todo、doing和done作补语的比较剖析(最新整理)

1、to do、doing 和 done作补语的比较一、在介词 with 后作宾补的非谓语动词形式1. with+宾+done，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或无时间性；2. with+宾+doing，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；3. with+宾+to do，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如：1. the murderer was brought in, with his handsbehind h is back. (全国卷)a. being ti

2、edb.having tiedc. tobe tiedd. tied【分析】答案选 d。his hand 与 tie 是被动关系，且带进时应己捆绑好了，表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作宾补。2. with a lot of difficult prob lems, the newly-elected p resident is having a hard time. ( 上海春)a. settled b. setting c. to s ettled. being settled【分析】答案选 c。由语境可知，问题还没有解决，用不定式指将来的动作。3. peter soonfell asleep

3、with thelight still（burn）.二、其宾语后可用分词或不定式的4 个动词在 leave, want, get,have 等动词的宾语后面可接 doing、done 或 todo。现分述如下：leavedoing 让一直(主动、持续进行)；leaveto do 让去做(主动、将来)；leavedone(被动)。如：1）donthile youleavebrushthewaterwyourteeth.(天津卷)nga. run runb.d.running torunc.bei2） leavethedoor firmly（fasten）让门紧闭着;3） leaveher(do)

4、asshe lik es 让她去做她喜欢做的事。want sb. doing 希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. todo 要某人做某事；want sth.done=want sth. tobe done(被动)。如：1）i dont want you(arriv e) late.2）i wanttheletter(ope n) now.3）theboss wantedhis workers (finish)thejobby friday.getsb. todo sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);getdoing 使处于某一状态中(主动、持续);getdone=havesth.

5、done 请人做 / 遭受(被动)。如：1) illtrytogether doctor. (上海卷)a. seeb.seeingc. toseed. forseeingthe【分析】答案选 c。getsb. todo sth. 使某人做某事。请比较： 2)the teacher gotthe children talk ing.让孩子说起话来；getthecomp uter repaired 将电脑送去修理；get his wrist broken 折断了手腕。have sth. done=get sth. done 请人做某事;have sb / sth. doingsth. 使某人/某物

6、一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(见使役动词)；have sth. todo 有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。如：1.she had her audience listen ing attentively.他使观众听得入神。2.hedidntkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhad hiswatch .(上海卷)a. torepair b.repairedc.repairingd.repair【分析】答案选 b。his watch与 repair 是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。三、可用分词但不用5 个动词tod

7、o作补语的keep, find 等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用 todo。在 catch(撞见),smell(闻到), start(使)等后通常只接现在分词作补语，不用不定式或过去分词。如：1. it was socold that theykept thefire 国卷)all night. ( 全a. toburnb.burnt c.burni ngd. burned【分析】答案选 c。keepdoing 让一直保持某种状态：让那盆火整夜燃着。2. a cook will be immediatelyfiredif he is found he kitchen.

8、 (全国卷)in ta. smokeb.smokingc.tosmoked. smoked【分析】答案选 b。find 后一般不能用 todo 作补语。he 与 smoke 是主动的，用 ing 形式作主语补语。3.ghtahemanlooked around hisandcauhandintothepocketofapassenger. (安徽卷)a. putb.tobe puttingc. toputd. putting【分析】答案选 d。后通常只接现在分词作补语，catch sb. doing s th.撞见某人在做某事。4.thesalesman scolded thegirl cau

9、ght f.(全国卷)andlet her ofa. to have stolen b. to be stealingc. to steald. stealing【分析】答案选 d。caught ste aling=who was caught stealing， 本句相当于：the salesman caught th e girl stealing. he scolded her and then let her off.四、可用tobe 或tohave done 作补语的 9个动词在表示“认为”的 think, consider,believe, suppose, prove, find

10、, unde rstand, judge, imagine 等动词后，可跟 to be 作补语(认为是)，一般不跟 to do；但在 think, consider, b elieve 等之后可跟 to have done 作补语(认为做了)。如：charles babage is generally considered uter. (全国卷)thefirstcompa.tohave inventedb.inventing c.t oinvent d.having invented【分析】答案选 a。本题是 consider sb. tohave done 的被动式。makeoneself后

11、常用understood 等过去分词作宾补make oneself understood / hea rd / seen / known 让别人明白自己的意思 / 让自己讲的话被别人听到/ 让自己被别人看到 / 让自己被别人认识。如：1. thespeaker raised his voic e but still couldnt makehimself _ .(全国卷)a. hearb.tohear c. hea ringd. heard【分析】答案选 d。makehimself heard 让他讲的话被别人听到。2. helen hadtoshout abovethesound ofthe

12、music. (广西卷)a. makingherself hear b.to makeherself hearc. making herself heard d. t o make herself heard【分析】答案选 d。使自己讲的话被别有听到，用 make oneself he ard，排除 a 和 b；作目的状语用不定式，排除 c。在 be said / reported 等后用不定式在 be said, be reported, be believe d, be supposed, be thought 等 后面，以及要求接不定式。1. he was reported to hav

13、e b roken the world record. 据报道他打破了世界纪录。(=it is reported that he has b roken the world record. )2. the flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in thecells inside the humanno se andthroat.(上海卷)a. cause b.being causedc. tobe causedd. tohave caused【分析】答案选 c。be believed 后要接动词不定式，排除 a 和 b； 又因

14、为 the flu 与 cause 是被动关系， 所以要用不定式的被动式。thefluis believed to be caus ed=it is believed / people believ e that the flu is caused人们认为3. robert is saidabroad, but i dontknow whatcoun tryhe studied in. (全国卷)a. tohave studiedb.tostudyc. tobe studying d. tohave been studying【分析】答案选 a。由 studied可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学

15、”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is s aid)之前，所以要用完成式。robert is said tohave studied abroad=it is said thatrobert studie d abroad据说“”“”at the end, xiao bian gives you a passage. minand once said, people who learn to learn are very happy people. in every wonderful life, learning is an eternal theme. as a professional clerical and teaching position, i understand the importance of continuous learning, life is diligent, nothing can be gained, only continuous learning can achieve better self. only by constantly learning and mastering the latest relevant knowledge, can employees from al