购物中心人流量相关外文文献翻译中英文

1、外文文献翻译原文及译文（节选重点翻译）购物中心人流量相关外文文献翻译中英文文献出处： Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1，2018：pp 307- 311译文字数：3300 多字英文Analysis of Activity Population and Mobility Impacts of a New Shopping Mall Using Mobile Phone BigdataKwang-Sub LeeAbstractThis paper is an explorative research, examining the impact of

2、the new shopping mall, Hyundai, in Seongnam city of Korea. The focuses are on the activity population and mobility around the major shopping malls in the city, including three pre-existing major shopping malls. For this purpose, we analyzed mobile phone records in 2015 and 2016, before and after the

3、 new shopping mall. The data represent total mobile users in Korea. The number of activity population in the Hyundai mall increased by 103%. The new shopping mall negatively impacted the nearest shopping mall, AK, decreasing activity population by 3%. Internal and external mobility showed that visit

4、ors coming from all regions to the Hyundai mall were increased, while internal population visiting to the SK mall showed mixed results. Local government and urban planners will find this case study to be of interest with regards to mitigating the impacts of a new shopping mall development in similar

5、 urban situations.Keywords：Impact analysis， Shopping mall， Activitypopulation， Mobility 1 IntroductionShopping malls are one or more buildings from a complex of shops representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to walk from unit to unit (Wikipedia). Nowadays they a

6、re not just for shopping, but are places where consumers visit for doing diverse activities for social life, economic activities, entertainment, recreational, and cultural functions. Shopping malls have become an inseparable element of spatial functions in large cities. In particular, most urban cit

7、ies in Korea have mixed used developments, and shopping malls offer consumers with an attractive and integrated community in which to live, work and shop.Shopping malls attract buyers, sellers and customers. They choose a shopping mall based on store assortment, convenience, distance to malls, econo

8、mic advantage and leisure facilities (Rajagopal 2009). Previous studies of the impacts of shopping malls have focused on the economic impacts (ICSC 2013; McGreevy 2016), the social impact on a city (Heffner and Twardzik 2014), the change of the functional structure of city (Dickinson and Rice 2010),

9、 and the choice of shopping malls (Borgers et al. 2013; Rajagopal 2009). It is inevitable that the opening of a new shopping mall has an impact on pre-existing shopping malls as well as on activity patterns in the surrounding area of shopping malls.The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact

10、of a mega shopping mall, Hyundai Pangyo department store in Seongnam city ofKorea, on the surrounding business district, and the pre-existing and competitive shopping malls located in the city. The focuses are on the activity population around the major shopping malls in the city, and on the spatial

11、 impacts and mobility of the visitors to the area. This study is an explorative research, and attempts to address those issues by examining mobile phone bigdata before and after the opening of the new shopping mall. Although when using mobile phone data it is hard to precisely distinguish shoppers o

12、r visitors inside the mall from those outside the mall, an analysis of changes in the number of activity population and mobility can provide valuable information on the planning issues that emerge from such major shopping mall developments.The paper reviews the study area and the dataset in the next

13、 section. It then presents the analysis of activity population and mobility surrounding four major shopping malls in the city. Conclusions and future researches are discussed in the final section.2 Study Area and Mobile Phone Bigdata2.1 Study AreaSeongnam is the second largest city in Koreas Gyeongg

14、i Province and the 10th largest city in the country. Its area is 141.72 km2 and population is about one million. Seongnam is a satellite city located immediately southeast of Seoul, and largely a residential city. Bundang, one of three districts in Seongnam, is a planned city and was developed inthe

15、 1990s to accelerate the dispersion of Seouls population to its suburbs and relieve the congested Seoul metropolitan area. All four major shopping malls analyzed in this paper are located in the Bundang district of Seongnam.The Hyundai shopping mall has opened in August, 2015. It is a big, complex s

16、hopping mall with about 900 shop units, 210 brands, 100 restaurants, and parking space for 2,700 cars. The building has 13 floors above ground and 6 underground. The total floor area is about 233,518 m2. The lot area is about 22,905 m2, which is equivalent to two soccer fields. Before the opening of

