2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词章振邦语法书页数标注

1、Subjun ctive mood(P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体 P181-190, 395)条件句14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The pastten se in the sentence refers to a _B. (p128) 2017A. past eve nt for exact time refere neeB. prese nt eve nt forten tative nessC. prese nt eve nt for un certa intyD. past eve nt f

2、or polite nessV. in specific con texts,the simple past can also denote theprese nt or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时”(attitudinalpast),即表示说话人当前的 试探性态度，而非过去时间，多用于 表示意愿或心理状态的动词)，that is , the past ten se isassociated with the prese nt time in in de

3、pe ndent clauses express ing a questio n, request or suggesti on .Its effect isto makethe question/request/suggestionless direct , implyinga polite , somewhat tentative attitude 试探性态度，婉转语气 on the part of the speaker.A: Did you want me?B. Y es, I won dered if you could give me some help .The other is

4、 what we call theWant, won der, think, hopehypothetical past. The simplepast refers not to a fact but to a non-fact, and is typically found in that-clauses follow ing such con structi ons as It s time .I wishI d ratherSupposeAs if.18315. “ If I were you, I wouldn t wait to propose to her. ” Thesubj

5、un ctive mood in the sentence is used toDA. alleviate hostilityB. express unfavorablefeeli ngsC. i ndicate un certa intyD. make a suggesti onWere-subj un ctive hassubjects of all pers ons,only on form were, which applies tois hypothetical or un real in mea ningIf, if only, as if, as though, though,W

6、ish, would rather, suppose, imag ine,As it were( so to speak) 宛如，好比54.lf on ly the patie nt a differe nt treatme nt in stead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. P 186 2007A.had received B.receivedC. should receive D.were receiving正确答案为 A）. If only引导的虚拟语气，解释为”要是该多好啊! ”. 与现在的事实相反的则

7、if only 后接过去式 did, 和过去事实 相反的则接过去完成时 had done. 这里是说要是这个病人接受了不 同的治疗方式 （其实那个时候并没有接受 ）, 与过去事实相反用过去完 成时 . 句意 : 如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法 , 他现在 可能还活着呢 .51. If only I play the guitar as well as you! 2006P 186 P192A would B couldC shouldD might52. 正确答案为 B）. could 表示能够 , 是一种一般能力 . 表示具体能 力用 be able to . p. 192 If

8、only 引导的虚拟语气 , 表示”要是. 该多好啊 ! ” . 句意 : 要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he able to advise you much better than I can.（ 2005 年 51 题）2015A. would beB. will have bee nC. wasD. were15. If you expla ined the situati on to your lawyer, he able to advise you muchbett

9、er than I can. (2015)(395/381)2005A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were译文如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出好 的建议。考点虚拟语气。本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained，但这是复合时态形式，主句说明其内容与 现在/将来的情 况相反，所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。B, C不用于虚拟语气；D. were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。9. if I had arrived yesterday without letting you knowbeforeha nd?(2004 年 44 题)A

10、. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you bee n surprisedD. Would you have bee nsurprised44.答案：A参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。详细解答：这是一个错综时间条件句。条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作， 发生的时间 是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。10. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if therequite such a cr

11、owd of people there.（2000 年 49 题）A. weren tB. hasn t beenC. hadn t beenD. wouldn t be解析考点：虚拟语气。由于主句中使用了 would have done,即表 示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用 had don e。译文若不 是那儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。11. If your car any atte ntio nduri ng the first 12 mon ths,take it to an authorized dealer.（1998 年 43 题）A. shall n eedB

12、. should n eedC. would n eedD. will n eed情态动词。should可以表示语气较强的假设，出现在if从句中或用 于省略了 if的条件句句首位置上。例如：a. If you should change your mind , please let us knowb. Should you be interested, I have a book on the subject you might like to see .should的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中，表示“万一”、“假若”。shall有类似用法，用于if、when等引导的从句中，表示将 来的可能

13、性，不过语气太强。例如：,come to me again .c . If you shall ever change your opinion should 如果用在以 if 和 in case 引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能 发生。有时在这种句子中主语和 should 可以倒装， 把 should 放在句 首。译文 如果你购买的车子在最初 12个月内出现问题，请与授权经销 商交涉。12. , I will marry him all the same. （2004 年 42 题） 票A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poorC. Were

14、he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerbing support. 表让步 里，be用于虚拟语气句，引导一个（选择性）让步状语从句，相当于 whether he be rich or poor 。由于 whether 省略，这时 be 需要提 前。B其实也讲得通，只是意思上不同，前者表示：不管我是富还是 穷，我都要嫁给他。又如： Whether rich or poor ， old or young ， all have to die （ 新时代英汉大

