《完形阅读专题讲座》PPT课件.ppt

1、第 一 讲,完 型 填 空,3+x高考英语试题分布情况,题 号,题 型,测试目标,题 数,计 分,参考时间,1-20,21-35,36-55,56-75,76-85,听 力,单项填空,完型填空,阅读理解,短文改错,作 文,听,词汇、语法、 习语、交际,英语知识的综合运用,读,读、写（英语 知识的综合运用,写,20,15,20,20,10,1,30,15,30,40,10,25,20,25,35,40,1、文章短、挖空多、保持一定的挖空密度,年份,总词数,总段落数,挖空密度,题 数,比 分,1999,2000,2001,245,186,260,8,3,5,10.96,9.3,12.05,25,2

2、0,20,25,30,30,2、情景意义选择为主，语法选择填空极少,例1:(NMET01) 38.The native people said they （38） this creature and called it the “Yeti”， A. heard from B. cared for C. knew of D. read about,又如2000年试题中的41题： The idea(40)of a body clock should not be too (41) since the lives of most living things are controlled by(42)

3、 the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. A. difficult B. exciting C. surprising D. interesting,3、单词填空为主、短语或词组填空为辅； 实词为主，虚词为辅,表3：最近三年完型填空词汇考查情况,年份,动词,名词,形容词,副词,连词,介词,代词,2000,2001,7,6,4,4,4,3,2,6,1,2,1,4、所选短文的难易程度符合高三学生的实际水平,短文的语法结构、用词造句均未超出高三学生所学过的文章水平 。 短文内容贴近学生实际生活，便于学生发挥自己的思维能力和理解掌握短文的内容。篇首提示句保留完整，为考生了解短

4、文的全貌打开了一个窗口，激活了学生原有的认知图式，消除了恐惧感,二，完型填空的能力目标要求,牢固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词汇知识。 英语阅读理解能力，良好的阅读习惯，熟练的阅读技巧。 分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间逻辑关系的能力。 逻辑思维能力。特别是总结概括、推理判断和分析归纳的能力。包括情景推理判断、常识推理判断、逆向推理判断及比较推理判断等,扎实的英语词汇、短语、惯用法等英语固定搭配的知识。特别是英语词汇意义和用法的辨析能力。 在阅读中捕捉记忆相关信息的能力,第 二 讲,完型填空的解题技巧和方法,一）解题方法,通读全文，领会大意 前后照应，逐个攻破 先易后

5、难，迂回解题 再读全文，推敲答案,通读,初选,观 察,分析,推理,再通读,验证,确定,二）解题技巧,1、从惯用法、搭配角度考虑 1）（NMET99）“.but they are（30）damage to our houses and shops of historical（31）,”said John Norris, one of the protesters. 30. A. doing B. raising C. putting D. producing 31. A. scene B. period C. interest D. sense,2）（NMET00）For example, pe

6、ople who are not （47）to working at night can find. 47. A. prevented B. allowed C. expected D. used,3）（NMET01）These days, only a few people continue to take the story of the Abominable Snowman （52） . 52. A. lightly B. jokingly C. seriously D.properly,4) 0237. When I was in the army I _36_ an intellig

7、ence test that all the soldiers took,and, against_37_ of 100, scored 160. A . an average B. at total C. an exam D. a number,2、从逻辑推理、常识推理、逆向推理等角 度考虑,1）（NMET99）Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the （26） and have made up their minds to. 26. A. college B.

