SCI科研写作之摘要写作.ppt

1、Specific Writing Skills of Abstracts in Bio-Medical Research Papers,刘帅 广州中医药大学,Outline,1 Introduction of Abstracts 2 Compositions of Structured Abstract 3 Writing Skills 4 Conclusion 5 Assignments,Introduction of Abstracts,What is Abstract? An abstract is defined as an abbreviated , accurate represe

2、ntation of the contents of a document, prepared by its author (s) for publication with it. Such abstracts are also useful in access publications and machine-readable data bases. -American National Standards Institute,Types of Abstracts,1) Indicative Abstract 指示性摘要 (2) Informative Abstract 报道性摘要 (3)

3、Informative-Indicative Abstract 报道-指示性摘要 (4) Structured Abstract 结构式摘要 (5) Critical Abstract 评论性摘要,Indicative Abstract,Key points involved only No information of methods and materials No information of data and results Not very long sentences (some are even with one or two sentences) Generally, pres

4、ent tense and perfect present tense are used,论原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤 Primary Lymphomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract,本文综述了治疗原发于胃肠道淋巴瘤的主要经验 ，并就该病的临床、病理及治疗等问题进行了讨论。 Abstract: An institutional experience with primary gastrointestinal Lymphoma (PGL) is reviewed. The clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic aspects of P

5、GL are discussed,Informative Abstract,Concrete information are included: A: Brief Introduction：Background, Objective/Purpose, Explanation; B: Procedure and Result of the Research C: Conclusion D: Future Prospects,恶性高血压与吸烟 (Malignant Hypertension and Cigarette Smoking,摘要： 将48例高血压患者与92例非恶性高作了吸烟习 惯的对比研

6、究。初诊时已吸烟的恶性高血压患者有33 例，非恶性患者34例，两者之间有明显差异。即使对男 性患者进行比较，或将白人与黑人分别进行比较，这种差 异也仍然显著。本研究表明：恶性高血压是一种与吸烟有 关的疾病,Abstract: The smoking habit of 48 patients with malignant hypertension was compared with those of 92 consecutive patients with non-malignant hypertension. Thirty-three of the patients with malignan

7、t and 34 of the patients with non- malignant hypertension were smokers when first diagnosed. This difference was significant, and remained so when only men or black and white patients were considered separately. Results suggest that malignant hypertension is yet another disease related to cigarette

8、smoking,Structured Abstract,The most popular type and example -Structured Abstract Dr. Haynes firstly used Structured Abstract on Annal of Internal Medicine内科学记事in 1987 Since then, this type of abstract has been widely used by biological and medical journals, esp. medical journals Famous medical jou

9、rnals like JAMA, New England Journal of Medicine, etc,Factor V Leiden and PTG20210A gene mutation in patients with venous thrombosis and healthy blood donors Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the incidence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutation in patients with venous thrombosis and

10、 healthy volunteers. Methods: Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutation were analyzed in 97 cases of venous thrombosis and 100 healthy volunteers with the methods of one-step PCR-RFLP. Results: PCR products for the factor V gene (175bp) and for the prothrobin gene (118 bp) were identifie

11、d to 157 bp and 98 bp fragments by electrophoreses after Taq I treatment. No factor V Leiden and prothrombien gene G20210A mutation were found in either group. Conclusion: The low incidence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutation suggest that they are not the major genetic risk fact

12、ors for thrombophilia in the Chinese population. - International Journal of Hematology, 2007 Springer,Compositions of Structured Abstract,1）OMRAC/ AMRAC Format (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, Vancouver Style, 1997) (国际医学期刊编辑委员会温哥华 格式) Objective/Purpose/Aim 目的 Methods 方法 Results

13、结果 Conclusion 结论 The pattern for most journals of both domestic Methods; Results; Conclusions Lancet: Background; Methods; Findings; Interpretation JAMA (Journal of American Medical Association): Context(背景); Objective; Design, Setting(地点), and Participants; Main Outcome Measure(主要观察 指标); Results; C

14、onclusion,Characteristics of Structured Abstract,1) Assist health professionals in selecting clinically relevant and methodologically valid journal articles for its clear daily dose/ the dosage in a day; the initial dose; a/ the total dose 2.3.5 “疗效” 的表达 curative/ therapeutic effect; efficacy of the

15、 treatment/ drug High efficacy; good curative effect/ respond well to Criteria to test the efficacy / effectiveness,3 Results 3.1 时态(Past Tense) We found that the level of plasma obese protein in the NIDDM patients was significant lower than that of the normal subjects and the obesity patients , and

16、 was closely correlated to the symptom of polyphagia(贪食症). Two patients developed diffuse alveolar damage due to acute respiratory distress syndrome(急性呼吸窘迫综合症) and were ventilator dependent for more than 20 days. Twenty-two of 24 patients who underwent the combined procedures were glad that they had

17、 both procedures concomitantly,3.2 表达结果的句型 3.2.1 叙述观察结果 We found/ observed that It was found/ observed/ noted/ seen/ recorded that 3.2.2 量的变化 (1) the prevalence increased with age estrogen replacement therapy reduced excretion of zinc level rapidly declined in HL-60 cells following but were transien

18、tly elevated by two other apoptosis (2) Cell number increased by almost 50% during the first 24 hours zinc excretion decreased by 35% aster 3 months and,3.2.3 评价效果及其他 Overall clinical effects were excellent in 2, good in 12 with an efficacy rate of 100%. The direct health care costs forpatients exce

19、eded those for patients by almost 2-fols,4 Conclusion 4.1 时态(Present Tense) This study suggests that IVIG can ameliorate the symptoms and improve the functional capability of RA patients . Combination pelvic floor surgery provides good outcomes and is cost effective. This approach should be offered

20、to women with concurrent problems In conclusion, patients infected with influenza A subtypes H5N1 are at risk of major complications, especially severe primary viral pneumonia. Rapid viral diagnosis is feasible and useful in clinical management,4.2 表达结论常用句型 4.2.1 作者结论的表达 show(s) / showed suggest(s)/

21、 -ed results confirm(s)/ -ed findings indicate(s)/ -ed (1) The /Our studies demonstrate(s) /-d data support(s)/ -ed observation accord(s)/-ed with analysis point(s)/ -ed out reveal(s)/ -ed provide(s,This study suggests that IVIG can ameliorate the symptoms and improve the functional capability of RA

22、 patients. The results strongly support the hypothesis that plasma kallikrein is present in synovial fluid. Results indicate that growth hormone or its secondary mediators may directly stimulate the cells of the epidermis (2) It is concluded that / In conclusion / We (The author concluded that / Our

23、 conclusion is that On the basis of the obtained results, it has been concluded that We thus concluded that (1) Vitamin C significantly alleviates the symptoms of the common cold,3) We feel/ think/ believe/ consider that The authors propose/ recommend that It is proposed/ recommended that Our /The a

24、uthors opinion is that / The authors are of the opinion that We suspect that / It is suspected that,4.2.2 其他常用句型 （1）表示关系的句型 There was a /an association of A with B. did not demonstrate an association of A with B correlation was found between A and B Correlation between concentrations in A and B seru

25、m was poor The relationship between A and B has been well established in Histo-pathological studies. No relationship was noted between A and B. Regression analysis showed no relationship between A and B. In contrast, there were highly significant relationships between A and B,2）对未来展望的表达 It can be expected that should be