博士研究生考试

1、Paper One（注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效。）Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: There are 30 in complete senten ces in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the senten ce. Then mark the corresp onding letter onAnswer Sheet I

2、with a si ngle line through the cen ter.1. Hes color-blind and canthe difference between red and green easily.A. detectB. discover2. As many as 100 species of fish, some polluti on.A. unu sualB. particular3. In her bright yellow coat, she was easily_A. accessibleB. ide ntifiable4. Some people find t

3、hat certa in foodsA. in troduceB. triggerC. dist in guishD. determ ineto these waters, may have bee n affected by theC. typicalD. uniquein the crowd.C. n egligibleD. i ncredibletheir headaches.C. sum monD. create5. The workers chose to their dissatisfacti on in a series of strikes.A. deliverB. offer

4、C. mani festD. in dicate6. Living with a roommate constraints on he一一 she couldn t play her trumpetaveparties late at ni ght.A. imposedB. illustratedC. impressedD. left7. I don tk now how to get there eitherperhaps we better a map.A. noteB. markC. con sultD. draft8. I n theof rece nt in cide nts, we

5、 are ask ing our customers to take particular care of theirbel ongin gs.A. processB. compa nyC. lightD. form9. The police are doing all they can to bring those resp on sible for the bomb ing toA. evide nceB. heari ngC. justiceD. rule10. The programme aims to make the count in food and to cut en ergy

6、 imports.A. self-c on fide ntB. self-sufficie ntC. self-satisfiedD. self-restra ined11. I thi nk Id like to stay at home this evening going out as it is raining so heavily.A. belter tha nB. other tha nC. rather tha nD. sooner tha n12. The public can rest that detectives are doing everyth ing possibl

7、e to find the murderer.A. assuredB. approvedC. guara nteedD. convin ced13. The child s bad behavior is often no more than a way of trying to his mother atte nti on away from his sister.A. reflectB. catchC. deflectD. reduce14. The small buildi ng was marked with a modest brass, stati ng the n ame and

8、 bus in ess ofthe occupiers.A. plaqueB. plateauC. plagueD. plaster15. I don t know what all thewas aboutit was a dull sort of a film and there wasalmost no sex in it.A. con troversyB. con versati onC. discussi onD. illumi natio n16. I missed the last flight, and decided to stay the ni ght at the air

9、port.A. howeverB. thereforeC. moreoverD. mean while17. You could be many dan gers by travelli ng alone in that area.A. subject toB. im mune toC. sen sitive toD. resista nt to18. She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could, the pleasure.A. delay ingB. prolongingC. i nsisti ngD. i ndulgi

10、 ng19. The can didate has an impressivelyA. diverseB. vividrange of in terests and experie nee.C. mobileD. alive20. When I was sent to pris on, I really felt I had my pare ntD. let . aloneA. let . offB. let . dow nC. let . out“ Jj l_ ”ItOapgrwal21. Heoutrage by call ing the TV programmesA. provokedB

11、. evokedC. revokedD. inv oked22. The gover nment is trying to the people into thinking that a war is n ecessary.A. en lighte nB. i nv olveC. orie ntD. brain wash23. All the questi ons around what she had bee n doing on the ni ght of the robbery.A. dissolvedB. revolvedC. evolvedD. devolved24. Make su

12、re you re him before you start sharing a house.A. synonym ous withB. compatible withC. subordi nate toD. aut onom ous of25. She said that the treatme nt she had received in the hospital had completelyher of herdig nity.D. con trived“ a vaincman andD. actualA. thrivedB. suspe ndedC. deprived26. She w

13、as uni mpressed by the actor, describ ing him asA. i nten sivelyB. i nte nselyC. dow nright27. dow n tha n the teleph one rang.A. Not until I layB. No soo ner had I lainC. Hardly had I lainD. Scarcely did I lie28. Im sorry Im lateI had a menta and forgot that we would have a meeti ng today.s beA. ab

14、erratio nB. perversi onC. imbala neeD. san ity29ignored an old woman who asked me for money in the street yesterday and it on myever since.A. moralityB. con scie neeC. moraleD. ratio nale30. He saw uni versity as a com munity of scholars, where stude nts were by teachers intoan appreciati on of diff

15、ere nt philosophical approaches.A. extractedB. deductedC. in ductedD con ductedPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions:There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed sen ten ces. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, a

16、nd D. Choose the best an swer and the n mark the corresp onding letter oA nswer Sheet I with a sin gle line through the cen ter.I am running down an alley with a stolen avocado, having climbed over a white brick fence and into the forbidde n back yard of a carefully mani cured estate at the comer of

17、 El Dorado and Cresce nt Drive in Beverly Hills, Calif. I have sn atched a rock-hard Fuerte avocado from one of the three avocado trees n ear the fen ce. I have bee n told that many ferocious dogs patrol the groun ds; they are killers, these dogs. I am defy ing them. They are no where to be found, e

18、xcept in my mind, and Im out and gone and in the alley with their growls directing my imagination. I am running with fear and exhilarati on, beg inning a period of summer.Emerg ing from the shield of the alley I cut out into the ope n. Summer is about running, and I am running, protected by dista ne

19、e from the dogs. At the comer of Cresce nt Drive and Lomitas I spot Bobby Tornitzer on a bike. I shout rnitzer! He turns his head. His bike wobbles. An automobile movi ng rapidly catches Tornitzer s back wheelrrtitzer is throw n high in to the air and on to the con crete sidewalk of Cresce nt Drive.

