运城市达隆商城钢筋混凝土工程冬季施工方案

1、运城市达隆商城2#、5#、6#、7#、10#、12#楼钢筋混凝土工程冬季施工方案福建建工集团总公司2005年10月工程冬季施工方案一、施工准备1、组织措施在入冬前组织专人编编制冬季施工方案。方案确定后，要组织有关人员学习，并向队组织进行交底。进入冬季施工前，对掺外加剂人员、测量保温人员、锅炉工和火炉管理人员，专门组织技术业务培训，学习本工作范围内的有关知识，明确职责，经考试合格后，方准上岗工作。与当地气象台站保持联系，及时接收天气预报，防止寒流突然袭击。安排专人测量施工期间的室外气温，暖棚内气温，砂浆、混凝土的温度并作好记录。2、现场准备根据实物工程提前组织有关机具、外加剂和保温材料进场。搭建

2、加热用的锅炉房、搅拌站，敷设管道，对锅炉进行试火试压，对各种加热的材料、设备要检查其安全可靠性。工地的临时供水管道做好保温防冻工作。做好冬季施工混凝土、砂浆及掺外加剂的试配试验工作，提出施工配合比。3、安全与防火冬季施工时，要采取防滑措施。大雪后必须将架子上的积雪清扫干净，并检查马道平台，如有松动下沉现象，务必及时处理。施工时如接触热水，要防止烫伤，使用氯化钙、漂白粉时，要防止腐蚀皮肤。亚销酸钠有剧毒，要严加保管，防止发生误食中毒。现场火源，要加强管理，使用天然气、煤气时，要防止爆炸，使用焦炭炉、煤炉或天然气，应注意通风换气，防止煤气中毒。电源开关，控制箱等设施要加锁，并设专人负责管理，防止漏

3、电触电。二、砌体工程砌体工程的冬季施工方法，采用外加剂法。将砂浆的拌合水预先加热，砂和石灰膏（粘土膏）在搅拌前也保持正温，使砂浆经过搅拌、运输，于砌筑时具有5以上正温。在拌合水中渗入防冻剂，砂浆在砌筑后可以在负温条件下硬化，因此不必采取防止砌体沉降变形的措施。另进入冬期施工，平均气温低于5时，砖不再浇水湿润。当日最低气温等于或低于-15时，对砌筑承重砌体的砂浆强度按常温施工时提高一级。普通砖在正温度条件下砌筑时，砖适当浇水湿润，可用喷壶随浇随砌。在负温度下砌筑时砖不浇水，但砖表面的灰砂、冰雪必须清除。三、钢筋工程1、负温冷弯当温度低于-20时，严禁对低合金级钢筋进行冷弯操作，以避免在钢筋弯点处

4、发生强化，造成钢筋脆断。2、钢筋负温焊接冬季在负温条件下焊接钢筋，尽量安排在室内进行。如必须在室外焊接，其环境温度不宜低于-20，风力超过3级时应有挡风措施，焊接后未冷却的接头，严禁碰到冰雪。负温闪光对焊，采用预热内闪光焊或闪光一预热一闪光焊工艺。负温闪光对焊，与常温焊接相比，采取以下措施：1）调伸长增加10%20%，以利于增大加热范围，增加热储备量，降低冷却速度，改善接头性能。2）电焊机变压器级数应降低12级，以能保证闪光顺利为准。3）在闪光过程开始，可将钢筋接触几次，使钢筋温度上升，以利于闪光过程顺利进行，溶化过程中期的速度适当减慢。4）预热时的接触压力适当提高，预热间歇时间适当增长。钢筋

5、负温闪光对焊宜选用下表的参数：钢筋直径（）变压器级数（）调伸长度（）一次闪光留量（）预热留量（）二次闪光留量（）预锻留量（）见红区长度（）12141820252832vvv、vv、v3033353710e3e3e3e23344589101055656672025253025303035注：1、e钢筋端部不对，两钢筋出部分的长度 2、表中焊接参数适用于lp-75型对焊机钢筋负温电弧焊时，可参考下表选择焊接参数，焊接时必须防止产生过热、烧伤、咬肉和裂纹缺陷，在构造上防止在接头产生偏心受力状态。焊接种类钢筋直径（）焊缝层数平焊立焊焊接速度（/min）焊条直径（）焊接电流（a）焊条直径（）焊接电流（a

6、）帮条搭接101413.24.01301401501703.24.09011011013090100162023.24.01301401501703.24.0901101101408090224034.05.01501701802403.24.01001201401807090坡口224013.21401603.2120130224023.24.01401601601803.24.0120130150170为防止接头热影响区的温度梯度突然增大，进行帮条电弧焊或搭接电弧焊时，第一层焊缝，先从中间引弧，再向两端运弧，立焊时，先从中间向上方运弧，再从下端向中间运弧。以使接头端部的钢筋达到一定的预热效

7、果。在以后各层焊缝的焊接时，采取分层控温施焊，层间温度控制在150350之间，以起到缓冷的作用。帮条焊时帮条与主筋之前和四点定位焊固定，搭接时用两点固定，定位焊缝应离帮条或搭接端部20以上。帮条焊条与搭接焊的焊缝厚度应不小于0.3位钢筋直径，焊缝宽度不小0.7倍钢筋直径。级钢筋电弧焊接头进行多层施焊时，采用“回火焊道施焊法”，即最后回火焊道的长度比前层焊道在两端各缩短46，以消除或减少前层焊道及过热区的淬硬组织，以改善接头的性能。负温自动电渣压力焊接步骤与常温相同，但焊接参数需作适当调整。其中焊接电流的大小，应根据钢筋直径和焊接时的环境温度而定。因此应适当增加焊接电流。焊接通电时间也应根据钢筋