17、 the Hyundai shopping mall, there were big three shopping malls, including AK Plaza, Lotte, and NC, in Bundang-gu. Activity population and mobility of four shopping malls are compared in this paper.2.2 Description of Mobile Phone DataAs of 2014, about 57 million people owned mobile phones in Korea,

18、which is equal to 1.13 mobile phones per person on average. Thus, most of adults and teenagers have a mobile phone. For this analysis, we used the SKTs mobile phone data. The original mobile phone records were collected and preprocessed by SKT. First, every mobile phone signal is received by a nearb

19、y cellular tower, and the existing location and time information is stored in a server. Mobile traffic is identified by phone calls, SMS messages, notifications or updates from apps, or Internetconnections. A location of mobile phone is initially identified by a cellular tower, albeit covering a lar

20、ge area of at least 2,500 m2. Thus, SKT further segregated the identified location into a square cell area (50 m by 50 m), based on a spatial correlation of land use and the weights of the total floor areas of building types. SKT, one of three mobile phone telecommunication operators in Korea, consi

21、stently held about half of the countrys total mobile phone memberships. Before providing the dataset, SKT further expanded their mobile phone records to include the total mobile phone users in Korea, using the countrys market share rate. This is a huge advantage for the population and mobility analy

22、sis because the dataset represents the total population of mobile phone users.The daily records consist of 16 columns. The data include information on the number of users at each cell grouped by age and gender of users, the coordinates of the cell location, and the users home location. It should be

23、noted that it is a daily-based records, and double counts are not allowed in the same cell in the same day. The data do not store a person logs in order to protect privacy. For this study, we analyzed two weeks of data in two years (March 1622, 2015 and March 1420, 2016). The dataset include about 1

24、60 million records per day on average.3 Analysis3.1 Changes of Activity PopulationWe analyzed one week of mobile phone data in each year of 2015and 2016. Activity population is defined as the number of mobile phone users in this paper, who are located in a 50 m cell. To compare activity population b

25、efore and after the opening of a new shopping mall, we need the number of population visiting to a shopping mall. However, when using mobile phone data, it is very difficult to identify whether people are inside a shopping mall with purposes of vising the mall, because the data does not have an acti

26、vity or trip purpose and the exact destination. Thus, we extract the number of activity population located within a certain catchment area instead of in a cell. This study specifically interested in the comparison of changes of activity population, including shoppers in the mall as well as visitors

27、around the mall. For this reason, we analyzed activity population in catchment areas ranged from 100 m to 300 m with an interval of 50 m, and we determined 300 m as the reasonable catchment area in this paper.First, we examined activity patterns by day of the week, and found that they were very simi

28、lar to all shopping malls. The number of activity population gradually increased from Monday to Friday, and dropped on weekends. The peak activity population was appeared on Friday. However, activity patterns in 2016 showed slightly different patterns in 2015. The number of activity population on Sa

29、turday was lower than that of Monday in 2015. However, the number of population on Saturday was very similar that of Monday in 2016. All shopping malls showed thesepatterns.We compared average daily activity population in four malls in 2015 and 2016. We compared average daily activity population wit

30、hin 300 m before and after the new shopping mall. Activity population in the Hyundai shopping mall increased by 103% in 2016, while that of the AK shopping mall slightly decreased by 3%. The AK mall is the nearest shopping mall from the Hyundai mall, locating in 1.3 km away from the east-south of th

31、e Hyundai mall. Thus, the opening of the Hyundai mall negatively impacted the AK mall. On the other hand, activity population in both Lotte and NC malls increased by 8% and 78%, respectively in 2016. The distances are 1.6 km and 2.4 km, respectively, away from the Hyundai mall. So, it is interesting

32、 that the NC mall was not negatively impacted by the Hyundai mall.We analyzed shows the population differences of three shopping malls in each catchment areas. In all catchment areas, activity population in 2016 in the AK mall were decreased compared to those in 2015, while those in the Hyundai mall