15、典 ） 译文 不管他是富还是穷， 我都要嫁给他。Whether it （he）be.or 结构，意为 “不管（不论）是还是 ”，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。其省略式为“ be it or；be heor”等，句子必须倒装。如： I can translateall these books into Chinese， be they in English ， French orLati n .例句There being no dan ger, the police went back totheir office.险情解除，警察回警局了。3.虚拟语气用在由“whether”引导的让步状语

16、从句中，从句谓语用原形动词。例如：All engines work on this prin ciple, whether they be largeor small.所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。We must fin ish the work before we go home,whether it beearly or late.无论时间早晚，我们必须在回家前干完工作。All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made upof atoms.所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。在此句型中，可省去

17、 whether ，而将be放在主语前。例如：Be it so, we must continue to do the test.Wemust do our best to fulfil the task, be it ever so hard.Example:Ill marry him all the same.a. Were he rich or poor b. Be he rich or poorc. Whether rich or poor d. Being rich or poor考点4： it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。注意：在

18、 this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。This is the sec ond time that we have achieved such a great success.例如：p1863. It s high time wecutt ing dow n the rain forests.(2006年54题)A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stop D. stop2. That was not the first t ime heus. I think it shigh

19、time westrong acti ons aga inst him. 2005.A. betrayed take B. had betrayed took C. has betrayed took D. has betrayed take3. “ What courses are you going to do n ext semester? ”“I don t know. But it s about time on something. ”2002 52 题A. I d decide B. I decidedC. I decide D. I m decid ing5. If you h

20、ave really been studying English for Iong, itabout time youable to write letters in En glish.(1999年49题)A. should beB. wereC. must beD.are51. It is essential that heall the facts first. (2014)A. is exam iningB. will exam ineC. exam inesD.examine P18165t is absolutely esse ntial that Williamhis study

21、inspite of some lear ning difficulties.2007A.willcontinueB. con ti nuedC.con ti nueD.continuesAdvisable, appropriate,desirable,esse ntial,fitt ing,imperative,importa nt,impossible, n ecessary, obligatory,proper60. It is n ecessary that hethe assignment withoutdelay.2010A. hand inB. hands inC. must h

22、and in D. has to hand inIt is imperative/necessary/importa nt等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，should加动词原形，should可省。6. It is imperative that the gover nment more inv estme ntinto the shipbuilding industry.（ 2006 年 59 题）A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has to attract7. It is imperative that stude nts their

23、 term papers ontime. （ 2004 年 46 题）A. hand inB. would hand in C. have to hand inD. han ded in16.“ It s a shame t hat the city official should have goneback on his word. ” The modal auxiliary SHOULDexpress_B_.（2017）P201A obligati onB disappo in tme ntC future in the pastD. ten tative nessIn specificc

24、on texts, should can denote emoti onal feeli ngs ofsorrow, joy, displeasure, surprise, wonderIt s a pity that he should leave so soon.It s unbelievablethat he should be working so hard.How should I know?Should is found in expressions like “I should say”“I shouldthink. ” The hypothetical form here is

25、 simply to indicate the speaker s reluctanee to commit himself on matters of personal feeli ng or judgme nt.I should say he is just the right man for the job.Without any defi nite modal meaningI in sistedthat he go/should go with me.It is imperative thatThe order thatFor fear that /so that /lestWoul

26、d can be used to makea tactfulstatement, a polite request,and a ten tative suggesti on.It would be a shame to stop our work halfway.19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sen se, as if I Aalone. 2017A would have bee n had bee nB. should be had bee nC. could

27、be wereD. might have bee nwere19your advice, I would have madethe wrong decisi on. 2016A. Hadn t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for2. 52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, shemuch better results no w.2008 pA. would be gett ingB. could have gotC. mus

28、t getD. would get20. The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending mymoneyexpresses the speaker s.2016a) hopeb) joyc) regretd) relief 184201615. If you expla ined the situati on to your lawyer, he able to advise you muchbetter than I can. (2015)(395/381)2005A. will beB. wasC. would beD. we

29、re 条件句的虚拟If you asked me tomorrow, I would(should , 但以 would 较为普 通)be able to give you the an swer .54. Which ofnctive mood?A. Lucyinsistedoc l ock?181B. Sheused tothe city metro.C. Walkstraightahead,the following sentences. (2013)(p. 181)that herdrive tocontains subjuson get home before 5work, but

30、now she takesand dont turn till the second trafficlights.D. Paul willcancelhishis visa byFriday.Decide, decree,demand,insist,flight if he cannot getmove, order, prefer, propose,recommend, request, require, suggest, vote.54Myboss ordered that the legal documents to him beforelunch 2013 p181Abe sentB

31、were sentCwere to be sentDmust be sent63. Ifittomorrow, the match would be putoff.(2013 P184)A. wereto rainB. wasto rainC. wasrainingD. hadrained52. If there were no subj un ctive mood, En glishmucheasier to lear n.A. could have bee nB. would beC. will be D. would have bee n61. It s getting late. I

