英语阅读材料

1、第六章 阅读理解与阅读技能2009-11-15 23:36:27| 分类： 我的世界 | 标签： |字号大中小 订阅第六章 阅读理解与阅读技能p249 （1）记叙文stephen hawking was born in 1942. hes a world famous scientist and expert on space and time. stephen is trying to find the answers to some very big questions, such as: how did the universe being?how will it end?斯蒂芬在 19

2、42 年出生。他是研究空间和时间领域的一位举世闻名的科学家和专家。斯蒂芬设法发现 一些非常大问题的答案，例如：宇宙未来会怎样？它会怎样结束？stephen was a student at oxford university. he studied math and science. then, at the age oftwenty, he became very ill. he was so young, but the doctor said to his family, “he has only two years to live.” the doctors were wrong -h

3、e didnt die. he cant walk now but he uses a wheelchair. he talks with the help of a computer. after oxford, stephen went to cambridge university. three years later, in 1963,he became a doctor of philosophy.斯蒂芬曾经是牛津大学的学生。他学习数学和科学。然而，在 20 岁时，他生病了。他是如此年轻， 但医生告诉他的家人，“他只活两年。”医生是错误的，他没有死。他现在虽然不能走路，但他可以使用了

4、 轮椅。随着计算机的帮助，他可以通过计算机举行会谈。牛津大学毕业后，斯蒂芬前往剑桥大学学习。3年后，在 1963 年，他成为哲学博士。because of his health problems, it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write. so he started to think in pictures. with this new way of thinking, he became one of the most famous scientists in theworld. in 1981, he met pope i

5、n rome. they talked about his ideas. then, in 1988, he wrote his first important book, a brief history of time. it sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different countries.由于他的健康问题，出图或写作对于他是很难的。 因此他在图片上开始思考。 这种新的思维方式， 使他在世界上成为了一位最著名的科学家。在 1981 年，他在罗马遇见了教皇。他们谈论了他的想法。然 后，在 1988 年他写了他的第一本重要的书，时间的简史。

6、 它在 33 个不同国家卖了超过 550 万本。（2）说明文one type of solar collector is not very expensive. it is put on the roof of a building. it is usually put on the sunny side of the roof. the sun is most direct in this side, and the unit will collect more heat. the surface is black because black collects more heat from

7、the sun. inside, there are pipes with water. the top is a piece of glass. the sun shines through the glass and air inside. it heats the water that is alsoinside. a pump, a machine to move the water, starts when water is warm enough. then hot water goesinto a storage tank. this tank stores or keeps t

8、he hot water. then there is hot water to use for washingclothes or taking baths and showers.太阳能的集热器是一种不是非常昂贵的类型设备。它在大厦的屋顶被投入使用。它通常放在屋顶的 向阳面。 太阳是多数直接在这边晒过来的，并且单位将收集更多热。 太阳能的集热器表面是黑的，因为 黑色从太阳收集更多热到集热器里面，在内部，有水管道。最顶部是一块玻璃。 太阳通过玻璃和空气发光 里面。 它加热也是里面的水。 当水是足够，温暖的泵浦，移动水的机器，起动。 然后热水进入储存箱。这辆坦克存放或保留热水。然后，有热水使用

9、洗衣服或洗澡和淋浴。（3）议论文there are two types of people in the world. although they have equal degree of health and wealth, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. this arises from the different ways in which theyconsider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.有二种类型的人生活在世界

10、上。 虽然他们有相等的程度健康和财富，但是仍然出现一个人变得愉 快，另一个人变得不快乐。这源自于他们认为事情有不同的方式，人员，事件和在他们头脑中造成的影响。people who are happy fix their attention on the good side of tings: the pleasant parts ofconversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. they enjoy all the cheerful things. those who

11、 are to be happy think and speak only of the opposite things. therefore, theyare continually unhappy. they speak ill of the pleasure of society, hurt many people and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. if this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy personswould be the more to be pitie

12、d. the intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation. it grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. the habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. i hope this little warning maybe of servic