33、 were increased. The activity population in the Lotte mall decreased within 250 m, while they are increased within 300 m.3.2 Changes of MobilityShoppers are willing to sacrifice longer distances and travel times in order to go to larger shopping malls with more options. According to the spatial inte

34、raction theory, the distance a consumer is willing to travel to ashopping center is proportional to the size of the shopping center even though the shopping center is far (Openshaw 1975; Kanoga et al. 2015). Therefore shoppers spend more on travel cost and time to get what they want from a larger ma

35、ll as long as it is accessible.We analyzed visitors to each shopping mall, and particularly focused on the place where they are coming from, using the home location information from mobile phone data. For this purpose, we divided activity population into two groups depending on the home location: (1

36、) internal population, whose home is in Seongnam, and (2) external population whose home is outside of Seongnam, such as Seoul and Gyeonggi. Internal population in all administrative dongs of Seongnam visiting to the Hyundai mall were increased on both weekdays and weekends in 2016. External populat

37、ion were also increased in all outside regions, except Gangwon-do. Compared to the Hyundai mall, internal population visiting to the AK mall showed mixed results: that is, the number of internal population visiting from Seohyun-dong and Backhyun-dong was increased, while the number was decreased vis

38、iting from Jungja-dong. External population visiting to the AK mall from most of regions outside Seongnam were decreased.4 ConclusionThis paper is a preliminary research attempting to assess the impact of the opening of the new shopping mall, using mobile phone data. Itcompared the new shopping mall

39、 and the pre-existing shopping malls, focusing on activity population and mobility surrounding the shopping malls.First, activity patterns by day of the week were very similar to all shopping malls, gradually increased from Monday to Friday and dropped on weekends. However, the number of activity po

40、pulation on Saturday in 2015 was much lower than on Monday, while its on Saturday in 2016 was very similar on Monday in 2016. Second, we compared activity population within 300 m of each shopping mall, and found that the new shopping mall, Hyundai, negatively impacted to the nearest shopping mall, A

41、K. The number of activity population of the Hyundai mall increased by 103%, while that of the AK shopping mall decreased by 3%. Third, we investigated visitors mobility. Internal and external population visiting to the Hyundai mall were increased in 2016, compared to 2015, while the population visit

42、ing to the AK mall showed mixed results.It is difficult to separate actual mall visitors from people not actually visiting to the mall when using mobile phone records. Nevertheless, local government and urban planners will find this case study to be of interest with regards to mitigating the impacts

43、 of a new shopping mall development in similar urban situations.More works in the future are expected for the analysis of the impact of a new shopping mall such as identifying the factors affecting activitypopulation around shopping malls and interconnecting the reason for vising shopping malls with

44、 land use information and network service.译文使用手机大数据分析新购物中心的人流量和流动性影响Kwang-Sub Lee摘要本文是一项探索性研究，考察了位于韩国城南市的现代购物中心的影响。重点关注城市主要购物中心（包括三个现有的主要购物中心）周围的人流量和出行情况。为此，我们分析了新购物中心前后 2015 年和 2016 年的手机记录。数据代表韩国的移动用户总数。现代购物中心的人流量数量增加了 103。新的购物中心对最近的购物中心 AK 产生了负面影响，使人流量减少了 3。内部和外部的流动性表明，来自各个地区的现代购物中心游客都在增加，而访问 SK 购

45、物中心的内部人群则喜忧参半。关键词：影响分析， 购物中心， 人流量， 流动性1 引言大型购物中心是一栋或多栋建筑物，由代表商贩的商店组成， 具有相互连接的人行道，使顾客可以在单位之间步行（维基百科）。如今，它们不仅用于购物，而且是消费者前往那里进行社交活动， 经济活动，娱乐，娱乐和文化功能的各种活动的地方。购物中心已成为大城市空间功能不可分割的组成部分。特别是，韩国大多数城市都采用了混合开发项目，大型购物中心为消费者提供了一个吸引人的综合社区，供人们在其中居住，工作和购物。大型购物中心吸引着买家，卖家和顾客。他们根据商店的种类， 便利性，与购物中心的距离，经济优势和休闲设施来选择购物中心（Ra

