虚拟语气课件

1、虚拟语气 Subjunctive,何谓“语气,语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度,英语中的语气,英语中共有三种语气,陈述语气 (the Indicative Mood,祈使语气 (the Imperative Mood,虚拟语气 (the Subjunctive Mood,陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式,What will you do if it rains tomorrow,I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow,祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等,虚拟语气,虚拟语气：是一种特殊的动

2、词形式。 他的作用是：表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑、愿望、要求、命令、建议等,I have a car. 我有一部车。（指现在有） I had a car. 我有一部车。（指过去有） I wish I had a car. 但愿我有一部车。（实际没有，表愿望,一、if 条件句中的虚拟语气,had done （过去完成时,过去式(did) be were,did / were should +do were to do,would should +have done sth could might,would should + do sth could might,w

3、ould should + do sth could might,1.表示与现在事实相反的假设,如果我有时间，我就要学习英语。 If I _(have) time, I _(study) English,had,would study,如果我是你，我就会买这栋房子。 If I _(be) you, I _(buy) the house,were,Would buy,如果我能飞，我要飞到空中。 If I _(can fly), I _（fly) in the sky,could fly,would fly,1. If there were no subjunctive mood , Englis

4、h_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2. If I had some money, I _ the poor boy. A help B will help C. would help D. would have help 3. If I _ ten years younger, I _ out to try my luck.A. am, would go B. was, will go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone,2

5、.表示与过去事实相反的假设,如果我采纳了你的建议， 我就不会犯这个错误了。 If I _(take) your advice, I _(make) this mistake,had taken,wouldnt have made,如果他当时用功学习的话，他可能就得到奖学金了。 If he _(study) hard, he _(win) the scholarship,Had studied,如果昨天他见到你，他就可能问你这个问题。 If he _(see) you yesterday, he _(ask) you about it,could have win,had seen,Would

6、have asked,1. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met 2.The fire _, if you had been more careful . A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 3. If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove

7、; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got,D,c,D,3.与将来事实相反的假设,即使太阳从西边出来，我也不会改变我的心意。 If the sun _(raise) in the west, I _(not change) my mind,raised/should raid/ were to raise,would not change,如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园了。 If it _(rain) tomorrow, we _ (go) to the

8、park,rained,would not go,如果我们再有另外7天假的话，我们都会感到跟高兴的。 If we _(have) another 7-day holiday, all of us _(be) more happier,had,would be,1. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 2. If it _ rain this evening, I would not go to

9、 see this American film.A. would B. should C. could D. might 3. If it _ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.A. is B. be C. were D. are,一、if 条件句中的虚拟语气,had done （过去完成时,过去式(did) be were,did / were should +do were to do,would should +have done sth could might,would should +

10、do sth could might,would should + do sth could might,1. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 2. If my father _ here the day after tomorrow, he _ me at all.A. came, cant s

11、ee B comes, couldnt see C. comes, couldnt have seen D. came, couldnt see 3. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would payD. were; would pay,如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。 If it _ foggy tomorrow, I _ my car to go shopping. 2. 如果我是一个男孩，我当然会去参

12、军. If I _ a boy, I _ certainly join the army. 3. 如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故. If you _ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident _,were,couldnt drive,were,would,had driven,couldnt have happened,4. 错综时间条件句,条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综时间条件条件句。 主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 如果你昨天与他交谈一下，你就知道现在该

13、做什么了。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now,如果你（那时）听从我的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。 （从句说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情） If you _(follow) the doctors advice, you _(be) all right now. 如果气候再好些，庄稼会长的更好。 If the weather _(be) finer, the crops _(be) growing still better,had followed,would be,had been,wo

14、uld be,1. If you _ the medicine, you _ better now. A. took ; would feel B. had taken ; felt C. had taken ; would feel D. took ; would have felt 2. If you were older , I _ you to go there yesterday . A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed,3.If we had known that she had pla

15、nned to go abroad today, we _ at the airport. A. will see her off B. have seen her off C. would see her off D. had seen her off 4. - Is he feeling any better ? - No, if he had followed the doctors advice, he _ quite all right now . A. will have been B. would have been C. would be D. will be,5.条件句中虚拟

16、语气的倒装,条件从句中含有should，were， had 三个助动词,并且条件句在句子前面，可以把if省略，然后把相应助动词提到句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again,1. If there should be a flood, what should we do?

