非谓语动词讲解

1、非谓语动词分步讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词 就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：do neing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被二、三种形式的含义（基本用法） 不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的动和完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式不定式主动to do被动 to be donging形式主动doing 被动 being done 过去分词被动done完成式to have doneto have bee n donehav ing donehav

2、ing bee n done进行式to be doing四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前力卩 not, never.即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词ing形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doi ng （-i ng形式作主语时，用的所有 格+ doing）1、2、语。34判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓done;之后常用to do;同时常用doing。六、非谓语

3、动词的做题步骤 判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语动词ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。惯性的动作。如：is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Waiki ng C. To walk D. Walk份析）a good for

4、m暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + （for / of sb. ） to do sth.It important for us to learn English well.It kSd of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It nogood / use doing sth.It useless doing sth.There is no n eed to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较a不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：My job is

5、 teaching / to teach English. （teaching / to teach English是 my job 的内容） Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表语要用同一种形式）b分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语 的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise （使某人吃excite （激move （感惊），surprising （令人吃惊），surprised住语）感到吃惊）类似动词有： 动），astonish 惊奇），shock 震惊

6、），scare 惊恐），disappoint （失望）， 动）， 女口： The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.remai n （仍c 在 seem / appear 似乎，好像），prove / turn out （被证明是）， 然是，尚待）等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed （to be ） very happy.whether theyHaving a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it rema ins will enjoy it. （to be

7、see n）二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较1只能接不定式的动词：a. （想要）want, would like, would p refer, ask, dema nd, intend, desire,b. （希望） wish, hope, expect,c. （决定）agree, decide, man age, pro mise, choose, con ti nue, plan, prep are, make upne min d, try one best, offer, apply,d. ha ppen, lear n, fail, p rete nd, refuse, afford

8、2、只能接动名词的动词：suggest, advise建议）,fini sh, mi nd（介意），enjoy （喜欢），app reciate （鉴赏，感激）， forbid 禁止），avoid （避免），can help doing （忍不住）,risk （冒险），feel like （想要）， delay, put off （推迟），give up （放弃），be busy （忙于），be worth （值得），practise （反 复练习），3接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：remember to do 记得去做， remember doing 记得做过 forget to do

9、忘记去做， forget doing 忘记做过了，regret to do 遗憾去做，regret doing 后悔做 过,try to do设法去做，try doing试着做，go on to do接着做另一件事， go on doing继续做同一件事， mea n to do 打算做，mea n doing意味着做,sto p to do 停下来去做，st op doing停 止做,cant help （to） do不能帮助做，can help doing忍不住做。女口： In some parts of London, missing a bus meansfor another hou

10、r.A. wait ing B. to wait C. wait D. to be wait ing A4表示未实现的愿望的动词，即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做 这些动词 plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, exp ect，用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示。Would like / love 只用 would like to have done如：to the p arty last ni ght but I had to work extra hours to finish the

11、 rI would loveep ort.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. hav ing gone B5要接动名词的几个句型prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing 阻止 做）spend / waste time / money in doing sth.在花费或浪费时间或钱how about / what about doinghave some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做 有困难have a hard / good time in doing做很

12、艰难或做很愉快There is no sense / point in doing6含介词to的短语look forward to 盼望，devote t致力于、献身于， be / get used to习惯于， lead to 导致，get down to 着手做，pay attention to 注意，refer to 谈到，所指， 参考，equal to等于，能胜任，belong to属于如：Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had tosome school for poor childre n.A. set up B. sett in

13、g up C. have set up D. hav ing set up7、介词but （除了）后接不定式：女口： have no choice but to do sth.没有别的选择 只好做 但当but前有形为动词 do时，but后的不定式省to.如：Sandy could do no thi ng butto his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitti ng D. to admit A8. permit / allow （允许），advise建议），forbid （禁止），有两种用法：一是后接 动名词，二是

14、后接“ sb+ to do sth ”9 need, want, require意为 需要”，主语是物时，用句型：need, want, require + doing（用动词ing主动形式表被动意义）to be done三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较1 不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask sb to do sth （sb作宾语，to do sth作宾补，宾语+宾补=复合宾语）类似动词有：警告in vite, tell, want, en courage, advise, order, requir, foce, beg, cause, allow, p ermit, for b