20、 The driver, a woma n with gray hair, swirls from the car hysterically and hovers noisily over Tornitzer, who will not survive the accide nt. I hold the avocado to my chest and sta nd, froze n, across the street. I am shiveri ng in the heat, and sink to my kn ees. It is approximately 3:30 in the aft

21、er noon. It is June 21, 1946. In seve n days I will be 8 years old.31. The best title for this story could be .A. SummerB. Killer DogsC. My Eighth BirthdayD. The Alley32. The main image in paragraph 1 is of a young boy .A. climbing a white brick fences.B. sn atchi ng avocados.C. running with fear an

22、d exhilarati on.D. defy ing ferocious dogs.33. The main image in paragraph 2 is ofA. Tornitzer riding his bike.B. exhilaration turning into horror.C. the 7-year-old emerging from the alley.D. the hysteria of the woma n driver.34. The story starts with the feeli ng of and ends with the feeli ng of .A

23、. joyful acti on .horrified in acti onB. runnin g.sta ndingC. being alon e.be ing with othersD. being out in the ope n.shiveri ng in the heat35. The phrase “shivering in the heat ” dramatically describes shockthroughA. the use of minute detail.B. the un expected comb in ati on of hot and cold.C. its

24、 implied referenee to the word“ frozen ”.D. the con trast of death and play.Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly in structed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are

25、 discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a n ewsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point tha n it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the bus in essof blow ing bubbles,

26、refi ned it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumpi ng in to them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if an

27、ything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: It won stand much blowing up, and it won t stand much pok in g. It has a certa in fragility, an evasive ness, which one had best respect. Esse ntially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter bec

28、oming hysterical and uncon trollable, is as far out of bala nee as one shake n with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sn eez ing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad people -clow ns with a break ing heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly s

29、tated. It would be more accurate, I thi nk, to say that there is a deep vein of melahnoly running through every one s life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it activelyand positively. Humorists fatte n on trouble. They have always made trouble pay.

30、They straggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign Ianguages, fighting folding ironing boards and swolle n drain pipes, sufferi ng the terrible discomfort of tight boots (or as Josh Billing

31、s wittily called them,“tite ” boots). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form this not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.36. The cen tral theme of this essay is:A. There is little humor in old n ewsreel.B

32、. Humor can be dissected like a frog.C. Humor is esse ntially a mystery, and because humorists are more aware of mela ncholy, they seem sadder tha n most people.D. Humorists n eed to compe nsate for the pai n they have suffered37. The main idea of paragraph 2 is:A. The author once saw a picture of t

33、he largest soap bubble ever made.B. The bubble blow ing performa nee was a repulsive sight.C. Humor is fragile.D. Laughter is not a measure of humor.38. Why does the author feel that whe n humor is dissected, it dies in the process?A. The fun in humor lies in exam ining its conten ts.B. Humor must t

34、antalize the senses on impa if it has to be explained, it loses its effect.C. Humor is best enjo yed by people with scie ntific min ds.D. A good humorist should expla in his or her joke to make sure every one un dersta nds it.39. The wordStencholy” in paragraph 3 probably mean .A. joyB. sadnessC. hy

35、steriaD. exhilarati on40. In his final senten ce, the author is evok ing an image of .A. the ocea nB. sparkli ng gemsC. high tideD. flow ing waterEvery time an old buildi ng is torn dow n in this coun try, and a new build ing goes up, the ground floor becomes a bank.The reason for this is that banks

36、 are the only ones who can afford the rent for the ground floor of the new build ings going up. Besides, whe n a bank loa ns some one money to build a new building, it usually takes an option for the street-floor facilities.Most people don t think there is anything wrong with this and they accept it

37、 as part of the America n free-e nterprise system. But there is a small group of people in this country who are fighting for Bank Birth Control.This is how Huddlestone Hubbard, the BBC s chairman, explained it“ Whe never you see an old build ing ton dow n, ” Hubbard said, “ you usually see a candy s

38、tore, a dry cleaner, a delicatessen, and possibly a florist torn down with it. These shops are all replaced in the new buildings with a beautiful glass, aluminum, wall-to-wall-carpeted money factory.“ Now from an aesthetic viewpoint, a bank looks better than a fry cleaner, a candy store, adelicatess

39、en and a florist. But from a practical point of view, it sna sheer disaster.newspaper, a candy bar or a chocolate milk shake, you can t get it at a bank. Nor can you iout to a bank for a pound of Swiss cheese and a six-pack of beer whe n have guests coming over.“A bank is great if you want to buy a

