系统解剖学教学资料双语庞磊内脏总论消化一

1、Splanchnology And The Alimentary System,Department of Anatomy HUBEI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE,目的和要求,1掌握胸部标志线和腹部的分区 2. 掌握消化系统的组成 3. 掌握口腔、咽峡的构成、牙、舌的形态结构特征， 颏舌肌的位置和作用，唾液腺的位置和开口 5掌握咽的位置、分部 6. 掌握食管的分部及狭窄部位,Chapter 4 The General Description,Difinition: means the study of viscera 1. alimentary system 2. respi

2、ratory system 3. urinary system 4. genital system Association: morphology location function origin,内脏的共同特点 1. 位置：位于胸腔、腹腔和盆腔内 2. 结构：有管道与外界相通 3. 功能：物质代谢与繁衍后代 4. 发生：呼吸、消化系统主要器官来源于内胚层 泌尿、生殖系统主要器官来源于外胚层,The general structure of viscera,The tubular organ 中空性器官 mucosa submucosa muscular coats serosa/advent

3、itia,The parenchymatous organ 实质性器官 hilum/porta,实质性器官的一般结构,1.表面被膜或浆膜 2.被膜深入实质小叶 3.血管神经功能型管道出入部位门,kidney,liver,lung,胸部标志线 1. Anterior median line 2. Sternal line 3. Midclavicular line 4. Parasternal line 5. Anterior axillary line 6. Posterior axillary line 7. Midaxillary line 8. Scapular line 9. Post

4、erior median line,前正中线,胸骨线,锁骨中线,胸骨旁线,腋前线,腋后线,腋中线,肩胛线,后正中线,The reference line and abdominal regions,Abdominal regions 腹部的分区,Nine-area method： 两条横线 两条纵线,2.腹部的分区,Quadrants： 一横线 一垂直,消化系统,The Alimentary System,Chapter 5,Composition,Digestive glands消化腺,Superior digestive tube,Inferior digestive tube,Diges

5、tive tube 消化管,Digestive glands消化腺,Major salivary glands大唾液腺 Liver肝 Pancreas胰,Function: ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion,Section 1 The Oral Cavity 口腔,Consists of two parts: 1.Oral vestibule 口腔前庭 between cheeks and lip and teeth 2.Oral cavity proper 固有口腔 within arch of teeth,口腔前庭,固有口腔,插管部位,B

6、oundaries Anterior and lateral: gum and teeth Posterior: isthmus of fauces Roof: palate Floor: tongue, muscles and mucous membrane,口裂 口角 鼻唇沟 人中 牙龈 唇系带,Oral lips 口唇,Cheek 颊,Papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头 颊黏膜上的突起， 平对上颌第二磨牙牙冠， 是腮腺导管的开口,Two parts anterior 2/3, formed by the maxilla and palatine bone post

7、erior 1/3， Velum palatinum 腭帆 Uvula 腭垂 Palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓 Palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓 isthmus of fauces咽峽,Palate 腭,Hard palate,Soft palate,General features Two sets: Deciduous teeth乳牙 Permanent teeth恒牙 Classification: Incisors 切牙 Canine 尖牙 Premolars 前磨牙 Molars 磨牙,Teeth,恒牙的名称,乳牙的名称,牙位记录法,右上区 A,左下区

8、D,右下区 C,左上区 B,6 5 4 3 2 1,用表示恒切牙恒磨牙 用表示乳切牙乳磨牙,牙位记录法,牙冠(crown of tooth) 牙颈(neck of tooth) 牙根(root of tooth,一)牙的形态,Teeth,Calcified tissues 牙组织,3. 牙本质,4. 牙 髓,2. 牙骨质,Periodontal tissue 牙周组织 牙周膜 牙槽骨 牙龈,Tongue 舌,Morphology Two parts: v-shaped terminal sulcus 界沟 Body of tongue 舌体 Root of tongue 舌根 apex of

9、tongue 舌尖 the foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔,Lingual mucous membrane Papillae of tongue 舌乳头 Filiform papillae fungiform papillae foliate papillae vallate papillae Lingual tonsil 舌扁桃体 masses of submucosal lymphoid tissue on the root of tongue,contain taste buds,Muscles of tongue舌肌 Intrinsic muscles of t

10、ongue Extrinsic muscles of tongue Genioglossus颏舌肌 Arises from mental spine of mandible and inserts into either side of midline of tongue Action: acting together draw tongue forward and downward; acting along making apex of tongue to opposite side,Major salivary glands,Parotid gland 腮腺 Superficial pa

11、rt Deep part Parotid duct: opposite the upper second molar tooth,Submandibular gland下颌下腺 Position: lies in submandibular triangle Duct opens on to sublingual caruncle,position: situated beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of mouth Ducts Major sublingual gland ductopens onto the sublingual carun

12、cle Minor sublingual ductsopen onto the sublingual fold,Sublingual gland舌下腺,Section two The Pharynx 咽,Location and General features A fibromuscular tube, part of digestive and respiratory systems Extends from base of skull to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage (lower border of C6 level) . Divi

13、sion Three segments,Nasopharynx鼻咽 posterior to nasal cavities Extends from the base of skull to level of soft palate Features Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube咽鼓管咽口 Tubal torus咽鼓管圆枕 Pharyngeal recess咽隐窝 Tubal tonsil咽鼓管扁桃体 Pharyngeal tonsil咽扁桃体,Oropharynx口咽 posterior to oral cavity between soft pal

14、ate and epiglottis Features Median glossoepiglottic fold 舌会厌正中襞 Epiglottic vallecula会厌谷 Palatine tonsil腭扁桃体,Lymphatic ring咽淋巴环consists of pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil, Palatine tonsil, and lingual tonsil, forming a circular band of lymphoid tissue at oropharyngeal isthmus,Laryngopharynx 喉咽 Extend

15、s from upper border of epiglottis to the level of lower border of C6 Piriform recess 梨状隐窝a deep depression on each side of aperture of larynx,颈部,胸部,腹部,Section 3 The Esophagus食管,General features a muscular tube about 25cm long, connecting the pharynx at level of C6 vertebra, passes through the diaphr

16、agm at level of T11 vertebra and after 12 cm enters the stomach Division: Cervical part Thoracic part Abdominal part,1,2,3,Three constrictions 1. At its beginning, 15cm from incisors, lies at level of C6, is the narrowest part of the esophagus 2. Where it is crossed by left main bronchus, 25cm from incisors, lies