嵌入式的系统设计在只能工业自动化中的应用

1、Embedded Systems Design in Intelligent Industrial AutomationLuca Ferrarini,1 Jose L. Martinez Lastra,2 Allan Martel,3 Antonio Valentini,4 and Valeriy Vyatkin51 Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy2 Department of Production Engineering, Tampere Univer

2、sity of Technology, 33101 Tampere, Finland3 O3neida Inc., 135 Dunbarton Court, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1K 4L64 O3neida Europe, 42 rue de l Eglise, 1150 Brussels, Belgium5 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019,Auckland 1142, New ZealandCorrespon

3、dence should be addressed to Valeriy Vyatkinv.,vyatkinauckland.ac.nz Received 16 January 2008; Accepted 16 January 2008Copyright ? 2008 Luca Ferrarini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and r

4、eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Industrial automation (IA) is the vast area of embedded computing devoted to industrial applications. Apart from many tailored solutions (numerical controllers, hardware controllers, etc.) the scene is dominated by programmable

5、logic controll rs, widely known by the abbreviation PLC, which represent the most wide-spread class of embedded computing platforms. In the past, the progress in embedded technologies has determined qualitative breakthroughs in the performance of automation systems, their affordability and efficienc

6、y of thir design.Intelligent industrial automation (IIA) has appeared as a branch of research and development, answering the challenges of flexible and adaptive manufacturing, which require mass customization instead of mass production. It stipulates the use of information and communication technolo

7、gy (ICT) methods and tools for creating self-configurable or easily-reconfigurable control systems to automate manufacturing processes.The automation systems need to go beyond being a collection of networking PLCsthey should be intelligent in the way that they interact and behave and how they are us

8、ed by a range of people, from control engineers to maintenance technicians. That is why the newly emerging trends in automation deal with service-oriented architectures, knowledge engineering, and Web-services. Most solutions to safety and predictive maintenance issues are implemented nowadays by su

9、ch novel embedded solutions as wireless smart sensor networks.Automation systems researchfaces the same significant challenges as does the embedded systems world, of which itis an integral part. One of these is the quest for integrated high-level design methods, languages, and tools 1. In the automa

10、tiondomain this has translated into the development of component-based software architectures supporting visual programming, such as the IEC 61499 standard 2 and strategies for controlling distributed applications 3.The challenges of designing these applications using embedded technologies are also

11、contributing to the development of the embedded technologies themselves, in turn giving rise to new challenges.This special issue is organized in collaboration with O3neida 4, the global organization, operating as a network of networks to promote distributed industrial automation based upon open sta

12、ndards.Taking the O3neida perspective of the IA value added chain 5 means that an IA solution, developed or deployed by any organization, must include an analysis of the implications on the company s internal processes, on the managemexntteonfdietsdesupply chain, all within the context of the comple

13、te product life cycle.O3neida has recently extended its interest into new research-intensive application areas of IIA, such as(i) energy management,(ii) building automation,(iii) health over Internet protocol (HoIP).O3neida facilitates collaboration of industrial, academic, and research organization

14、s by providing collaborative frameworks within which to conduct national and international research and development projects.It also helps with knowledge transfer by supporting new publication initiatives, such as this special issue, or a series of industrial automation books, recently launched with

15、 the Instrumentation Society of America.O3neida also works to develop and promulgate the international standards required to promote interoperable intelligent solutions in automation. For example, the joint paper 3 demonstrates collaboration of O3neida members from 9 organizations worldwide, in the

16、work, aiming at the improvement of the IEC 61499 standard.Finally, O3neida has recently opened O3neida Europe, its second international node focused on European industrial automation activities. O3neida Asia is expected to be formed later this year.This special issue is a fine example of the collabo

17、ration environment, created by O3neida and enthusiastically supported by its members.The papers, selected for this special issue, cover a wide spectrum of the automation research, concerning topics such as extending the capabilities of embedded computing platforms, or using them to the benefit of au

18、tomating demanding manufacturing systems. These papers can be divided onto three thematic groups.The first group refers to the high-level system engineering in flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing, implementing the idea of system-level languages in the IIA domain, which naturally leads to the n

19、ew generation of embedded control devices beyond PLCs. In particular, the paper by Ferscha et al. proposes a higher-level design methodology for flexible manufacturing systems with distributed control. The work by Ferrarini et al. applies metamodeling and model-driven architectures techniques for re

20、configurable control of manufacturing systems. New programming architectures and methodologies for such controllers, in particular the novel IEC 61499 architecture, are discussed by Gerber et al. and Dubinin et al. Thus, Gerber et al. investigate migration from the currently dominating PLC architect

21、ure of IEC 61131-3 to IEC 61499. Dubinin et al. propose a formal syntactic model of IEC 61499, needed to address the issue of its execution semantics.The second group of papers addresses the solutions enabling intelligent networking, which progresses from simple device connectivity to provision of w

22、eb-services and the use of service-oriented architectures. The latter imposes new requirements to the resource-constrainedembedded platforms. Macia-P erez et al. deal with the problem of managing control applications and embedded services in automated equipments through a specialized reference frame

23、 of IT services. Collado et al. address the problem of implementing an XML parser on embedded device. The growing popularity of XML makes this work very relevant to many automation applications. Thramboulidis et al. propose the use of service-oriented architectures (SOA) as an integration technology

24、 to“glue ” different applications, used in the designof intelligent automation systems. Lopez Orozco et al. deal with performance of the FIPA agent-basedprotocols, which provide a higher-level communication language for intelligent automation nodes.The third group of papers represents the important

25、area of verification and validation of embedded automation systems. Vyatkin et al. propose a visual specification languageto be used in formal verification of modular automation systems.The works included in this special issue certainly cannot represent the whole body of relevant research. They rath

26、er highlight some exciting application areas of advanced embedded technologies. We hope this special issue will facilitate joint research between the industrial automation and the embedded systems research communities.Luca Ferrarini Jose L. Martinez Lastra Allan Martel Antonio Valentini Valeriy Vyat

27、kin REFERENCES1 T. A. Henzinger and J. Sifakis, “Thediscipline of embedded systems design, ” Computer, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 320, 2007.2 “Function blocks for industr-iparlocess measurement and control systemspart 1: architecture, ” International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.