40、car but it s useleysiif want to have your dress clea ned.“And while a bank might buy flowers to give itself a human image, it doesn t selyou want to make up with your wife.”“What you re saying then, Mr. Hubbard, is that every time a bank goes up, something in all of us dies. ”“ Exactly. One of the r

41、easons kids are getting in so much trouble these days is that there areno candy stores to hang around anym ore. Whe n they tear dow n a delicatesstee tangy smells of potato salad, corned beef and dill pickles are lost forever. Un less you re tryi ng to make a loan, no one ever salivates in a bank.”“

42、It is true I said.“Thesituation is more crucial than anyone thinks,” Hubbard said, “athe rate they re tearing down consumer stores and replacing them with banks, we estimate that in ten years it will be impossible to buy a loaf of bread in the coun try. What good is it to get 7 perce nt on your mone

43、y if you starve to death?“Then what you re saying is that it isn t a question of not takingqtiwsthonu. Itof stay ing alive while you have it, ” I said.“ Something like that, ” Hubbard Weeredtrying to get the public to wake up to the fact that it s better to have a store that sells screwdrivers than

44、a bank that gives away alarm clocks.“ What s the solutio n? ”“ A gover nment decree that a bank has to supply the same services of the stores it tore, down on the same property. If its a bakery, they have to sell cake; ift s a photography shthey have to develop films; and if its a dry-goods store, t

45、hey have to sell warm underwear. If they provide the services of the stores they tore down, then we ll let them do a little money leon the side”41. The cen tral theme of the essay is:A. Practically every new commercial build ing erected today is owned by a bank.B. Banks are attempting to drive small

46、 merchants out of service.C. New banks are not assets to a neighborhood in spite of their attractive appearanee.D. By occupy ing ground floor space in new buildi ngs, banks are replaci ng n eighborhood shopp ing convenien ces42. This essay is writte n in a tone of .A. humorous exaggerati onB. humoro

47、us un derstateme ntC. serious an gerD. serious fear of the future43. The author talks about the“ Bank BirthgJoupnblecaus .A. it is the n ame of a real groupB. he hopes to become its preside ntC. he is being humorous to make his pointD. he is in favor o f all kinds of birth con trol44. The attitude o

48、f the author toward small n eighborhood stores is that th A. are dirtyB. are convenient and colorfulC. should be replaced by banksD. should become supermarkets45. The author makes his point by usingA. satireB. dramaC. roma neeD. poetry(4)“”What if our society uses n ew-fo und tech no logies ofe neti

49、c engin eeri nQ to in terfere with the biological n ature of huma n bein gs? Might that not be disastrous?What about cloning, for in sta nee?Cloning is a term origi nally used in conn ecti on with non sexual reproduct ion of pla nts and very simple animals. Now it is coming into use in connection wi

50、th higher animals, since biologists are finding ways of starti ng with an in dividual cell of a grow n animal and in duc ing it to multiply into ano ther grow n ani mal. Un doubtedly, if permitted, huma n being can be cloned in the same way in the future.But is clo ning a safe thi ng to uni eash on

51、society? Might it not be used for destructive purposes? For instanee, might not some ruling group decide to clone their submissive, dow ntrodde n peasa ntry, and thus produce en dless hordes of semi-robots who will slave to keep a few in luxury and who may eve n serve as en dless ranks of soldiers d

52、esig ned to conq uer the rest of the world?A dreadful thought, but an unn ecessary fear. For one thi ng, there is no n eed to clone for the purpose. The ordinary method of reproducti on produces all the huma n beings that are n eeded and as rapidly as is n eeded. Right now, the ordinary method is pr

53、oduci ng so many people as to put civilizati on in dan ger of imminent destructi on. What more can cloning do?Secon dly, un skilled semi-robots cannot be successfully pitted aga inst the skilled users of machi nes, either on farms, in factories or in armies. Any n atio n depe nding on dow ntrodde n

54、masses will find itself an easy mark for exploitati on by a less populous but more skilled and versatile society. This has happe ned in the past ofte n eno ugh.But even if we forget about self-hordes, what about the cloning of a relatively few in dividuals? There are rich people who could afford the

55、 expe nse, or politicia ns who could have the in flue nee for it, or the gifted who could un dergo it by popular dema nd. There can be two of a particular ban ker or gover nor or scie ntistor threeor a thousa nd. Might this notcreate a kind of privileged caste, who would reproduce themselves in grea

56、ter and greater nu mbers, and who would gradually take over the world?Before we grow concerned about this, we must ask whether there will really be any great dema nd for clo ning. Would you want to be cion ed? The new in dividual formed from your cell will have your genes and therefore your appeara

57、nee and, possibly, tale nts, buhe will not be yon. The clone will be, at best, merely your identical twin. Identical twins share the same gen etic patter n, but they each have their own in dividuality and are separate pers ons.Cloning is not a pathway to immortality, the n, becauseour eon scious ness doeeot survive in your clone, any more tha n it would in your ide ntical twin if you had one.In fact, your clone would be far less tha n your ide ntical twin. What shapes and forms a pers on ality is not genes alone, but all the en vir onment to which i