46、jagopal2009）。以往关于购物中心影响的研究主要集中在经济影响（ICSC 2013； McGreevy 2016），对城市的社会影响（Heffner andTwardzik2014），城市功能结构的变化（DickinsonandRice 2010），以及购物商场的选择（Borgers 等，2013； Rajagopal，2009）。不可避免的是，新的购物中心的开业会影响既有的购物中心以及购物中心周围地区的活动方式。本文的目的是研究一个大型购物中心，位于韩国城南市的现代Pangyo 百货商店对周围商业区以及位于该市的现有购物中心的影响。重点是城市主要购物中心周围的人流量，以及该地区游客的

47、空间影 响和流动性。这项研究是一项探索性研究，试图通过在新购物中心 开业之前和之后检查手机大数据来解决这些问题。尽管在使用手机 数据时，很难准确区分购物中心内的购物者或访客与购物中心外的 顾客，本文将在下一部分中回顾研究区域和数据集。然后，它介绍了该市四个主要购物中心周围的人流量和流动性分析。结论和未来的研究将在最后一节中讨论。2 样本区域和手机大数据2.1 样本区域城南一和是韩国京畿道的第二大城市和 10日在该国最大的城市。其面积为 141.72 km 2，人口约为一百万。城南市（Seongnam） 是位于首尔东南部的卫星城市，主要是一个居住城市。Bundang 是城南市的三个地区之一，是一

48、个规划中的城市，始建于 1990 年代， 目的是加快汉城人口向郊区的分散并缓解拥挤的汉城市区。本文分析的所有四个主要购物中心都位于城南的盆唐区。现代购物中心于 2015 年 8 月开业。这是一个大型，复杂的购物中心，拥有约 900 个店铺，210 个品牌，100 个餐厅以及 2700 辆汽车的停车位。该建筑地上 13 层，地下 6 层。总建筑面积约为233,518 m 2。场地面积约为 22,905 m 2，相当于两个足球场。现代购物中心开业之前，盆唐区有 AK 广场，乐天和北卡罗来纳州三大购物中心。本文比较了四个购物中心的人流量和流动性。2.2 手机数据说明截至 2014 年，韩国拥有手机的

49、人口约为 5700 万人，平均每人拥有 1.13 部手机。因此，大多数成年人和青少年都有手机。在此分析中，我们使用了 SKT 的手机数据。手机原始记录由 SKT 收集和预处理。首先，附近的蜂窝塔接收到每个手机信号，并将现有的位置和时间信息存储在服务器中。移动流量通过电话，SMS 消息，来自应用程序的通知或更新或 Internet 连接来标识。移动电话的位置最初是由蜂窝塔标识的，尽管其覆盖的面积至少为 2500 m 2。因此， SKT 根据土地利用的空间相关性和建筑物类型总楼面面积的权重， 将识别出的位置进一步划分为正方形单元区域（50 m x 50 m）。SKT是韩国三大移动电话运营商之一，一

50、直持有该国约一半的移动电话会员资格。在提供数据集之前，SKT 使用韩国的市场份额进一步扩展了他们的手机记录，以包括韩国的手机总用户。这对于人口和移动性分析是一个巨大的优势，因为数据集代表了移动电话用户的总人口。每日记录包括 16 列。数据包括有关按用户年龄和性别分组的每个单元上的用户数，单元位置的坐标以及用户的家庭位置的信息。请注意，这是基于每日的记录，并且同一天在同一单元格中不允许重复计数。数据不存储人员日志以保护隐私。对于本研究，我们分析了两年（2015 年 3 月 16 日至 22 日和 2016 年 3 月 14 日至 20 日） 中两周的数据。该数据集平均每天包含约 1.6 亿条记录。3 分析3.1 人流量的变化我们分析了 2015 年和 2016 年每年的一周手机数据。人流量的定义是本文中位于 50 m 小区中的手机用户数量。为了比较新购物中心开业前后的人流量，我们需要参观购物中心的