32、d rather you now.(2011.P186)A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave考查虚拟语气。would rather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿某人做某事，从句要用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去式，表示希望。注意区分would rather其他两个惯用句式： would rather do sth. “宁愿做某事”：would rather do than do“宁愿做而不愿做57. We con siderhe should have left without telli nganyone beforeha nd.(2009)A. str

33、ange whyB. it strange whatC. it strange thatD. that strange60.He would have finished his college education, but he to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A. hadhad B.has C.had D.would have60Which of the following best explains the meaning of “Shall we buy the tickets first”?2012P 200A He s

34、aid that we were going to buy the tickets firstB He requested that we buy the tickets firstCHe suggested that we buy the tickets firstD He advised us to buy the tickets first表示征求意见， advise 建议他人应该怎么做，表示直接给出自己认 为对的意见，没有征求的意思。 Suggest 说出自己的想法供对方参 考，65. Whenthe sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport

35、 first? ” is turned into indirect speech, which of the following is most appropriate? （2014P ）A. He agreed to drive me to the airport first.B. He offered to drive me to the airport first.C. He advised me to go to the airport first.D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first.3. Amongthe four se

36、ntences below, Sentence expresses thehighest degree of possibility.(2016)p 207A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to fi

37、nd a solution to the problem.Might ,may ,could, can, should, ought to, would, will, must55. Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY? (2014)p193)A. The moon cannot always be at the full.B. You cannot smoke inside the building.表示不许C. He cannot come today.否定表示不可能。D. She cannot play the p

38、iano. 192泛指一般的能力Can 表示可能，较多地用于否定句和疑问句 19. which of the following sentences expresses a fact ?(2013 p197) A. Mary and her son must be home by now.B. Careless reading must give poor results. 表示必然，也是一种 推测或推断，其口气最为肯定，一般用于肯定陈述句。 197C. He must be working late at the office. 采用进行体，作推测用 法 Epistemic P207 all

39、 epistemic modals can combine with a progressive infinitive.D. It s getting late, and I must leave now.表推测，must可以采用完成体 the past form of epistemic modals are realized by adding a perfective infinitive.You must have thought about that.可以用于 there- 存在句 can be used in existential sentencesThere must be s

40、ome mistake.静态动词 combine with stative verbsHe must be there.主语可以是表示无生命物的名词词组 be used with an inanimate subjectIt must be George.53. She fifty or so when I first met her at aconference.2009A. had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have been56.She fifty or so when I first met her at theconference.2007A.

41、 must be B.had been C.could be D.must have been正确答案为 D). 对过去事情的肯定推测用 must have done, 否定推 测用 couldn t have done.65. Which of the following sentences expresses probability ? 2008A. You must leave immediately.B. You must be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight oclock.D. You must complete t

42、he reading assignment on time.Definite future ,55 Which of the following sentences expressesWILLINGNESS?A By now she will be eating dinner然要发生的B I shall never do that again2012 P151 P 199C My brother will help you with the luggageD You shall get a promotion说话人的意愿63. Which of the following italicized

43、 words does NOT indicate willingness?(2015 P198)A. What will you do when you graduate? 意图B. They will be home by now.198 推测C. Who will go with me? 意愿D. Why will you go there alone? 决心解析：“ will ”可表如下的意思：1. 可表“意愿”( willingness ) , 即愿意做某事。如： Whowill go with me?2. 可表“意图”(intention ),即“打算”做某事。女口： I will

44、write to her tomorrow.3. 可表“决心”(determ in ation ),即坚持要做某事。女如: I won t go back on my words.4. 可表“推测”( prediction )，如： By now she will be eating dinner.B. PREDICTABILITY64. The sentence that expresses OFFERis(2011)A. I II get some drinks. What II you have?B. Does she n eed to book a ticket now?C. May

45、I know your n ame?D. Can you return the book next week?D. 将来做某件事的能力52. Nan cys gone to work but her cars still there. Sheby bus.2010A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have gone D. could have goneNancy has gone to work but her cars still there她已经去工作了但是车还在那must have gone表示肯定的猜测(她肯定是坐公交车去的

46、)should have done / ought to have done都表示本来应该could have done本来可以must have done 应该就是本句是对已发生事情的肯定推测，所以用“ must+ have done”的形式，故选A。61. Aren t you tired? I you had done eno ugh fortoday.(2009)A. should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC. might have thoughtD. could have thoughtTIP :该题考查情态动词语气上的差别，答案为 A,意思是“今天你 累坏了吧？我本来应该想到你今天已经忙了一天的。 ” B答案是表示 对过去事情的判断，不符合上下文意思。52. 53. “Youborrow my notes provided you takecare of them, ” I told my fri end.2007 194A.could B.should C.mustD.ca n正确答