13、e to them, and help them change this habit.人们把注意力放在快乐的事情好的一面:会话的愉悦,准备好菜,善良的酒和晴朗的天气。他们享受所有 的快乐的事情。那些是谁的幸福认为，只有相反的事情发言。因此，他们不断不满。他们褒贬是社会的快 乐，伤害了很多人，使自己不愉快的地方。如果这样的胸怀，又成立于自然，这种不愉快的人将是更值得 同情。批评的目的和不喜欢的也许是被占用的模仿。它长成一种习惯，我们不知它的拥有者。这个习惯可 能会较为强劲，但它可能被治愈当那些谁也实现了他们的兴趣和口味的不良影响。我希望这个小小的警告可能的服务对他们，帮助他们改变这种习惯。alt

14、hough in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. those people offend many other; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. this often puts them in bad temper and d

15、raws them into arguments. if they aim at getting some advantages in social position of fortune, nobody wishesthem success. nor will anybody starts a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. if they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to crit

16、icize theirwrongdoings. these should change this bad habit and be pleased with that is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. if they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact withthem. otherwise, it can be disagreeable, especially when one becomes mixed up

17、in their quarrels.虽然实际上它只是一个幻想，,但它会严重的结果,因为它会带来人生的悲痛和坏运气。那些人得罪了 许多其他人;没有人喜欢他们,没有人愿意对他们有最常见的礼貌和尊重。这常常使他们大动肝火而与他人争 吵。如果他们的目标是获得一些有优势的社会地位的财富,也没有人希望他们的成功。任何人也不会启动一 个步骤或者说一个字看好他们的希望。如果他们自己带来的公众反对的意见,没人会为他们辩护,很多人加入 指责他们所犯的错。这些应该改变坏习惯,那就是感到满意,而不必无谓地担心自己和他人。如果他们不这样 做,那将有利于他人,以避免任何接触。否则,它可以被讨厌,特别是当一个人变得混淆在他

18、们之间的争吵。p253例 1surtsey was born in 1963. scientists saw the birth of this island. it began at 7.30 a.m. on 14thnovember. a fishing boat was near iceland. the boat moved under the captains feet. he noticed a strange smell. he saw some black smoke. a volcano was breaking out. red-hot rocks, fire and sm

19、oke were rushing up form the bottom of the sea. the island grew quickly. it was 10 meters high the next dayand 60 meters high on 18th november. scientists flew there to watch. it was exciting. smoke and fire were still rushing up. pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the

20、sea. the sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. surtsey grew and grew. then it stopped in june 1967. it was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. and life was already coming to surtsey. plants grew. birds came. some scientists built a house. they want to learn about this young is

21、land. a new island is like anew world.surtsey 1963 年出生的。科学家们看到这个岛的诞生。它始于 11 月 14 日上午 7 点 30 分。一艘渔 船靠近冰岛。船在船长的脚。他注意到一股怪味。他看到一些黑烟。火山爆发了。炽热岩石、火、烟被冲 起来形成海底。岛上的快速增长。它是 10 米高,次日 11 月 18 日长到 60 米高。科学家们飞往那里观看。 这是令人振奋的。烟和火还跑。炽热岩石片断飞入空气并且落入海。 海煮沸，并且在天空有奇怪的光。 surtsey 不停的增长。然后它在 1967 年 6 月长到 175 米高和 2 公里长的时候停止增

22、长。surtsey 迎来了新 的生命。植物生长。鸟儿来了。一些科学家在岛上建了房子。他们想了解这个年轻的岛屿。一个新的岛就像一个崭新的世界。例 2tigers are found in many asian countries. in the forest and grasslands, a tiger is hard to see. the sunlight is shining through leaves and branches and makes patches of bright light and shadow. a tigers golden colored coat with

23、 its dark stripes is not easily seen for its hair is the same color as the blades ofyellowish grass and patches of deep shadow.老虎在许多亚洲国家被发现。在森林和草原，老虎是很难看到的。闪亮的阳光透过枝叶和利用了明亮的光线和阴影补丁。一只老虎的黄金色与深色条纹外套是不容易看到,它的头发是一样的黄色草深的阴影补丁的叶片颜色相同。this way of hiding itself is very important, because tigers are hunters.

