错误，中国在亚洲范围内，应当排除在外)正：chinaislargerthananyothercountryinasia.()中国比亚洲别的国家要大。注意：如果不在同一范围内，比较级就不必把前面的主语排除掉。例如：shanghaiislargerthananycityinaustralia.上海比澳大利亚任何城市都大。(上海不属于澳大利亚，所以city前不必加other)试比

16、较：shanghaiislargerthananyothercityinchina.上海比中国任何一座城市都大三、最高级三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较，表示其中程度最高的比较形式需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：a+be+the形容词最高级+of/in+比较范围.(注:形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the)e.g.jackieisthetallestinourclass.orjackieisthetallestofallthestudents.须注意的情况：1、最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围（of或in短语可提前到句首）。of短语所指的范围通常是一群人或一些事

17、物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in。例如：heisthestrongestofthethree.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。heisthestrongestinourclass.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。2、形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the,而以下几种情况一般不需要加定冠词the:,（1）形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时最高级前不用the。如:theyellowriveristhesecondlongestriverinchina.黄河是中国第二长河。thechangjiangriveristhelongestriverinchina.长江是中

18、国第一大河。heisourbestteacher.他是我们最好的老师。（2）形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the。如:theyarehappiestonsaturdays.他们在星期六最快乐。（3）如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前不加the。如:heistheyoungestandtallestboyinhisclass.他是班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。3、表示“最.之一”，oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数。如：oneofthelargestcountries最大的国家之一,oneofthetallestpeople最高的人之

19、一注：副词最高级前常省略the。重点与难点：(1)tooto与so/suchthatsb.cant的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：themanwastooangrytobeabletospeak.=themanwassoangrythathewasntabletospeak.themilkwastoohottodrink.=themilkwassohotthatwecantdrinkit.theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=theboyissoyoungthathecantgototoschool.=heissuchayoun

20、gboythathecantgotoschool.(2)tooto与notenoughto句型的转换：heistooyoungtogetmarried.=heisnotoldenoughtogetmarried.thebookistoodifficultformetoread.=thebookisnoteasyenoughformetoread.附加练习:形容词比较级和最高级一、写出下列单词的反义词1.hot2.new_3.clean_4.high_5.heavy_6.cold_7.bad_二、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级old_busy_thin_long_wide_fat_heavy_u

21、nhappy_brightly_-_quickly_slow_few_badly_far_happy_-_many_5.delicious_三、用所给词的适当形式填空：1.bobis_(young)thanfredbut_(tall)thanfred.2.yingtianisnotas_(tall)asyongxian.3.almostallthestudentsfacesarethesamebutlideminglooks_(fat)thanbefore.4.whichis_(heavy),ahenorachicken?5.-how_(tall)issally?-shes1.55metres

22、_(tall).whataboutxiaoling?-shesonly1.40metres_(tall).sheismuch_(short)thansally.sheisalsothe_(short)girlintheclass.6.heis_(bad)atlearningmaths.heismuch_(bad)atchineseandheisthe_(bad)atenglish.7.anniesayssallyisthe_(kind)personintheworld.8.heisoneofthe_(friendly)peopleintheclass,ithink.9.adictionaryi

23、smuch_(expensive)thanastory-book.(10.anorangeiaalittle_(big)thananapple,butmuch_(small)thanawatermelon西瓜).11.misschenis_thanmr.wang.(popular)12.mr.linis_thanmr.brown.(sad)13.thebasketballis_thanthebaseball.(big)14.questionais_thanquestionb.(important)15.aroseis_thanaweed(野草).(beautiful)16.torontois_

24、cityincanada.(large)17.playingcomputergamesis_ofalltheactivities.(interesting).18.thenile(尼羅河)is_riverintheworld.(long)19.goodhealthis_thinglife.(important)20.takingataxiis_waytogettotheairport.(easy)21.test1is_ofallthetests.（difficult）22.heis_thananyotherboyintheclass.（clever）23.sheis_thanalltheoth

25、erstudents.(young)24.thewindowis_ofthetwo.(narrow)25.whereisthe_bus-stop?(near)26.heisoneof_politicians(政治家).(famous)27.tomdrivesmuch_thanjohn.(careful)28.thewhitefloweris_(beautiful).theyellowfloweris_(beautiful)thanthewhiteflower.theredfloweristhe_ofthethree.29.yourclassroomis_(wide)and_(bright)th

26、anours.30.isyoursister_(young)thanyou?yes,sheis.31.whois_(thin),youorhelen?helenis.32.fangfangisnotas_(tall)astheothergirls.33.myeyesare_(big)than_(she).34.whichis_(heavy),theelephantorthepig?35.johnsparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_(young)child.36.thisbookisnotas_(interesting)asthatone.37.satur