17、_a flood, what should we do? 2. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. . _I would have run round that lake again. 3. If I had taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. _my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet no

18、w,Should there be,Had I had time,Had I taken,1. Had I known her name, _ A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 2. _ yo

19、ur offer of rice and vegetables, we would have gone hungry.A. If it hasnt been for B. WithC. Has it not been for D. Had it not been for,注：并不是所有的if引导的条件句都用虚拟语气。 当if引导的条件句的假设非常可能实现时，就不用虚拟语气，这种条件句叫做“真实条件句”。 If the temperature(温度) is up to 100, the water will boil. It is raining. If we go out, well get

20、wet. Hurry up! If we dont hurry, well be late. If he comes, tell him to wait. 需要用虚拟的条件句，叫做“虚拟条件句,1. The volleyball match will be put off, if it _. A. will rainB. rains C. rained D. is rained 2. - Would you have called her up, _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. it had been was B. i

21、f it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would be,B,A,6. 含蓄虚拟条件句,有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件句的形式表现出来。而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表现出来，这叫做含蓄虚拟语气条件句。 without, with, but for(要不是), under eg. Without your help(= if we had no had your help), we could not have succeeded. 如果没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的,eg. With better equipment（

22、= If we had had better equipment), we could have done it better. 如果又跟好的设备，我们也许会做的更好。 eg. But for electricity(= if there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要是没有电， 就不会有现代工业。 eg. Under such circumstances, I would have done the same. 在这样的情况下， 我也会做同样的事情,二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气,主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句

23、，同位语从句,主语从句中的虚拟语气(should +do,句型1. It is+ adj. +that引导的主语从句 此句型中adj. 指的是形容事情重要性，令人吃惊，失望的形容词。如： important, essential( 紧要的), vital(极其重要的)urgent( 紧迫的), imperative(迫切的），necessary, appropriate(适当的), advisable(合理的), natural, proper(合适的), strange,重要的是你一定要吃药。 It is important that you _(take) the medicine. 他有

24、必要参加这次考试。 It is necessary that he _ (take) the exam. 她竟然嫁给了这种人，真奇怪/令人惊奇/令人失望。 It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she should marry such a man,should) take,should) take,句型2：It is a pity/ shame that. It is a pity/ shame that he (should) be late. 真可惜，他竟然迟到了。 句型3：It is+ 过去分词+ that. 过去分词指：表示建议

25、，命令，要求的。如： ordered, suggested, requested, required, recommended, demanded, desired. e.g. It suggested that he should join the club activities. 有人建议他应该参加俱乐部活动,1. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. speakB. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 2. It is strange that he _ so. A. would say

26、 B. would speak C. should sayD. will speak 3.It is suggested that we _ (make) a special study of the problem. Its vital to her that she _ (take) this medicine,Should) make,take,2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气,1）常见动词： 一个坚持， 两个命令， 三个建议， 四个要求,1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, re

27、quest, desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。 即:从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场,We suggested that Tom _ a rest,He insisted that I (should ) be present,should）have,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day,They requested that we (should) s

28、end them to work there,注意,当insist：不表示“坚持要某人做某事”，而表示“坚持说，坚决认为” 不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。 当suggest: 不表示“建议某人做某事”,而表示“暗示”时，不用虚拟，用陈述语气。 他坚持说他是对的。 He insisted that he was right.他坚持要求我们到场。 He insisted that we should present,2）她脸上的微笑暗示我做的好。 The smile on her face suggested I did a good job. 老师建议我们多读英语。 Our teacher sugg

29、ested that we read more English,1. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 2. Marys uncle insists_ in this hotel . A, not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 3.The law requir

30、es that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C. haveD. will have,3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气,一个坚持， 两个命令， 三个建议， 四个要求,相应的名词,insistence order，command suggestion, advice, proposal demand, requirement, request, desire,修饰这些名词时表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式 should +v,我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。 My advice

