作后置定语的短语及非谓语动词的归类

1、作后置定语的短语及非谓语动词的归类一、 作后置定语的短语源自于原定语从句。a、 形容词短语a problem (which/that is) difficult to solve.hard to work out.easy to handle.an actor (who/that is) famous for his fine acting. as master. to us all.a rich man (who/that is) content/satisfied/pleased with what he has.a king (who/that is ) proud of his suc

2、cess.=(taking pride in his success.)the student (who/that is ) anxious to keep up with others.a school (which/that is ) far away from here.the house (which/that is ) different from ours.the word (which/that is ) common to most languages.something (that is) wrong with the watch.(=the matter / the tro

3、uble with the watch.)the teacher (who/that is ) responsible for the class.(=in charge of the class.)a basket (which/that is ) full of eggs.(=filled with eggs.)a boy (who/that is) eager to go.(=anxious to go.)a man (who/that is) ready to die for justice.a man (who/that is ) afraid of making enemies.(

4、=afraid to make enemies.)books (which/that are) easy to digest.a state (which/that is) similar to mine.an opinion (which/that is) contrary to ours.a man (who/that is) often forgetful his promise.customs (which/that is) peculiar to japanese.a condition (which/that is) unfavourable to the enterprise.a

5、 girl (who/that is) ashamed of playing so badly.a city (which/that is) well-known for its hot spring.b、 介词短语a man (who/that is ) of honour.(= an honoured man.= an honorable man )a mountain (which /that is ) of great height (= a very high mountain)a matter (which/that is ) of no importance (= an unim

6、portant matter)a child (who/that is ) without home (= a homeless child)the man (who/that is ) at the door.the book (which/that is) on the desk.the shop (which/that is ) opposite the post office.a man (who/that is) with curly hair.a specialist in chest disease.anxiety about your safety.satisfaction w

7、ith your workinterest in your studyideas behind the timesthe man in chargeno thought about getting marriedno trouble about smokinga lecture about smokinghis dream about becoming richa proposal about building a bridgethe news at home and abroadconcern at hearing the newsdisappoint at not having recei

8、ved an invitationpride at meeting tom againexcitement at hearing the wordthe reason for doing it medicine for curing foolsc、 名词词组和副词词组等a desk (which/that is ) two metres in widethe place (which/that is to the ) east of chinachildren as young as sevenpeople more than sixtythe men over thered、 后置和前置问题

9、有些形容词作定语时必须后置what else/more do you want to say?= is there anything else/more you want to say?nothing else/more.anywhere quiet.有些形容词作定语时可后置也可前置i have enough money to buy the car.=i have money enough to buy the car.i have just come from the nearby village.=i have just come from the village nearby.do y

10、ou see the opposite house?=do you see the house opposite?而副词作定语只能后置the statement below people inside the bridge thereour life abroad the distance across a day offin january last/next on friday next on the day followingin time past the trend now the world today and tomorrow而有些词前置或后置时会产生不同意义the concer

11、ned (担忧的) mother the mother concerned (有关提到的)the present (现在的) members the members present(在场的)the involved (复杂的) issues the issues involved(牵涉的)the responsible (可靠的) man the man responsible (负责的)二、 作后置定语源自于主谓（即实意动词）或主谓宾的定语从句可以缩短成以下五种非谓语动词形式。五种形式： to do / to be donedoingdone / being donea、1.to do 和t

12、o be done 作为不定式一般都表示尚未发生之事。 we still have a long way to go.=we still have a long way which / that we must go =we still have a long way (for us) to go.he had a lot of words to say to him.=he had a lot of words which/that he would say to him.=he had a lot of words (for him) to say to him.=he had a lot

13、 of words which/that would be said to him.=he had a lot of words to be said to him.2.但有例外。如果先行词为序数词或形容词最高级，定语从句中的动作已发生，缩为非谓语动词时仍用不定式。he was the first who broke the world record. = he was the first to break the world record.she was always the first who came here and the last who left here.=she was al

14、ways the first to come here and the last to leave here.inside the capsule was john glenn, the first american to sail around the earth in space.china was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.in 1964, king won the nobel peace prize.he was only thirty-four years old-

15、the youngest man to ever receive this high honour.3.to do 既可以是关系代词作主语也可以是关系代词作宾语的定语从句的省略形式。he is the very man to do the work. = he is the very man who(作主语) can do the work.i have a lot of things to do. = i have a lot of things that/which(作宾语) i must do.= i have a lot of things (for me) to do. 4.当to

16、do 是关系代词作宾语的定语从句的省略形式而后带有介词时，就必须考虑关系代词是作动词还是介词的宾语。there are so many books that/which i can choose from.=there are so many books for me to choose from.this book is as good as that one so it is hard for me to choose.in the dark street there was nobody whom/who/that/省略 we can ask for help.=in the dark

17、street there was nobody whom/who/that/省略 we can turn to for help.5.to do 这一动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面则要续不同介词。由此可能会产生不同之意义。i have nothing to write.=i have nothing that i can write.(及物动词) 我无东西(素材)可写。i have nothing to write in.=i have nothing that i can write in.(不及物动词)我没有墨水可写。i have nothing to wr

18、ite with.=i have nothing that i can write with.(不及物动词)我没笔可写。i have nothing to write on.=i have nothing that i can write on.(不及物动词)我没有信纸可写。6.to be done是关系代词作主语并为将来时被动语态即动作尚未发生时而变为简单句的非谓语动词形式。is this the watch which will be repaired tomorrow?=is this the watch to be repaired tomorrow?the machine which

19、 will be shipped out is made in china.=the machine to be shipped out is made in china.he is the man who will be praised at the meeting tomorrow.=he is the man to be praised at the meeting tomorrow. b、doing 是关系代词作主语并为进行时，过去时或现在时主动语态，即动作已发生而变为简单句的非谓语动词形式。the plant will be able to grow in soil which co

20、ntains salt water.=the plant will be able to grow in soil containing salt water.the financial problems forced her to sell a meat number of letters and manusvripts which belong to her famous father.= the financial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manusvripts belonging to her famous father.do you know the man who nodded to me just now?=do you know the man nodding to me just now?who is the man that is standing beside jack?=who is the man standing beside jack?c、done是用于关系代词作主语，并为过去时现在时的被动语态，即动作已发生而变为简单句的非谓语动词。 being done 则