24、if other animals could see a tiger coming, they would quickly run away. a tiger has very strong, sharp teeth which are used for seizing and eating the animal it catches. a tigers chief food are deer, wild pigs and other small animals, but it willalso kill cows. tigers usually hunt and eat at night,

25、and during the day they lie eating.这样的隐藏自己是非常重要的,因为老虎是猎人。如果其他动物可以看见一只老虎来,他们很快就会跑 掉。老虎身上有非常强,锋利的牙齿 ,是用来抓住和吃动物捕获它。老虎的主要食物是鹿、野猪和其他小动物,但是它也会杀牛。老虎通常到晚上吃,躺卧着,吃着白天的猎物。p255例 1every year thousands of young people in england finish school and then take a year off before they start work or go to university. so

26、me young people go to other countries and work as volunteers.volunteers give their time to help people. for example, they woke in schools or hospitals, or they dosomething helpful for the environment.在他们开始工作或去大学之前，数以万计青年人在英国每年完成学业然后需要一年的时间去做一些事情。有些年轻人去其他国家和做志愿者。利用义工时间去帮助别人。例如,他们在学校和医院做义工,或者是他们做一些有益的

27、环境的事情。例 2dreams may be more important than sleep. some people dont need much sleep. but we all needto dream, scientists say.梦想可能是更为重要的睡眠。有些人并不需要太多的睡眠。但是，我们都需要梦想，科学家们说。dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. people have dreams each night. dreamsare like short films. they are usually in

28、 color. some dreams are like old films. they come to us over and over again. that may be because dreamer is worrying about something. dreaming may be a way oftrying to find an answer.梦想约占了的睡眠时间的四分之一。人们每天晚上都做梦。梦像短片一样。他们通常有颜色的。有 些梦想是像老电影。他们一遍又一遍找我们。这可能就是因为担心才产生的梦。梦想可能是试图寻找答案的一种方式。some people get new i

29、deas about their work from dreams. they could have been thinking abouttheir work all day. these thoughts can carry over into dreams.有些人对自己的工作有的新梦想。他们可能整天一直在想着他们工作。这些想法会延续到的梦想。p256例 1new york state has passed the usas first state law banning motorists talking on cell phones. the ban will begin on nov

30、ember 1, although drivers caught using cell phones will be given only warningduring the first month.纽约州已经通过了美国的首次国事访问法律，禁止驾驶者在驾驶的时候使用手机。禁令在 11 月 1 日 将开始实行，在第一个月期间，司机被发现使用手机将获得警告。例 5british workers have the longest working week in europe, with 23vacation days-the shortestvacation. so they feel overwo

31、rked. 75% say their weekends of vacations are too short and 40% wouldsacrifice a days pay for one more vacation day.英国工作者有最长的工作周在欧洲，只有 23 天的假期，这最短的假期的。所以他们觉得劳累。75% 人说周末的假期太短了,40% 的人愿意牺牲一天的工资为假期的日子。p258例 1after a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. sleep in necessary for good health. d

32、uring this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. the rest that you get while sleepingmakes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day.忙碌了一天的工作和玩乐,身体需要休息。睡眠对身体健康的必要。在这时间，身体恢复当天的活动。 您得到是，其他在睡觉的时候,你也就可以使你的身体为第二天的活动做好准备。例 2we have always been interested in the moon. 2

33、,000 years ago people already knew it movedaround the earth and where it would be in the sky at different times of the year. at that time, everythingabout the moon was learned by watching it carefully in the sky.我们一直都对月亮很感兴趣。两千多年前的人已经知道它是绕地球,而且知道它一年中将会在不同时 期出现在天空。那时,所有关于月球的学习都是来自对天空的仔细观察。when scient

34、ists could use telescopes to study the moon more closely, their ideas began to change. they could see the moon was made of rocks. most scientists thought moon rocks would be different from those on earth. this was because they believed the moon had once been a planet that had caught in theearths gra

35、vity millions of years earlier.当科学家可能使用望远镜严密地学习月亮的时候，他们的想法开始改变。他们可以看到月亮上面的 岩石了。多数科学家想法月亮上面的岩石是与在地球上的岩石有些不同。 这是因为他们相信月亮，地球都曾经是一个星球吸引在地球的引力早几百万年。in 1966 moon rocks were finally brought to the earth and studied. much to their surprise, scientists found that, except for water, the moon and the earth wer