31、is that more trees _ (plant) around the village. 他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校。 Their proposal is that we _ (set up) a spare time school for them. 他的意见是我们应讨论一下这个报告。 His requirement is that we _ (discuss) the report,should) be planted,should set up,should) discuss,我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。 We all agreed to his suggest

32、ion that we _ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. 你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？ What do you think of the idea that we _(begin) the second experiment at once? 我们所有的人都赞同关闭这家化工厂。All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory _ (be)closed down,should) go,should begin,should be,1. His suggestion that you _

33、once more sounds reasonable. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2. The order that the prisoner _arrived too late. A. is set free B. should set free C. be set free D. will be set free 3. His suggestion that the meeting_ was turned down. A. be delayed B. will be delayed C. would delayed D. is delayed

34、,4. My demand is that she _to see me once a week. A. should came B. will come C. is coming D. come 5. The order is that you _ that person as quickly as possible. A. found B. will find C. should find D. would find,1.用虚拟语气的名词性从句，都是that引导的。 2.用虚拟语气的名词性从句，其形式都是： should + do (should 可以省略） 3. 主语从句 “ it is

35、 that” 宾、表、同位语从句：注意表示一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求的词,总结,三、其他句型中的虚拟语气,1. wish的宾语从句,wish的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 未来,过去时 (did/were,过去完成时 (had done,would/could/might+V. 不能用should,I wish I were a bird. (现在,I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去,We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来,1.- He is a very brave man . -Yes , I

36、 wish I _his courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 2. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night . was B. were C. had been D. should go 3.I wish I _ you yesterday . seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 4. I wish I _ ten years younger . A. am B. were C. am going to D. be,5.

37、I wish that you _. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job 6. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 7. -You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I

38、_ , but you know how busy I was . should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D. should ; had,2. Its time +that 从句中要用虚拟语气（过去式或 should + do,不可省略should,你该走了,about/high,Its high time that you went,Its high time that you should go,我们该去睡觉了,Its time that we _ (go) to bed,Its time that we _(go) to bed,w

39、ent,should go,1. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began 2.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ? - Okay, I _ my breakfast . A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishing C. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 24. Ev

40、erybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started,3. would rather+ that 引导宾语从句中 （我宁愿,过去: 现在： 未来,过去时( did/ were,过去时( did/ were,过去完成时(had done,我宁愿你现在就付给我钱。 （现在） I would rather you _(pay) me now,paid,我宁愿你昨天也走了。 （过去） I would rather you _ (go) too y

41、esterday,had gone,别来，我宁愿你明天来。 (未来) Dont come. I would rather you_ (come) tomorrow,came,回顾： would rather + 动词原形意谓“宁可”、“宁愿”、“最好” E.g.： Hed rather work in the countryside. 其否定形式是would rather not do sth E.g. : Mr. Li would rather not listen to rock music. 如果表示对过去的愿望： would rather+ have done 我宁愿昨天没有碰到他。

42、I would rather not have met you yesterday,1. - Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, Id rather you _ . A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. mustnt 2. - Would you like to work in my company? - Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to g

43、o C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 3. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done,as if 和 as though 都表示“好像是”，引导的从句只要表示“与事实相反的”，都要用虚拟语气,4. as if /though + 从句,现在： 过去,过去时/ were,过去完成时,他的说话就像是认识我一样。 He talks as if he _ (know)

44、 me,她像爱自己儿子一样爱这个孩子。 She loves the baby as if it _(be) her own son,were,knew,我记得这件事，好像昨天刚发生一样。 I remember the whole thing as if it _(happen) yesterday,had happened,此句型中的“现在”和“过去”指是:as if 应到的从句动词和主句动词之间的关系。 (1) 现在：指从句动词和主句动词同时发生: He looks as if he were ill. (他现在看起来好像有病。) He looked as if he were ill. (

45、他那时看起来好像有病。) (2) 过去：指的是从句动词发生在主句动词之前： I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday,注意,1. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 2. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A. is B. were C. has been D. be 3.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _ all about that. A