上海市黄浦区二模试题及答案

1、黄浦区 2016 年高考模拟考英语试卷（完卷时间： 120 分钟满分：150 分）2016 年 4 月 14 日下午第 I 卷（共 103分）II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper fo

2、rm of the given word; for the other blanks,?use one word that best fits each blank.(A)GarlicGarlic, a common seasoning found in many different types of food, has a long medical andmythical history. References to garlic (25)_(find) in Chinese texts that are dated as farback as 3000 BC. The physician

3、Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece (26)_(treat)infections and physical disorders. In many parts of ancient world, garlic was thought to avoid unfriendly spirits, treat wounds (27)_ _ _ protect against disease.Roman soldiers believed that garlic brought them courage and energy. They took it wi

4、th them when they went into battle. Egyptians fed garlic to their servants when they built pyramids. They thought that it gave the workers strength. They also believed that garlic had magical and medicinal powers in the Middle Ages, people thought that garlic prevented the plague( 瘟疫 ).People have p

5、raised the virtues of garlic for centuries. Garlics popularity began to decline inthe early years of the twentieth century, but its reputation (28)_(restore) in recent years.It is now a valuable cash crop in the state of California. Nearly a half-billion pounds of garlic areproduced there each year.

6、 The city ofGilroy, California,considers (29)_ thegarliccapital of the world. Each year, the city hosts the Gilroy Garlic Festival in honor of the crop.Some doctors are studying garlic s effects as a defense (30)_ some forms of cancer.Others are exploring its possibilities fortreating arthritis.Garl

7、ic has also received praisefor itsability to lower high levels of cholesterol(胆固醇 ).(31)_ some ofthe medicinalbenefits ofgarlichave yet to be proven, itiscertain(32)_ many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food.(B)The illegal sale and use of drugsDespite the respect of most Americans for law

8、and the determination of the legal system to protect the rights of individuals, the United States, like all other countries, does experience crime. Especially in large cities, the crime rate (33)_ be high.A high percentage of crime in the United States is directly related to the illegal sale and use

9、 of drugs. Drugs are smuggled into the country by (34)_(organize) groups despite intenseefforts by the government to stop the illegal drug trade. Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of (35)_(challenging) social problems facing the nation. The drug issuealways excites strong emotion

10、s of American (36)_ drug abuse is regarded as a majorthreat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem as it has (37)_ wide range of social costs. For example, drug is closely related with crime,automobile accidents. Those (38)_become addicted to drug us

11、e sometimes rob orbreak into houses or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs. It has serious effects on individualsphysically and mentally,(39)_ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.Drug use has caused great concern in the United States. The federal government has worked hard to s

12、top the (40)_(grow) of drug plants in other countries. It has also set upspecial agencies, sometimes working with agencies from other nations, to catch the smugglersoutside and inside the United States. Teachers and many citizens work together to teach children about the dangers of drug use. Many go

13、vernment agencies in the states and private citizen groups work to help drug addicts give up their drug use and turn to useful lives. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. low

14、eringB. conditionsC. warningD. seeminglyE. inconclusiveF. frequentlyG. reactionsH. alternativeI. interestinglyJ. propertiesK. mixingNot so far in the distant past a study on water pollutionfound that common, everydaymakeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water

15、. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer andother serious health 41 . What sthe key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ， appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-m

16、ade perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If th

17、e chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your bloodpressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in thetests were so small. However,withover 60 chemicals being found, many ofwhic

18、hwerenon-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may beenough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions,46unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfu

19、mes inparticular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘 ) and other sensitive47. Somegroups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place48labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful49to commercial fragrances.They also have other properties and

20、 effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun.Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pur

21、e essential oils.III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Education plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply imp

22、acts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence ofsociety on education, we must51society.Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It ischaracterized by patterns ofrelationships between individuals.

23、 It isa groupofindividuals who52a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear thatwe human beings are its building53. As we interact withpeople, try to understand theirthinking styles and54patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them.S

24、ociety is the greatest55of education. Don tyou think so?Wecannot56the impact ofsociety ontheeducationsystem alone. Weneedtounderstand the role of society in the57development ofan individual.Even before webecome a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during thepr

25、ocess of formal education, we58take non-formal from society. Yes, our interactionswith our fellow-beings, ourobservations about theirsocial behaviour and our understandingofsocialnorms59us tofacelife. True,educational60,like schools,colleges anduniversities play averyimportant role in oureducation.

26、But, we cannot ignore the fact that welearn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to saythat the61process oflearning beginsat a point,whichmarks theend ofinstitutionaleducation. Learning, as anindividual,fromyourinteraction withsociety, isavitalpartofedu

27、cation.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively.Socialinequalitiesand unhealthyeducationalpractices are some of the62influencesofsociety on our lives. Customs and traditions63certain sections of society from exercisingtheir fundamental rights and

28、 block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of educaiotnand social awareness. Some social groups deny women s rightto education, whileothers forcechildren to work, depriving ( 剥夺 ) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic

29、 human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata（阶层） of society form progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it64thepurpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who65the society. It isentirely in our hands whether to add value to our ed

30、ucation or devalue it.51.A. knowB. defineC. recognizeD. analyze52.A. shareB. inventC. operateD. practice53.A. extentsB. blocksC. designsD. expenses54.A. culturalB. traditionalC. educationalD. behavioral55.A. performerB. supervisorC. facilitatorD. opponent56.A. resistB. resolveC. reserveD. restrict57

31、.A. steadyB. futureC. lastingD. overall58.A. successfullyB. desperatelyC. constantlyD. surprisingly59.A. encourageB. impactC. prepareD. impose60.A. circumstancesB. contributionsC. environmentsD. organization61.A. actualB. externalC. universalD. available62.A. realisticB. opposingC. practicalD. invis

32、ible63.A. confirmB. cultivateC. maintainD. prevent64.A. fulfillsB. highlightsC. defeatsD. describes65.A. depend onB. make upC. strive forD. deal withSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there

33、are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Extremophiles（极端微生物） ?are organisms that have been discovered on earth that survive in environments that were once thought not to be able to sustain life. Thes

34、e extreme environments include intense heat, highly acidic environments, extreme pressure and extreme cold. Different organisms have developed varying ways of adapting to these environments, but most scientists agree that it is unlikely that life on Earth originated under such extremes. Adapting to

35、Extreme HeatIn the 1960s, heat resistant bacteria were discovered in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. This bacteria,?thermus aquaticus?thrives at temperatures of 70C but can survive temperatures of 50 C to 80 C.A few years after these were discovered, other bacteria were foundliving under e

36、ven more extreme conditions. Hydrothermal vents ( 热水流火山口 )?were discovered deep in the ocean and under such high pressure that the water boils at 340 C. It was a surprise to researchers to discover bacteria living and thriving in the vents at such extreme temperatures and pressures. Not only were th

37、ere bacteria, but centimeters away where the water was cooler, was a complete ecosystem living off the bacteria. There were clams and?tubeworms?among other species.Adapting to Extreme ColdOther extremophiles have developed ways to cope with cold. Deep ocean water is as a fairlyconstant temperature o

38、f 2 C, but because of its salt content, in colder areas, ocean water can reach temperatures as low at -12 C withoutfreezing. Extremophiles known as?psychrophiles （低温微生物） ?are known to survive at these low temperatures. Different species have come up with different ways to survive these cold temperat

39、ures. Some have developed substances, such asAdult $69glycerol（甘油） or antifreeze proteins which lower the freezing point of water by several degrees. The main danger to organisms of freezing is the damage caused by ice crystals as waterfreezes and expands. Some species of frogs and turtles have prot

40、eins which actually facilitate thefreezing of body liquids. If the animal s body liquids begin to freeze, a chain reaction is started and all of the body liquids freeze rapidly. This prevents the formation of ice crystals largeenough to do any damage. Many kinds of microorganisms can survive freezin

41、g and thawing, as long as the problem of ice crystals is avoided.?66. An “ecosystem”(paragraph 2) can be best described as _.A. an interacting community that contains both living and non-living organismsB. a large collective term for animals that eat bacteriaC. different types of plants and animals

42、that cooperate for foodD. the place where temperatures and conditions are dangerous and extreme67. The formation of large ice crystal is dangerous mostly because _.A. the animal can no longer breathe, and nutrient can tbe carried around the bodyB. proteins cause the animal s body liquids to freezeC.

43、 the freezing and expansion of water could damage the animal s organsD. the temperature inside the animal becomes too cold to survive in68. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Extremophiles live in environments other organisms cannot survive in.B. Extremophiles can

44、 survive in both acidic and high pressure environments.C. The thermophile lives in extremely high temperatures.D. Fresh water has a constant temperature of around 2C.69. The purpose of this article is to _.A. amuse and entertain scientistsB. provide a personal opinion about an issueC. educate and in

45、form readersD. predict the beginning of evolution(B)Gray LineDiscover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray Line Brisbane. Their wide range of tours in air-conditioned coaches, combined with theguides expert knowledge, ensures a day to remember.Brisbane City Morning Tour( tour B481) Departs : daily 9:00

46、am.Returns :11:45 am.ConcessionChild$67$45Discover this vibrant city with its charming architecture, colonialhistory and enjoy the sweeping views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs. Cathedral SquareParliament House WindmillAnzac SquareCity HallChinatownCaptain Cook and Story B

47、ridgeBrisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary (tour B492)AdultConcessionChildDeparts: daily 1:15 pm.$76$74$54Returns:5:00 pm.Tour the highlights of Brisbane and travel to Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary situated on the banks ofthe Brisbane River for a chance to get up close and personal with the animals.Q

48、ueen Street Mall Southbank Anzac Square Suncorp Stadium BreweryLone Pine Koala Sanctuary and presentation Mt Cootha LookoutSunshine Coast and Noosa( tour B464)Departs: Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday 8:45 amConcessionChildAdultReturns: 5:30 pm.$106$72$111The Sunshine Coast is renowned for its m

49、agnificent seaside,sophisticated lifestyle, dining experience and shopping. Also includes a visit to Underwater Worldand a drive through Eumundi, famous for its historic buildings and scenic beauty.Noosa Heads Mooloolaba Underwater World Ettamogah PubSunshine Coast and Montrille (tour B410)AdultConc

50、essionChildDeparts: Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday 8:45 am.$107$102$67Returns: 5:30 pm.This tour takesyou through the rick heritage ofthe spectacular Sunshine Coast hinterland withvisits to Montville famous for its craft shops and restaurants, and Mooloolaba.home to Underwater world Ginger Factory S

51、uperbee Montville Village MooloolabaPrices includes fully air-conditioned touring, entry fees and CBD hotel pickup. Child policy:under 4 years-free of charge, 4-14years as quoted above. Exclusion date 25/12/16(forother dates please check with your consultant).70. If you wish to complete two tours in

52、 one day, you would probably choose_.A. Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourB. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourC. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa TourD. Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour an

53、d Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.B. Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.C. If you want to visit Unde

54、rwater World, you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.D. If 2 adults and 2 children, aged 3 and 9, attend tour B410, they should pay $ 281.72. What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?A. Welcoming and humorous.B. Warm and inviting.C. Modest and initiative.D. Casual and compulsory.(C

55、)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another , theone or two ladies there being by no me