28、3 C. Sunder, A. Zoitl, J. H. Christe nsen, et al.,“ Usabertypamabnity ofIEC 61499 based distributed automation systems, in Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Conference on In dustrial I nformatics (INDIN 06)pp. 31 437, Singap ore, August 2006.4 OOONEIDA, .5 V. V. Vyatkin, J. H. Christ

29、ensen, and J. L. M. Lastra, “ OOONEIDAan: open, object-oriented knowledge economy for intelligent industrial automation, I”EEETran sacti ons on In dustrial In formatics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4T7, 2005.嵌入式系统在智能工业自动化设计Luca Ferrarini,1 Jose L. Martinez Lastra,2 Allan Martel,3 Antonio Valentini,4 and Vale

30、riy Vyatkin51电子与信息系，20133米兰，米兰，意大利2生产工程，坦佩雷理工大学，坦佩雷 33101部，芬兰3奥奈达公司，135丹巴顿郡法院，渥太华，安大略省，加拿大 k1k 4164奥奈达公司欧洲，42 rue de Ieglise ， 1150布鲁塞尔，比利时5电气与计算机工程系，奥克兰大学，专用袋92019 1142,奥克兰，新西兰瓦列里维亚特金于 2008年1月16日向v.vyatkinauckland.ac.nz发出邀请2008年1月16日接受。费拉里尼等人享有著作权。这是一个开放存取论文 知识共享署名许可下发布，允许无限制地使用，分配，和在任何媒体上复制，提 供原来的

31、工作是正确的引用。工业自动化（IA）是嵌入式计算投入工业应用的广大地区。除了许多量身定制的解决方案（数值控制器，硬件控制器等）现场可编程逻辑控制器通过RS为主，广泛被简称PLC它代表的嵌入式计算平台的最广泛的类。在过去，在嵌入 式技术的进步决定了质的突破，自动化系统的性能，他们的能力和他们的设计效 率。智能工业自动化（IIA ）的出现为研究和发展提供一个分支，是对于灵活性 和适应性制造的挑战，这不是需要大规模生产和大规模定制。它规定利用信息和通信技术（ICT）创建自配置或容易重构控制系统的自动化生产过程的方法和工 具。自动化系统是需要超越一个集网络 PLC应在其相互作用和行为以及它们是 如何通

32、过一系列的人从控制工程师的维修技师的使用的方式，。这就是为什么新兴的自动化趋势交易是面向服务的体系结构、知识工程、和Web服务。安全性和预测性维护问题解决方案是最新的嵌入式解决方案，是通过无线智能传感器网络 来实现。嵌入式系统的世界中的自动化系统的研究同样面临重大挑战， 这是不可或缺 的一部分。其中一个高层次的综合设计方法，语言和工具的追求， 1 。在自 动化领域中这已经转化为基于组件的软件架构， 支持可视化编程技术的发展，如 IEC 61499标准2 和策略控制的分布式应用程序3 。采用嵌入式技术不仅促进了嵌入式技术本身的发展设计这些应用所面临的 挑战，也带来新的挑战。这个特殊的问题是协同奥

33、奈达4，全球机构举办的，作为网络推广基于开 放标准的分布式工业自动化网络运行。使用IA增值链的奥奈达角度 是指一个IA的解决方案，开发或由组织部 署，必须包括对公司内部流程的影响进行分析， 其扩展的供应链的管理，所有的 内完整的产品生命周期的环境。奥奈达为最近成为新的研究密集型应用领域的 IIA而扩展了其利益，如i. 能源管理，ii. 楼宇自动化，iii. 互联网协议医疗（HOIP。奥奈达通过提供协同的框架内进行的国家和国际研究和发展项目从而促进 工业、学术和研究机构合作。如这个特殊的问题，美国仪器仪表学会最近推出的一系列工业自动化的书籍, 它也有助于知识转移通过支持新的出版计划。奥奈达还制定并颁布了一系列的有关促进自动化可互操作的智能解决方案 的国际标准。例如，联合文3 表明奥奈达成员合作来自全球9个组织，在工 作中，针对IEC 61499标准的改进。最后，奥奈达最近开设了奥奈达欧洲，其第二国际节点集中在欧洲工业自动 化活动。奥奈达亚洲预计将于今年晚些时候形成。这个特殊的问题是协同环境的一个很好的例子，得到了奥奈达和其成员的热情支持。这篇论文选择这个特殊的问课题，它广泛的涵盖了自动化研究的有关课题， 如扩展嵌入式计算平台的能力，或使用它们的自动化要求的制造系统的好处。这些论文可分为三个专题组。第一组是指在柔性和可重构制造高级的系统工程，在实施IIA域系统级语言 的想法，这自然