36、e made of the same things. once again newideas were needed for this new information.1966 年，月球岩石终于带到地球加以研究。另人意外的是，科学家发现，除水，月球和地球都是同样的物质。再次，再次新的想法是需要的对于这新的信息。after years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of earth. they believe very early in its history, maybe 4 millions o

37、f years ago, something about the size of mars hit earth. this sent billions of rocks into space around our planet. these rocks slowly joined together and after manyyears became the moon. in the future, even though our ideas about the moon may change again, we willstill be interested in it.经过多年的研究，现在

38、大多数科学家认为，月球曾经是地球的一部分。他们认为，月亮拥有的历史 非常早，也许 4 百万年前，大约是火星大小的东西撞击地球。这岩石进入太空发送十亿左右我们的星球。 这些岩石慢慢加入一起多年后形成了月球。在未来，即使对于月球我们的想法可能会再次发生变化，我们仍然会对月亮感兴趣。p260 例 1as i was not experienced in cooking, i thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so i doubled everything. i had been defeated, i put the do

39、ugh in the rubbish bin outside so i wouldnt have to face doug laughing at my work, i dont know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing, dougor me.在厨艺方面我没有经验,我认为如果煮一个的话还不如煮两个,所以我翻了一番,煮了很多，结果，我失败了,我把面团扔进外面的垃圾筒里,这样我就不必面对嘲笑我的作品,整个事情我不知道道格和我之间谁更尴尬的。例 2why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news?

40、all i read about is murder, bribery, and death.frankly, im sick of all this bad news.你为什么不在报纸报道有什么好消息?所有我读的是谋杀，行贿，甚至死亡。坦率地说，我已经厌倦了这一切坏消息。p262同步联系passage 1jack brown, an office worker, lives in washington. he inherited a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasnt happy at all. when his college frie

41、nds were looking for their jobs, he didnt have to. jack decided to live a simple life like everyone else. he gave $ 10,000 of his money to a charity to help poor children live a better life. today he is 36. he still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small caronly but he is very happy.杰克 布朗是

42、一个上班族,住在华盛顿。当他 23 岁的时候, 他继承了一百万美元,但他并不感到幸福。 当他的大学朋友正在寻找自己的工作,但他并没有去寻找工作。杰克决定像其他人一样过简单的生活。他给 了一万美元钱给慈善事业帮助贫困儿童生活更美好的生活。今天,他是 36。他仍然穿便宜的鞋子和衣裳并且只驾驶一辆小汽车，但是他是非常愉快的。up to now jack has helped some children from poor countries all over the world, by sending them each $ 200 a mouth. the money was u sed for

43、the childrens study, food, medicine and clothing. jack receives a report each year on the childrens progress. they can write to each other, but usually thechildren do not speak english.截至目前杰克已经帮助世界各地的一些贫困国家的儿童，每人发送 200 元。这笔钱是用于儿童的研 究，食品，药品和衣物。杰克收到关于这些儿童每年的进度报告。他们可以写信给对方，但是往往孩子不会说英语。when jack first h

44、eard about these children, he wanted to help them. “it was nothing special,” he said. “until i went to these countries and met the children i was helping, i didnt know anything about their life.” once jack went to meet a little girl in africa. he said that the meeting was very exciting. “when i meth

45、er, i felt very very happy,” he said. and i saw that the money used for a good cause. it brought mehappiness, i want to do everything i can to go on helpin g those children.”当杰克第一次听说这些孩子，他想帮助他们。 “这是没有什么特别，”他说。“直到我去这些国家并且 遇见了我帮助的孩子，我不知道关于他们的任何生活”。杰克在非洲去遇见一个小女孩。 他说会议是非常 扣人心弦的。“当我见到她，我感到非常非常高兴，”他说。我又看见

46、那钱用于一个好的去处。它带给我快乐,我要尽我所能去帮助那些孩子。”passage2on nov. 18th , 1908, three men went up in a balloon. they started early in london. the headman was augusta gaudron, and the other two men were tannar and maitland. they had a big balloon andthey were ready for a long way.在 1908 年 11 月 18 日，三名男子在一个上升气球。他们的旅行开始

47、在伦敦。村长是奥古斯塔 gaudron ，另外两名男子 tannar 和梅特兰。他们有一个大气球，且他们准备好长的路。soon they heard the sea. they were carrying the usual rope, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. at the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. this could hold water, or it could be empty. so they were able to change it

