高考英语单选写作、完型技巧讲座.ppt

1、高考英语写 作训练思路,司剑帆,评分时词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分； 如书写教差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次； 评分时应注意内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 第一挡（差）（1-6分） 未完成试题规定的任务 * 明显漏掉一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容 * 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限 * 较多语法或词汇错误，影响了对内容的理解 * 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯,高考书面表达评分原则,高 考 英 语 单 项 选 择 题 解 题 方 法,命题趋势: 1. 考查基础语法知识. 2. 考查语法知识的运用能力. 命题特点： 注重语境,强调运用 涉及知识面

2、广，涵盖了冠词形容词副词动词非谓 语动词定语从句及状语从句等。动词一直是考查的重点。 近几年加大了交际用语的考查。 .语境设置更为真实自然巧妙。词汇语法知识越考越活。 解题策略归纳为以下四法： 1.题眼法。2.还原法。3.一致法。4.标点法。,一. 题眼法 题眼法即语境分析法。“眼”指的是题干 中的解题关键信息，一旦抓住了它，就能掌 握选择的依据。在解题时同学们应树立全局 观和整体观，认真分析语境准确理解和把握 信息并关注关键词句找出突破口。例如：,(1)-Is there fog in the evening? -There_be. Ill make a phone call to find

3、 it out. must B. would C. will D. might (2) Most of the Europeans refuse to accept GM food _Americans regard it as the fruit from high tech. when B. as C. while D. the moment (3) Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Doctor Li _for Beijing to join in the fight against SARS, so we only had time for a few

4、 words. just left B. had just left C. is just leaving D. was just leaving (4) Is there any possibility of the film _in Paris International Festival. being tried out B. trying out C. tried out D. to try out (5) _, but he insisted that he _to school. A. Though he was ill; went B. Having been ill; went

5、 C. Having been ill; should go D. He was ill;go,D,C,D,A,D,二. 还原法 还原法，即句子结构分析法。很多高考单项选择 题考点实为难度 较小的简单句，但命题人往往通过加 长句式，将陈述句改为疑问或感叹等句型，使用插入语，采用倒装和省略等手段使简单的句式复杂化, 以增加干扰因素。解题时，同学们应通过句型分析弄清题干的来龙去脉，还原简单句的本来面目。 主要有如下八种还原方式：,1. 将疑问句还原成陈述句。例如： Whom is it up to _the matter? decide B. to decide C. deciding D. de

6、cided 解析：将题干还原为陈述句： 答案为：,It is up to sb. to decide the matter.,B,2 将感叹句还原成陈述句。例如： _role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting 解析：将题干还原为陈述句： 因此答案为： 3 将被动语态还原成主动语态。例如： Our time should be made full use

7、 of _. A. study B. studied C. studying D. to study 解析：将题干还原为成主动语态： 因此答案为：,She played an interesting role in the film.,D,We should make full use of our time to study.,D,4 将倒装语序还原成正常语序。例如： Here is a note book, in which _ the names of the visitors. A. write B. written C. were written D. was written 解析：

8、将题干还原为正常语序: 因此答案为： 5 将强调句式还原成一般句式。 例如: It was _ that resulted in the terrible car accident. A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless C. because she was careless D. she was so careless 解析：将题干还原为一般句式: 因此答案为：,The names of the visitors were written in the note book.,C,Her being careless resu

9、lted in the terrible car accident.,B,6 将先行词还原到定语从句中。例如: The study you have been making _the ancient Chinese characters is an instructive job. to B.for C. of D. from 解析: 把定语从句 先行词 the study 还原回从句中得出: 因此答案为: 7 删除附加结构,将复杂句还原成简单句。 例如: John plays football _, if not better than, David. as well B. as well

10、as C. so well D. so well as 解析: 将插入语 if not better than 删除得出: 因此答案为:,You have been making the study of the ancient Chinese characters.,C,John plays football as well as David.,B,8 将省略句还原成完整的句子。例如: -Do you know what Tom does all day ? -I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he _ his les

11、sons. A. is doing B. does C. spends in D. does doing 解析:将连词as 后的从句还原完整,得出: 此句中的 spends 可用 来代替. 因此答案为:,does,D,as he spends (in) doing his lessons.,三. 一致法 一致法是另一种句子结构分析法,即在解题时我们要注意 句子前后的关系要一致,包括主谓一致,时态一致,代词一致,比 较对象一致等等,以此找到解题的突破口.例如: The man rushed out of the room, _into his car and started it hurried

12、ly, _to get home as soon as possible. A. got; hoped B. getting; and hoped C. got; hoping D. getting; hoped 解析:,C,从and 可知,此题考查三个谓语动词rushed,got和started的并列, 时态要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴随状语.,2. Written in a hurry, _. Peter made many mistakes in the paper There are many mistakes in the paper we found so

13、me mistakes in the paper the paper is full of mistakes 解析: 3. Thinking about the fact that I was not prepared well enough, and _ to lose my face, I gave up this years civil service exam. didnt want B. not wanted C. not wanting D. not to want 解析:,分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致.此 题中written in a hurry 的逻辑主语应该

