18 19Module2SectionⅢGrammar表语从句和主语从句

1、Section山 Grammar表语从句和主语从句语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟 But the big surprise of the eve ning waswhenI was elected prom queen My feeling is (that) theyre going to be big one day. Its a good thing that the exams are finished Its well- known that Americans are competitive：1. 句和句中的黑体部 分均为表语从句。2. 句和句中的黑体部 分均为主语从句，而句首

2、的it用作形式主语。语法精要点拨一、表语从句i 表语从句的连接词引导词用法从 属 连 词that，whether在从句中不作成分，that没有实际意义，不可省略；whether意为是否because说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因，意为“因为”as if/though从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用虚拟语气连 接 代 词who(ever)， whom(ever)， whose, what(ever)， which(ever)等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等连 接 副 词when, where, why，how 等在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等The trouble is t

3、hat I have lost his address.第1页麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。The point at issue iswhether we go to the party.争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。He has heart disease.That ib ecausehe has bee n smok ing too much.他有心脏病。那是因为他抽烟太多。He looked as if he had see n a ghost.他好像见了鬼似的(很惊慌的样子)。All I know is what I read in the papers.我所知道的一切，都是从报纸上看来的。T

4、he last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.我们 最后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。2. 注意事项(1) that与what的区别that引导表语从句时，是连词，在从句中不作成分；what是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。That was what she did this morni ng on her way to school.那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上做过的事。(2) because与 why 的区别because引导表语从句时，表示“因为”，wh

5、y引导表语从句时，表示“的原因”，相当于 the reason why。He got up late this morni ng.This is why he came late今 天早晨他起晚了。这就 是他来晚的原因。He was late today.This isbecausehe got up late.他今天来晚了。这是因为他起晚了。(3) 虚拟语气用于表语从句如果主句的主语是idea， advice，suggestion, order， request, requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should+)动词原形。My suggestions tha

6、t we(shoulc) go and help him without delay.我的建议是我们应该立即去帮助他。即时演练1用适当的连接词填空 My opin io n is that we should com muni cate with pare nts freque ntly.第2页 The problem is whether we can find them there. This is what I should have done first of all. This is where I dont agree with you.二、主语从句1.引导词引导词用法从属连词th

7、at，whether， if在从句中不作成分，that没有实际意义，whether和if意为 是否连接代词who(ever)，whom(ever)， whose ， what(ever)， which(ever) 等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等连接副词when，where, why，how等在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、 原因、方式等连词that和whether,在从句中不作任何句子成分，只起连接从句的作用。It is ofte n the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope通 常情况下，对于那些心存

8、希望的人，一切皆有可能。(2)连接代词 who, whom，whose, what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 等； 连接畐【J词 where，when，how，why 等。What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happe ned is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home my only home.你所在的任何地方都是我的家 一一我唯一的家。2.

9、 注意事项(1)常用形式主语it的结构若主语从句较长，而主句谓语部分又相对较短时，常用it作形式主语，同时 将主语从句后置 It is a fact(a good idea/a pity/a shame/no won der.* that 从句。It is a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。 It is n ecessary(clear/true/stra nge/importa nt/won derful.*that 从句。从句多 用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should*)动词原形”。It is necessary thaou (

10、should master En glish.你有必要掌握英语。 It isreported(well-k nown/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/decided/suggested/ordered. .* that 从句。It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.据说他在地震中丧生了。 It seems(happe ns/appears/does nt matter/makes no differe nce*)hat 从句。It seems thatthey will win the game.

11、看起来他们将会赢得这场比赛。即时演练2句型转换 That he should know about it is importa nt.f It is important that he should know about it. That he has gone to Sha nghai is said.f It is said that he has gone to Shanghai.(2)whatever 和 whoeverwhatever和whoever可以引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 此外，它们还可以引导让步状语从句。Keep calm, whatever happe

12、ns.不管发生什么事都要保持镇静。Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.你的支持对 我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。即时演练3判断下列从句的类型 Whoever breaks the lawshould be puni shec主语从句 Whoever breaks the law he should be punishec让步状语从句 Whatever may happen, you must keep calm让步状语从句3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气在“ It + be+形容词+ tha

13、t从句”句型中，如果形容词为necessaryimportant, strange natural等时，从句谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”。It is necessaryand important that one(should)masterthe skill of operating computers so as to meet the n eed of a jo为了满足工作上的需要， 掌握电脑操作技 巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。在“ It + be+过去分词+ that从句”句型中，如果过去分词为 suggested advised, ordered, requested r

14、equired 等时，that 从句谓语动词使用“(should+) 动词原形”。It is suggested thatthe sports meet in g(should)be put off.有人建议推迟举行运 动会。即时演练4单句改错 It is suggested that the work must be done in a day.去掉 must 或 must should It is strange that he treats the man in a friendly way.treats (should)treat It is required that no one

15、is allowed to go out.is (should)be(3)主语为从句时的主谓一致主语为从句时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式，但如果what引导的从句作主语，代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时，谓语动词常用复数形式。What I n eed aretwo pens.我所需要的是两支钢笔。语法应用落实I .用适当的连接词填空1. That my brother won the match made my parents surprised.【导学号:75142019】2. My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers

16、 to improve our En glish.3. The key is where we will go for our holiday.4. The doctors advice is that you should give up smoking.5. The question is who will come to help us.6. He had a bad cold.That is why he did nt come to the meet ing.7. Whether well have a party or not n ext week has nt bee n dec

17、ided.8. This is what we have lear ned from this less on.n .单句改错（每句仅有1处错误）1. It is by no means clear how the preside nt can do to end the strike. howwhat2. It does nt matter which you pay by cash or credit card in this store. whichwhether3. It suddenly occurred to him what he had left his keys in the office. whathat4. rd like to start