48、s weigh. it was for use over the sea. they were also carryingsome bags of sand.很快他们听见了海。他们带着经常用的绳索，它是从悬挂在气球篮了。 在绳索的末端他们栓住金属箱子。这可以保持水的,也可能是空的。因此，他们能够改变其重量。它发挥作用在海的。他们还携带的袋沙子。after the sun rose, the balloon went higher. it went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold. the water in the balloon be

49、came ice. snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. the men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. they tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. the work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to dropsome whole bags

50、 of sand. one of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.太阳下山后,气球就飞得更高。它走到 3000 米,空气很冷。气球里面的水结成了冰。雪落到他们的气 球篮子，并且他们可能看在地面上的更多雪。这些人试图抛弃一些沙子，但是很难。他们设法打破像他们 的刀子那样冰冷的沙子,但它不是一件容易的事。这项工作进展缓慢，他们的气球也仍在下降，所以他们不得不放弃一些沙子全包。他们中的一个跌倒了一个冰冷的湖，并且是一个冰的黑洞。at last they pulled the box into the basket.

51、it was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from thesnow. they rose to 5,100 meters! everything became icy. they were so cold that they decided to land.they came down in poland heavily but safely. they had travelled 1,797 kilometers from london!最后他们拉扯了箱子。雪仍然下; 如此他们上升得到远离雪。 他们上升到 5,100 米! 一切变得冰

52、冷。 由于太冷了他们决定登陆。 他们虽然沉重，但是安全地在波兰着陆了。 他们从伦敦离开到现在一共行走了的 1,797 公里!passage 3one of the easiest ways to keep fit is to do jogging : “ jogging is the name for a very gentle running,it is just a little faster than walking.”最简单的方式，以保持身体健康就是做慢跑：“跑步是一个非常温和的运行，它是只比走路快而已。”start slow jog 20 meters, then walk 20 m

53、eters. little by little, if you are not feeling very tired, you may do more jogging and less walking. finally, jog the whole way. it will be easy for you to start joggingfor 15 minutes twice a week, slowly increase this to 20-30 minutes every day. the longer you join in jogging, the more you enjoy i

54、t and healthier you will become. some people like jogging alone, and others enjoy doing it with friends. jogging in groups make more people keener, because you just can not stay inbed while there is a group of friends waiting outside.开始缓慢慢跑 20 米，然后步行 20 米。一点点，如果你不感到非常疲倦，你可以做更多的慢跑，少 走路。最后，慢跑的整套方法。这将是

55、您轻松地开始慢跑 15 分钟，每周两次，慢慢提高至每天 20-30 分 钟。你的越长时间参加跑步，你越喜欢，你会变得健康。有些人喜欢独自慢跑的人，和其他人喜欢享受与 朋友一起慢跑。在慢跑团体人越多越激烈，因为你就不能留在床上，因为有一个团队的朋友在外面等候。if you want to start jogging, prepare a pair of comfortable shoes and determined mind.如果你想开始慢跑，准备一双舒适的鞋和坚定的态度。passage 4each year, we celebrate many holidays here in americ

56、a.每年，在美国我们有很多假日值得庆祝。on january 1, we celebrate the coming of a new year like many people in other countries. and we have another four holidays on the first day of a mouth: april fools day, may day, friendship day (aug. 1)and grandparents day (sep 1).1 月 1 日，像其他国家的许多人一样我们庆祝新的一年即将到来。并且我们有另外的四个假日是在每 月的

57、第一天度过的：4 月 1 日愚人节，五一，友谊日（8 月 1 日），祖父母，外祖父母日（9 月 1 日）。the most important holiday for the young people comes in febru ary. it is valentines day. lots ofboys give red roses to girls as a present.青年人的最重要的假日在 2 月。 它是情人节。 许多男孩送红色玫瑰给女孩作为礼物。people celebrate some holidays for theirs family members. we say thanks to our mother in may and celebrate fathers day in the following mouth. in november many people return home forthanksgiving day, so the whole family can stay together.人们有许多假日可以庆祝他们的家庭成员。 我们在 5 月说对我们的母亲表示感谢并且庆祝下一个月 的父亲节。 在 11 月许多人回家庆祝感恩节，因此全家能一起聚集。ther