【亲自手工整理】川大生科院考研-普通生物学(林宏辉版)名词解释(最新整理)

1、普通生物学（林宏辉版）名词解释1. chromatin 染色质2. ribozyme 核酶3. -helix -螺旋4. -sheet -折叠5. subunit 亚基6. prokaryotic cell 原核细胞7. eukaryotic cell 真核细胞8. plasmid 质粒9. plasma membrane 细胞质膜10. passive transport 被动运输11. active transport 主动运输12. simple diffusion 简单扩散13. plasmolysis 质壁分离14. facilitated diffusion 易化扩散15. co-

2、transport 协同运输16. endocytosis 胞吞作用17. exocytosis 胞吐作用18. plasmodesma 胞间连丝19. smooth/rough er 光面/糙面内质网20. lysosome 溶酶体21. photosynthesis 光合作用22. mitochondrion 线粒体23. cellular respiration 细胞呼吸24. ribosome 核糖体25. cytoskeleton 细胞骨架26. histone 组蛋白27. cell junction 细胞连接28. amitosis/mitosis 无丝/有丝分裂29. meio

3、sis 减数分裂30. cell cycle 细胞周期31. check point 检验点32. cell differentiation 细胞分化33. totipotency 细胞全能性34. totipotent cell 全能性细胞35. stem cell 干细胞36. oncogene 癌基因37. hayflick limitation hayflick 界限38. telomere 端粒39. apoptosis 细胞凋亡40. necrosis 细胞坏死41. contractile ring 收缩环42. homologous chromosome 同源染色体43. sy

4、napsis 联会44. mpf 成熟促进因子45. cyclin 细胞周期蛋白46. tumor suppressor gene 肿瘤抑制基因47. segregation 分离48. dominant/recessive character 显性/隐形性状49. recombination 重组50. allele 等位基因51. incomplete dominance 不完全显性52. codominance 共显性53. mosaic dominance 嵌镶显性54. epistatic effect 上位作用55. linkage map 基因连锁图56. dosage comp

5、ensation effect 计量补偿效应57. regulatory gene 调节基因58. promotor 启动子59. operator 操纵基因60. split gene 断裂基因61. exon 外显子62. intron 内含子63. enhancer 增强子64. terminator 终止子65. insutator 绝缘子66. overlapping gene 重叠基因67. central dogma 中心法则68. reverse transcription 反转录69. semiconservative replication 半保留复制70. dna pol

6、ymerase dna 聚合酶71. transcription 转录72. template strand 模板链73. coding strand 编码链74. degeneracy 简并性75. wobble hypothesis 摆动假说76. operon 操纵子77. repressor 阻遏蛋白78. anttenuation 弱化作用79. antisence rna 反义 rna80. rna interference rna 干扰81. site-specific recombination 位点专一性重组82. intergrative recombination 整合式

7、重组83. transposon 转座子84. genomics 基因组学85. proteomics 蛋白质组学86. mutation 突变87. terminal deficiency 顶端缺失88. interstitial deficiency 中间缺失89. duplication 重复90. inversion 倒位91. translocation 易位92. spontaneous mutation 自发突变93. induced mutation 诱发突变94. base-pair substitution 碱基替换95. frameshift mutation 移码突变9

8、6. deletion mutation 缺失突变97. missense mutation 错意突变98. nonsense mutation 无义突变99. neutral mutation 中性突变100. silent mutation 沉默突变101. spontaneous lesion 自发损伤102. dynamic mutation 动态突变103. site specific mutagenesis of gene 基因定点突变104. excision repair 剪切修复105. recombination repair 重组修复106. transcription-

9、coupled repair 转录偶联修复107. tranlesion synthesis 移损合成108. marker chromosome 标志染色体109. retrotransposition 逆转座110. gene engineering 基因工程111. restriction endonuclease 限制性内切酶112. palindrome 回文序列113. ligase 连接酶114. vector 分子克隆载体115. plasmid 质粒116. genetic transformation 遗传转化117. transfection 转染118. compete

10、nt cell 感受态细胞119. transgenic crop 转基因作物120. epigenetics 表观遗传学121. bioreactor 生物反应器122. capsid 衣壳123. viroid 类病毒124. virino 朊病毒125. nucleoid 拟核126. lichen 地衣127. body cavity 体腔128. coelom 真体腔129. metamerism 分节现象130. metamorphosis 变态发育131. photosynthesis 光合作用132. vessel 导管133. sieve tube 筛管134. pollin

11、ation 传粉135. double fertilization 双受精136. seed germination 种子萌发137. auxin 生长素138. neuron 神经元139. homeostasis 稳态140. sarcomere 肌小节141. sinoatrial node （sa 结）窦房结142. cardiac cycle 心动周期143. immunity 免疫144. immune response 免疫反应145. inflammatory response 炎症反应146. antigen 抗原147. antibody 抗体148. immunizati

12、on 免疫接种149. active immunization 主动免疫150. vaccine 疫苗151. vital capacity 肺活量152. digestion 消化153. absorption 吸收154. shivering 寒战155. schwann cell 施旺细胞156. ranvier node 郎飞氏结157. resting potential 静息电位158. depolarization 去极化159. repolarization 复极化160. neurotransmitter 神经递质161. tolerance 耐受性162. law of t

13、olerance 耐性定律163. population 种群164. random distribution 随机分布165. biodiversity hot spot 生物多样性热点166. age-specific death rate 特定年龄死亡率167. cohort life table 动态生命表168. static life table 静态生命表169. survivorship curve 存活曲线170. intraspecific competition 种内竞争171. self-thinning 自疏172. natal dispersal 出生扩散173.

14、discrete generation 离散世代174. intrinsic growth rate 内禀增长率175. logistic growth 逻辑斯谛增长176. ecological strategy 生态对策177. pulse-matching strategy 脉冲匹配对策178. matepopulation mate 种群179. community 群落180. constructive species 建群种181. rank-abundance curve 秩-多度曲线182. exploitation competition 利用性竞争183. interfer

15、ence competition 干扰性竞争184. competitive exclusion principle 竞争排次原理185. niche 生态位186. fundamental niche 基础生态位187. realized niche 现实生态位188. coevolution 协同进化189. parasitism 寄生190. keystone species 冠石种191. mutualism 共生192. intermediate distribution hypothesis 中度干扰假说193. succession 演化194. ecological succe

16、ssion 生态演替195. climax community 顶级群落196. contingency 生物-环境依耐性197. primary production 初级生产198. food chain 食物链“”“”at the end, xiao bian gives you a passage. minand once said, people who learn to learn are very happy people. in every wonderful life, learning is an eternal theme. as a professional clerical and teaching position, i understand the importance of continuous learning, life is diligent, nothing can be gained, only continuous learning can achieve better self. only by constantly learning and mastering the latest relevant knowledge, can emp