8、 village C. town D. church,2）（NMET00）If the 24-hour cycle is （45） ,most people experience unpleasant（46） . 45. A. disturbed B. shortened C. reset D. troubled 46. A. moments B. feelings C. senses D. effects,3）（NMET01）The （36） of the Snowman has been around for many years. 36. A. event B. story C. adv

9、enture D. description,4) (NMET02) He burst out laughing and said, “Why,you fool, he used his _(52)_ and asked for them.” 52. A. imagination B. hand C. voice D. information,3、从词汇意义及用法的角度考虑,1）（NMET99）.they wanted to make as much （37）as possible to force. 37. A. effort B. time C. trouble D. noise,2）（NM

10、ET00）Most of us would agree that we feel good on some days and not so good on （54）; 54. A. other B. the other C. all other D. others,3）（NMET01）The native people said they（38）this creature and called it the “Yeti,”. 38. A. heard from B. cared for C. knew of D. read about,4、从上下文的个体语境角度考虑,1）（NMET99）Why

11、 dont they build a new road that goes （33）the town? 33. A. to B. through C. over D. round,2）（NMET00）At the beginning of this century, medical scientists made an interesting discovery: we are built not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were（36）to show that we all have abody clock. 36. A.

12、 anxious B. able C. careful D. proud,3）（NMET01）.in 1964, a Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman was _49_and was a remaining linking with the prehistoric humans. 49. A. imagined B. real C. special D. familiar,4)（NMET01）Shipton believed that they were not （42） the tracks of a monkey or b

13、ear and （43）that the Abominable Snowman might really (44) 42. A. entirely B. naturally C. clearly D. simply 43. A. found B. declared C. felt D. doubted 44. A. exist B. escape C. disappear D. return,阅读理解题”的特点和内容,第 三 讲,1、命题的主旨,高考阅读理解题主要考查考生在单位时间内快速阅读英语短文，了解短文的主题思想，抓住短文中所包含的信息（事实、细节等），并通过短文提供的材料进行分析、推理

14、、判断，把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序、逻辑联系及作者的意图、态度、观念和文章寓意的能力,2、内容、题材及体裁,3+x”高考英语试题阅读理解题的题材、体裁多样，选材更趋现代化、生活化、知识化，突出实用性、时代性与交际性，涉及了社会文化、能源交通、人生观、日常生活、新闻报导等各个方面。历年高考题材中还涉及到科普知识、天文地理、人物传记、风土人情、广告宣传、体育赛事、历史文化等各个方面。体裁有记叙文、描述文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。请看表1、表2,表1： 2000年“3+x”高考英语试卷阅读理解考查情况,表2： 2001年“3+x”高考英语试卷阅读理解考查情况,篇 次,题 材,涉及领域,体裁

15、,A,B,C,D,E,上海出租车行业的发展,一种新的度假方式雪屋生存体验,绿色消费与环境保护,影响英语语言发展最大的人,男性的友谊与女性的友谊,社会生活,社会生活,人与环境,语言文化,社会科学,新闻报导,记叙文,记叙文,议论文,议论文,表3：2002年高考英语阅读理解题考点情况,3、“3+x”高考英语阅读试题的三大特点1）重速度,年份,1999,2000,2001,短文词数,1300,1483,1355,选项词数,771,697,681,合计,考试说明时间分配,读速（W/pm,2071,2174,2036,50,35,35,41.4,62.1,58.2,2）重语篇，重能力,表4： “3+x”N

16、MET阅读理解题的考查点分布,3)生词量增加，长句、难句的出现，是近几年高考英语的明显特征,NMET2000中就有18个生词。如： panic, squirrel, melt, poker, reverse, gollocking, spundels, ballalators, cribe, bother, sticky, considerable, unknowable, quarrelsome, microcomputer, recovery, non-recyclables, cost-effective 等,NMET2001的5篇阅读中也出现了19个生词。如A篇中有deluxe, se

17、dans, minivans, wagons, coaches, Santana ； B篇中有survival, certificate, igloo ； C篇中有consumer, Shampoo, contribute, attitude, concern ； D篇中有conqueror, ambition ； E篇中有shrug, innermost, psychologist, influence 等,NMET2000试卷中的阅读题不仅信息量大，生词多，而且难句、长句、复合句、省略句、倒装句、插入语等语言现象随处可见,以NMET2000C篇为例：该篇第一句主题句为：Decision-t

18、hinking is not unlike poker_ it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think,NMET2001试卷的E篇第一段中“How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go to a ballroom, come back three and a half hours