15、id （禁止），warn （警告），remind, teach, call on （号召），depend on （指望）， would like / love （想要），prefer, wish, expect, （hope 不带复合宾语）注： hel p sb （to） do sth.2使役动词后接不带to的不定式let / make / have sb do sth .但使役动词的被动语态常用：be made to do sth.注：get sb to do sth.也译成 让某人做 by his littleThough he had ofte n made his little sis

16、ter, today he was madesister.A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry3感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, no tice句型：感官动词+ sb + do / doing / done分别表示全过程、正在发生、被动完成)1) They knew her very well. They had see n herup from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was grow ing D. to grow A2) T

17、he miss ing boy was last see nn ear the river.A. p layi ng B. to be p layi ng C. p lay D. to p lay A4 with的复合结构：with +宾+宾补。作宾补的词可以是：形容词、副词(in, out), 介词短语，非谓语形式)。With的复合结构的宾补中的非谓语形式to do表示将 来，doing表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。The murderer was brought in, with his handsbehi nd his back.A. being tied B. hav ing

18、 tied C. to be tied D. tied D5 have 句型：have sb do sth, have sb/ sth doing, have sb /sth donehave sth done表示两种意义：请别人做，而不是主语做；意外事故引起的。女口： He did n ktep on ask ing me the time any Ion ger as he had had his watchA. to rep air B. rep aired C. rep airi ng D. rep air B6 find + 宾语 + 宾补(doing / done) , keep

19、+宾+doing, catch sb + doing 撞见某 人在做)，smell sb +doing察觉到某人在做)He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the po cket of a p assager.A. put B. to be pu tt ing C. to put D. pu tt ing D7、表示 认为”的 think, believe, consider, judge 等，常用句型：think sb (to be )+ adj. / n. , be con sidered to have done sth 被认为已做

20、了某事8 make on eself un derstood / heard / kn ow n ,即用了过去分词作作宾补9 句型 It is said / reported / thought / known that 可变成：sb / sth be said / rep orted to have done sth.女口： Robert is saidabroad, but don know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be study ing D. to have bee n study

21、ing A四、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语a作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do 不用于 句首)b. 原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surp ried, disa ppoin ted.不 定式不放在句首。女口： I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.c. 结果：常用only to do来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在 谓语动作之后。另夕卜 固定结构：too - -

22、to do, enough to do, so / suchas to do中， 不定式也作结果状语。d. 在形容词后作状语，只用不定式女口：The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.)We find the lake safe to swim in.注意尾介词)2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就 不作目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词(if, uni ess, whe n, while, once (一旦) though, although)1) time, he m

23、ake a first-class tennis player.A. Havi ng give n B. To give C. Givi ng D. Give n D2) I won attend his wedding.A. uni ess in vited B. if in vited C. uni ess in vit ing五、三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较1不定式作定语常表示用要做”和修饰the +序数词”常用句型：have / there be / with + 宾语 + to do分析：以I have homework to do.为例：不定式作定语有两种关系：I do home

24、worka. 主谓关系：b. 动宾关系：to do与homework构成动宾关系注意：以 Jack, do you have some clothes?A. to wash B. to be washed 例：Bo分析：(1)动宾关系：wash clothes成立；(2)主谓关系：You wash clothes 成立吗？根据句意，显然不是。这里的洗衣服是说话做，而不是句子的主语 you.所以只能用不定式的被动式，选 女口： 1) He gave me a book to read.2) There are five pairs, butl rat a loss which to choose

25、.A. to be chose n B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choos ing B (根据语境，可知是有五双可供选择，即从5中选1,而不是选5)3) There are always people toif you feel like a chat.A. talk to B. talk C. sp eak about D. sp eak A(to talk要与peopie构成动宾关系，要用短语 talk to / with sb)2、分词作定语：单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前，而分词短语常放在 后面。(1) They made effo

26、rts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.过去分词表被 动和完成)(2) I want to write about people addicted to drugs.比较：a slee ping boy (= a boy who is slee pin g); a swimmi ng p ool (= a p ool for swimmi ng) falli ng leaves (leaves that are falli ng); falle n leaves (leaves that have falle n dow n) a developing country 发展中国家);a developed country (发达国家)3、to be done, being done, done 作定语的区另y这三个都表示被动，就是时间不同。To be done表将来，being done 表同时进行，done表完成。注意：having been don