8、直径和环境温度调整，应适当加大通电时间。钢筋负温自动电渣压力焊的焊接参数可参考下表：钢筋直径()焊接温度()待添加的隐藏文字内容3焊接电流(a)焊接通电时间(s)渣池电压(v)12正温-10-20250350350450550650121315253516正温-10-20300400400500600700161719254020正温-10-20350450450550650750202123254522正温-10-20400550500650700850222325254625正温-10-20450600550700800900252729255028正温-10-20500650600750

9、90010003032342560在负温度条件下进行电渣压力焊时，接头药盒拆除的时间宜延长2min左右，接头的渣壳宜延长5min，方可打渣。四、混凝土工程1、基本要求在冬季施工中必须防止混凝土在硬化初期遭受冻害，并尽早获得强度。冬季施工的混凝土，应甲方要求选用普通硅酸盐水泥。水泥标号不宜低于42.5号，每立方米混凝土中的水泥用量不宜少于300kg，水灰比不应大于0.6。并加入早强剂。为了减少冻害，将配合比中的用水量降低至最低限度。办法是：控制坍落度，加入减水剂，优先选用高效减水剂。为了防止钢筋锈蚀，在钢筋混凝土中，砼中外加剂选用无盐型;以保证钢筋不被锈蚀。模板和保温层，在混凝土冷却到5后方可拆

10、除。当混凝土与外界温差大于20时，拆模后的混凝土表面，进行临时覆盖，使其缓慢冷却。2、混凝土的拌制混凝土原材料加热应优先采用加热水的方法，当加热水仍不能满足要求时，再对骨料进行加热。但水泥不得与60以上热水直接接触。投料时应先投入骨料和水，最后才投入水泥。水泥储存在暖棚内，不得直接加热。骨料必须清洁，不得含有冰雪和冻块，以及易冻裂的物质。严格控制混凝土水灰比，由骨料带入的水分及外加剂溶液中的水分均从拌合水用量中扣除。拌制掺有外加剂的混凝土时，搅拌时间应取常温搅拌时间的1.5倍。混凝土拌合物的出机温度不宜低于10，入模温度不得低于5。3、混凝土的运输和浇筑冬季施工运输混凝土拌合物，应使热量损失尽

11、量减少，采取下列措施：1）正确选择放置搅拌机的地点，尽量缩短运距，选择最佳的运输路线。2）正确选择运输容器的形式、大小和保温材料。3）减少装卸次数并合理组织装入，运输和卸出混凝土的工作。混凝土在浇筑前，清除模板和钢筋上的冰雪和污垢，装运拌合物的容器有保温措施。4、蓄热法养护将混凝土的组成材料进行加热然后搅拌，在经过运输、振捣后仍具有一定温度，浇筑后的混凝土周围用保温材料严密覆盖。利用这种预加热量和水泥的水化热量，使混凝土缓慢冷却，并在冷却过程中逐渐硬化。当混凝土温度降到0时可达到抗冻临界强度或预期的强度要求。保温层敷设后要注意防潮和防止透风，对于构件的边棱，端部和 角要特别加强保温，新浇混凝土

12、与已硬化混凝土连接处，为避免热量的传导损失，必要时应采取局部加热措施。根据本工程特点，砼冬期施工采用以下具体措施：1）砼搅拌机搭设暖相同；水泥入库且库内取暖，保证库内温度不低于5。2）砼拌制用水应加热，水温80，以保证砼出机温度不低于10，入模温度不低于5。3）温度低于0时，砼中掺早强防冻剂。4）框架柱模板外用草连覆盖，柱砼施工完毕后，柱头处用草连覆盖。5）气温低于-5时，梁板砼施工前将本层外围用彩条布围护封闭，楼层内生火保温；梁、板砼浇筑时，砼分段浇筑完毕后用塑料布覆盖其上，并在上面覆盖草连或麻袋。6）砼拌制时掺外加剂砼搅拌时间不小于120s。7）注意天气变化，如有雨、雪，应对砂、石等材料进

13、行覆盖，以免砂、石受冻结块，无法施工。8）砼随拌制随浇捣，施工面不要太大，及时振捣并覆盖保温。9）拌制时采用热水，先上砂、石骨料拌和，然后再加水泥搅拌。5、屋面工程屋面工程的冬季施工，应选择无风晴朗天气进行，充分利用日照条件提高面层温度，在迎风面宜设置活动的挡风装置。屋面各层施工前，将基层上面的积雪、冰霜和杂物清扫干净。所用材料不得含有冰雪冻块。用沥青胶结的整体保温层和板状保温层应在气温不低于10时施工，用水泥、石灰或乳化沥青胶结的整体保温层和板状保温层应在气温不低于5时施工，如气温低于上述要求，应采取保温防冻措施。雪天和五级以上天气不得施工。找平层为水泥砂浆时，砂浆的强度等级不得小于m5，砂

14、浆中可掺入氯化钠作防冻剂。当采用涂料做防水层时必须使用溶剂型涂料，施工时气温不应低于-5。employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you thin

15、k that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal m

16、ay reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit,

17、 the tribunal will not usually accept it.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under

18、 an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represented by a solicitor at t

19、he tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you are thinking about si

20、gning up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.f

21、or more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier le

22、ague match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist beh

23、aviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist

24、 insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy,

25、in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深

26、浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high school, thou

27、ght to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school chil

28、dren of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东

29、西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time

30、.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a

31、lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那

32、些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the enc

33、ounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important

34、 role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather li

35、ves. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.below, the earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimmin