重庆专升本阅读技巧跳读skimming1

1、?什么是跳读法skimming,所谓跳读，指快速阅读文章以了解其内容大意的阅读方法。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。,跳读在阅读理解中的运用,1. 阅读一篇文章的关键是要了解其大意，了解文章的体裁，明确其主旨。 2. 主旨大意题是英语阅读理解中的常考题。主旨大意题包括：主题类试题(main idea，mainly about)和文章标题(title)类试题。,阅读理解中文章体裁,1.记叙文（考试中偶尔出现） 时态特征：过去时 词汇特征：动态动词多 句法特征：直接引用多,One day a graduate student went

2、 to see his teacher. He had just got an important job and now was coming to say good-bye to him. The teacher asked him how he would behave among the high officials（高官）。 The graduate said， “I will be all right. I have prepared a hundred high hats， one for each official I meet. I am sure I will succee

3、d. ”The teacher became angry at the words. “What！” he cried. “Is this what I have been teaching you for the past ten years？ Nothing but a mean flatterer（马屁精）！”“Forgive me， honored master！ the student rose to his feet and apologized hurriedly.”But you have always been interested in your studies only

4、and do not know how vulgar（庸俗的）the world has cothe to be. There are few men in the world who are behaving honestly like you. “”There is something in what you said， the teacher sighed（叹息道），nodding his head. So they parted（分手）on the best of terms， with the graduates total number of“high hats” being on

5、e less.,记叙文跳读要点,抓记叙文的六要素：when, where, who, what, how, why；(英语疑问句）,阅读理解中文章体裁,2. 叙述文（常考） 叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是考试中一般不出现单纯的叙事文，因为单纯的叙事文比较简单、易懂。所以考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。 这类文章的基本结构模式是： 1)用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题) 2)叙述先前的经历(举例1)及其感悟或发现 3)叙述接下来的经历(举例2)及其感悟或发现 4)做出总结或结论,叙述文跳读要点,1.抓记叙文的六要素：wh

6、en, where, who, what, how, why；(英语疑问句） 2.跳读作者观点或感受,阅读理解中文章体裁,3. 说明文 说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即： 1.提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题） 2.（专家）发现直接原因 3.分析深层原因 4.得出结论或找到出路。 知道了类似的文章结构特点，就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如，我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型，就能判断出几个问题中肯定有要问原因，还有可能要出现推断题。,科普说明文（常考）,Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an

7、 animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have s

8、harp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to

9、eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these ch

10、emicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain pl

11、ant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.,说明文中的跳读要领,1. 读科普和社会科学类文章时，则应快速掌握：成就/成果、性能/影响、用途/目的 2. 途径：读第一段、末段、和每段中心句（第一句或最后一句）,阅读理解中文章体裁,4.议论文（

12、高频考点） 我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张-反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。 议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点，解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案，基本上不存在任何困难。 区分说明文和议论文,议论文解题技巧,第一：阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。 第二：注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。 把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证

13、方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： 1.PutforwardaquestionAnalyzethequestionSolvethequestion这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。 2.Argument/IdeaEvidenceConclusion/Restatingtheidea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程,议论文中的跳读要领,1. 抓议论文三要素：论点、论据（要点）、结论或观点； 2.途径：读第一段（论点）、末段（总结观点）、和每段中心句有论据（第一句或最后一句）,议论文考题直击,For years we have been told that encou

14、raging a childs self-respect in important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect, Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval form their friends when asked if they w

15、ant to go in the backseat of the car. The implication of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best ,scores the highest , achieves the most . And this carries over to the classroom.

16、 Social psychologist Carol Deck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying bard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”. Praising attributes (品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you becau