19、 later, and they are still sitting on the sofa? Talking ,第 四 讲,3+x”高考英语阅读理解的 类型分析,1、表层理解题(客观信息题,a). 认定事实试题。 例如： 1）According to the passage, which of the following is (not) true? 2）Which of the following shows the right order of the story? 3）Which of the following statements is true according to the

20、text? 4）Which of the four pictures below is closest to as mentioned in the text? 5) When/where/what/why/how/which is? 等,1）（NMET00）58.How long did the power failure last? A. Nearly 12 hours B. More than 12 hours C. Nearly 24 hours D. More than 24 hours,2）（NMET00）61.Why did the woman put the dough in

21、the rubbish bin ? A. She didnt see the use of keeping it. B. She meant to joke with her husband. C. She didnt want her husband to see it. D. She hoped it would soon dry in the sun,3）（NMET01）57.Which of the following statements is true according to the text ? A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on h

22、olidays. B. 70% of the customers are white-collar employees. C. More firms are open for service during holiday seasons. D. Some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons,b). 猜测词义、句意、片断意义,例如： 1）Which of the following can be used in place of ？ 2）The underlined word means/refers to . 3）When

23、the writer says , he refers to the fact that 等,对单词、词组、片断或句子意义猜测理解的例子,1）（NMET01）66. The underlined word “it”in the fourth paragraph refers to_. A. a selling point B. the company name C. a great demand for health foods D. the manufacturing of green products,2）（NMET01）56.The words “deluxe sedans”,“mini

24、vans”and“station wagons ” used in the text refer to_. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers,3）（NMET00）66. Which of the following can be used in place of“Quite the reverse” ? A. Quite right B. True enough C. Most unlikely D. Just the opposite,4）（NMET00）73. When he s

25、ays “You wont be for long” the writer means that_. A. youll soon be living in a cleaner building B. rubbish chutes will become out of date before long C. you wont wait long for your turn to recycle rubbish D. it wont be long before youll have to recycle your rubbish,2.深层理解题（主观判断题,1)文章大意 1）What is th

26、e main idea of this passage? 2) The writer holds that_. 3) What is the best title of the passage? 4) What does the passage mainly discuss? 5) The topic of the passage is_,这类试题一般有以下几种设问方式,1)（NMET01）65.What would be the best title for the text? A. Business and People B. Business Goes Changing C. Shopp

27、ing Habits Are Changing D. Supermarkets and Green Products,2)（NMET01）70.What is the subject discussed in the text? A. The history of Great Britain B. The similarity between English and French C. The rule of England by William the Conqueror D. The French influences on the English language,2) 作者的观点及态度

28、,1）What is the writers opinion? 2) The writer argues that_. 3) Whats the authors attitude? 4) The purpose in writing this text is_,如： 1)（NMET99）68.In the writers opinion, a good stage school should_. A. produce star performers B. help pupils improve their study skills C. train pupils in Language and

29、 performing D. provide a general education and stage training,2）（NMET00）59.The writers purpose in writing this story is_. A. to tell an interesting experience B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman D. to explain the difficulty of learni

30、ng to cook from books,3)（NMET00）72.The purpose in writing this text is_. A. to encourage people to recycle their rubbish B. to introduce a recycling system for high rises C. to describe the use of computer technology in recycling D. to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rises,4)（NMET01）

31、60.When the writer says“the fun will be over,” he refers to the fact that_. A. hotel guests will be frightened at the thought of the hard test B. Bergqvists hotel will soon become a pool of water C. holidaymakers will soon get tired of the big igloo D. a bigger igloo will replace the present one,3)

32、推论、结论及隐含之意,1）It can be inferred/ concluded from the passage that_. 2) We can infer/ conclude/ draw from the passage that_. 3) It is implied in the passage that_. 4) “”are used in the text to refer to_,1)（NMET99）57.We can infer from the text that“computer-literate”means_. A. being able to afford a co