27、dayismy_(busy)dayinaweek.38.hermotherisgetting_(fat)and_(fat).39.ithinkitstooexpensive.idlikea_(cheap)one.40.hecomestoschoolmuch_(early)thani.41.-annieplaysthepianovery_(well).-sueplaysit_(well)thanannie.andsallyplaysitthe_(well).42.sueisalittle_(beautiful)thanhersister.43.myroomisnotas_(big)asmybro

28、thers.44.-howdifficultisphysics?-imnotsure.-isit_(difficult)thanmaths?-idontthinkso.45.mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch_(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe_(dangerous)animalintheworld.46.theapplesintheothershopareand.(cheap;good)47.manyofthestarsaresoawaythatwecantseethem.(far)48.theyangtzeriver(长江)isve

29、ry_(long).infact,its_riverinchina(long).49.the_(much),the_(good).50.nowadays(现在)englishis_(important)thananyothersubject,ithink.51.tomcanjump_(high).hejumps_(high)thantheotherboysinhisclass.52.janetsing_(well)inherclass.shecansing_(well)thanhermusicteacher,too.53.myfatheris_(handsome).butmybrotheris

30、_(handsome)thanhim.heis_(handsome)inmyfamily.54.ihave_(many)booksinmyclass.butmyteacherhas_(many)booksthan_(i).55.theirhouseismuch_(old)than_(we).56.shedances_(well)than_(he).57.hishouseare_(small)ofthefour.58.doeshermothergetup_(early)than_(you)?59.whicheats_(many),themouse,thedogorthehorse?60.whic

31、his_(heavy),ahenorachicken?61.ofthetwogirls,ifindlucythe_(clever).62.gold(黄金)is_(little)usefulthaniron(铁).63.practiceas_(much)asyoucan.64.mybrotheristwoyears_(old)thani/me65.the_(cheap)bagsarenotusuallythebestones.66.lideminglooks_(fat)thanbeforeafterthesummerholidays.67.theboyisnotso_(interesting)a

32、shisbrother.68.dicksings_(well),shesings_(well)thanjohn,butmarysings_(well)inherclass.69.shewillbemuch_(happy)inhernewhouse.70.aliceisnotas_(tall)asmike.四、选择题()1.sheis_than_.a.busier/usb.busier/ourc.morebusy/usd.morebusy/we()2.janeis_thanbetty.a.lesstallerb.lesstallestc.lesstalld.notastall()3.chinai

33、s_countryintheworld.a.thethirdlargestb.thelargestthirdc.thethirdlarged.athirdlargest()4.-whichis_seasoninbeijing?-ithinkitsautumn.a.goodb.betterc.bestd.thebest()5-whichis_,thesun,themoonortheearth?-ofcourse,themoonis.a.smallb.smallerc.smallestd.thesmallest()6.theairinbeijingisgettingmuch_nowthanafew

34、yearsago.a.cleanb.cleanerc.cleanestd.thecleanest()7.mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare_thanbefore.a.cheapb.cheaperc.cheapestd.thecheapest()8istudyenglishas_asmybrother.a.hardb.harderc.hardest()9.whichis_,abicycleoracomputer?a.expensiveb.moreexpensivec.themostexpensive()10.theyellowriverisoneof_

35、riversinchina.alongblongercthelongest()11hefeels_todaythanyesterday.a.tiredb.moretiredc.moretirederd.muchtired()12.whichdoyoulike_,coffee,teaormilk?a.theworstb.worsec.theworsed.worst()13.ofthetwotoys,thechildchose_.a.themoreexpensiveb.onemostexpensivec.aleastexpensived.themostexpensiveofthem()14.the

36、lineis_thanthatone.a.morelongerb.notlongerc.muchmorelongerd.manymorelonger()15.sheisthesecond_studentinourclass.a.tallb.tallerc.tallest()16.thebookis_ofthetwo.a.thinnerb.thethinnerc.morethinnerd.thethinnest()17.shelooks_thanshedoes.a.themoreolderb.veryolderc.mucholderd.moreolder()18.thegardenisbecom

37、ing_.a.morebeautifulandmoreb.morebeautifulandbeautifulc.moreandmorebeautifuld.morebeautifulandbeautifuler()19.theycompeted（比赛）toseewhocouldwork_.a.thefastestandbestb.thefasterandthebetterc.fastestandbetterd.fasterandbetter()20._hurry,_speed(欲速则不达).a.more,lessb.much,littlec.themore,thelessd.themuch,thelittle()21.thiskindofcoffeeisdifferent_.a.anditisalsobetterb.andbetterthantheotherc.butalsothanothersd.fromtheother,andbetter()22.theearthis_themoon.a.as49timesbigasb.49timesasbiggerasc.49timesasbigasd.asbigas49timeskeys:acaddbbabcbdabcbccacdc五、翻译句子：1本书跟那本书一样有趣。thisbookis_thatone.2你游泳没有你弟弟好。