14、是paper所以选择主 语一致的 项。,此题考查and连接的两个并列状语,前后形式要一致,not wanting ,与前面的thinking 一致,故选择,D,C,四. 标点法 在解答单项选择题时标点符号的作用不可忽视.在做题时 一个标点符号可能就决定了一个题的答案.例如: 1. Our first destination was Indian Greek in Kansas._was then the frontier. A. That B. Which C. What D. Then 解析: 2. Everyone was on time for the meeting_Chris, wh

15、os usually ten minutes late for everything. A. but B. only C. even D. yet 解析:,A,C,从前后句间的句号可知,后半句是独立的句子而非从句,因此不可以在句首使用从属连词.故答案为,从破折号可知,符号后面的内容是对前面句子的补充说明。故答案为,3. They believe that the spirits are with the body of the dead person for three days; _theres always someone to stay with the dead body. A. du

16、ring which time B. during which C. during when D. during this time 解析:,由分号可知后半部分应该是一个独立的句子. 故答案应为,D,总之,高考单项选择题尽管只有十五个小题,但考查内容涉及 面广并突出了综合性和语境化的特点.解题时,应结合语境,认真分 析句子,灵活运用语法词汇知识,通过现象看本质,从而达到分析问 题和解决问题的目的.,巩固练习: ( )1._, the earth moves around the sun . A. It is known that B. We all know C.What we know is

17、 D. As we all know ( )2. During the test we were supposed to stay in our seats, keep our eyes on our work, _to anyone. A. but could not talk B. instead of speaking C. rather than speak D. and not to speak ( )3. The country life he was used to_greatly since 1992. A.change B. has changed C. changing D

18、. have changed ( )4. No progress was made in the trade talks as neither side would accept the conditions of _. A. others B. the other C. either D. another ( )5.-It is 30 years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. wh

19、at D. when,D,D,B,B,B,（标点法）,（一致法）,（还原法删除附加结构）,（题眼法）,（还原法删除附加结构）,( )6. When _ help, one often says “Thank you .” or “It is kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered ( )7. _ he was the last man I wanted to see, I did all in my power to help him. A. As B. Now that C.Though D.Howe

20、ver ( )8. Who did the teacher _the article? A. have written B. have write C. had written D. has writing ( )9. Its fun to see all the food I have made _in such a short time. A. eating B. to be eaten C. being eaten D. eaten ( )10. The speech _, a lively discussion started. A. being delivered B. was de

21、livered C. be delivered D. having been delivered,D,C,B,D,D,（一致法）,（题眼法）,（还原法）,（还原法删除附加结构）,（一致法）,重 基 础,Conclusion,细 分 析,巧 运 用,第二挡（较差）（7-12分） 未恰当完成试题规定的任务 * 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容 * 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限 * 有语法或词汇错误，影响了对内容的理解 * 较少使用语句间的连接词，内容缺少连贯性,高考书面表达评分原则,第三挡（适当）（13 18分） 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 *虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容 * 应用的语法和词汇能满

22、足任务的要求 *有一些语法和词汇错误，但不影响理解 *应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。,高考书面表达评分原则,高考书面表达评分原则,第四挡（好）（19 24分） 完成了试题规定的任务 * 虽漏掉一两个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容 * 语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求 * 语法或词汇应用基本准确，有些错误主要 是尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致， * 应用简单的语句间的连接词， 使全文紧凑,第五挡（很好）（25-30分） 完全完成了试题规定的任务 * 覆盖所有主要内容 * 应用了较多语法结构和词汇 * 语法或词汇方面有些许错误.但为尽力使用较复杂语法结构或较高级词汇所致;具有较强的语言应用能力

23、 * 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分， 使 全文紧凑,高考书面表达评分原则,厌倦点: 语言繁琐、层次不清，令人感到单调、乏味 词汇有错误，句子结构单一、重复 表达不地道、汉语味太浓 书写潦草、令人无法辨认、无法评价 兴奋点，也就是你作文中的亮点: 语言简洁、层次清晰 选词精确，句式多变 内容连贯，表达地道，无明显错误 书写规范，卷面整洁,阅卷教师的厌倦点和兴奋点,英语作文训练的三大步,首先, 文从字顺的初级阶段 其次, 多悟思变的过渡阶段 最后, 文质兼美的高级阶段,文从字顺的初级阶段,语言错误多，汉语式的句子多 多数考生写的作文要点很全面，但是由于英语语言基础知识不扎实，语言不规范，也往往失分

24、严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种： （1）主谓不一致。 Father and I am going to visit her. My uncle often go to the cinema himself. （2）时态、语态混用。 The meal is so nice that we all enjoyed it very much. The old man knocked down by the car and injured badly. （3）句子成分残缺。 But the car which painted red didnt stop. The young man running

25、 in the street fast. He wouldnt able to work out the problem. We all against all forms of terrorist activities.,句子表达多样性的途径 高考英语书面表达新的评分标准要求考生使用高级词汇、复杂句式、过渡性词语和不同的表达方式，从而增加文章的可读性和表现力。 a)改变句子的语序，通过倒装某成分、倒装句、强调句、感叹句等手段实现句子形式的多样化，使句子跌宕起伏，文章生动活泼。 a.He got up very early to catch the bus. b.The girl, hungry and thirsty, went back home. c.We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning. d.Tom knew his mistakes only then. e.The news that our football team had won came soon. f.It began to rain just at ten oclock. g.Our brave Ah Fu had saved my little sister. h.We were g