33、mputer B. being able to write computer programs C. working with the computer and finding out its value D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it,2)（NMET01）64.It becomes clear from the text that the driving force（动力）behind green products is _. A. public caring for the environment B. com

34、panies desire for bigger sales C. new ways of doing business D. rapid growth of supermarkets,3)（NMET01）74.Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph? A. Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves B. Women are more serious than men about marriage C. Men often take

35、sudden action to end their marriage D. Women depend on others in making decisions,4)（NMET01）75.The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around . A. happy and successful marriages B. friendships of men and women C. emotional problems in marriage D. interactions between men and women,考生必须,掌握阅读微

36、技能，提高自己对文章的领悟能力； 学会阅读不同题材和不同体裁的文章； 要掌握背景知识，了解英语国家的文化； 学会快速阅读，提高准确获取信息的能力； 提高语篇能力，包括语篇的聚合能力、语篇语义的概括能力、语篇内部结构的逻辑分析能力以及语篇宏观语境的判断能力和想象能力等,第 五 讲,阅读理解题解题方法与技巧,应试策略,1、审核标题，抓住中心 2、通读全文，掌握全貌 3、浏览答题，明确要求 4、带着问题，重读短文 仔细研究，逐一解答 5、复读全文，仔细核对,阅读微技能,1、理解主题或中心思想 2、理解文章的细节 3、猜测词义 4、作出判断,一）理解主旨要义,任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义，考生要学会

37、找主题句。文章主题句的表现，通常有五种形式,1、主题句在段首。作者一开头就提出主题句，然后用细节解释，支持或发展主题句表达的主题思想,如：（MNETOO）64.The subject discussed in the text is _. A. the process of reaching decisions B. the difference between poker and chess C. the secret of making good business plans D. the value of information in winning games,该题是考主旨大意的，此篇

38、头两句就是文章的中心议题： Decision-thinking is not unlike poker it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think .The mental process is similar,根据以上主题，我们可以看出这篇文章将要围绕“决策过程”来展开讨论。再通读下文就不难归纳出文章的大意是“the process of reaching decisions,2、主题句在段尾，作者主要

39、采用了表述细节在前，概括文章大意在后的写作手法,如：NMET99 B篇的主题就在文章的最后一句“The computers are becoming people-literate” 。虽然本文开篇第一段提出了Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate”. But not all experts agree that it is a good idea ，但此句尚未点出什么是好主意，为下文的讨论仅起了铺垫作用,3、主题句在段中。当主题句在段中时，开段的 句子往往作

40、为引题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。其基本结构为：引题主题解释（细节,请看NMET01 E 篇：该篇的前三段均用来引题，主题在第四段：Women have more friendships than men and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is “marked and unmistakable” 其实第四段整段是一个主题段，既解释了困惑Harold的问题，又为下文进一步展开讨论作了承接作用。文章的后几段均是对主题句的进一步阐释,4、主题句在段首和段尾。作者采用前后呼应，两次点题的写

41、作手法。值得注意的是表达同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽相同，而且在内容上，后者也不是前者的简单重复,请看(NMET01)B篇，作者就是采用了两次点题的写作手法。文章第一段段首即为主题句,Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo,作者在这儿说明了雪屋在度假者心目中已成热点。为了进一步强调igloo旅馆的热门，作者在最后一段又一次点题,The popularity at the igloo is beyond doubt :

42、it is now attracting tourists from all over the world,5、主题暗含在段中。不是所有的文段均有主题句。在阅读这类文章时，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导文章的主旨,如（NMET99）E篇70:Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools ? A. He thinks highly of what they have to offer . B. He favors an early start in the

43、training performing arts. C. He feels uncomfortable about children putting on right shows. D. He doubts the standard of ordinary education they have reached,1）After all what lively children wouldnt settle for spending only half of the day during ordinary school work and acting, singing or dancing th

44、eir way through the other half of the day? (para.3,2) Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age (para.4,3) So what happens to those who dont make it ? ( para.5,4) While all the leading school say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case (para.5,二）理解文章的细节,57Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A. 70% of the cars can be rent out on holiday.