闸阀基础知识与设计计算

1、The Generation Gap,I. New Words and Expressions II. Cultural Notes III. Text Organization VI. Text Analysis V. Structure,New Words and Expressions,location embarrass consist trade sth.) for (sth.else) fade overall keep(sb.) in suspense interrupt distract exhaust hand down at any rate narrow down com

2、e over swallow interference in charge of constant junior back,end up get over back,location: a place or position场所,位置,eg. The school is going to move to a new location. be located in =lie in eg. His house is located in the new shopping center. back,embarrass: make sb. feel ashamed使窘迫,使不好意思,e.g. It e

3、mbarrassed him that he had to give a talk in front of a lot of people. 我小心的斟酌语句，生怕引起尴尬 I chose my words carefully in order to avoid embarrassing anyone.,(adj) embarrassed, embarrassing: 1.it is _ to walk into a room full of strangers. 2.I was really _ when I knocked the cup of tea over my teacher.,c

4、onsist of: to be made up of由组成,The committee consists of scientists and engineers The book consists of essays written over the last twenty years. consist in: lie in or exist in 在于 be consistent with 与一致 back,consist in: 存在于 e.g. The beauty of this plan consists in its simplicity. 这计划的好处就存在于简单易行 be c

5、onsistent with: in agreement一致,相符 e.g. What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week.,trade sth. for sth. else用交换,exchange sth. for sth.else I will trade my stamp collection for your model boat. 农民们用农产品换取工业制成品和货币 Farmers trade farm products for manufactured goods and money. back,fa

6、de:退色,变暗,淡消失,1) lose color or brightness The sunlight gradually faded. 2) disappear slowly They watched the mountains fade into the darkness. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes_, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.,A. vain B. blank C. fade D. faint Key B 辨析 next,vain: 徒劳的,

7、无效的,无用的 e.g. a vain attempt劳而无功的努力 in the vain hope of persuading him 指望说服他而枉费口舌 in vain:无结果地,徒然 e.g. All our work was in vain. 我们的工作全都白干了 back,blank: 空白的,空虚的,茫然的 e.g. a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸 a blank expression茫然的表情 Alone in the greenhouse, I was content to let my mind stay blank. 我一个人呆在花房里,脑子里什

8、么也不想,觉得这样很好 back,faint:微弱的,模糊的,虚弱的,头晕的 e.g. The sounds of music grew fainter in the distance. 音乐的声音在远处逐渐模糊了 His breathing became faint.(虚弱的) The explorers were faint from hunger and cold.(头晕的) back,overall: in general大体上 e.g. Theres been an overall improvement recently. (adj.) 近来各方面都有所改进 Overall its

9、 been a good match. (adv.) 总的来说，那场比赛很好 back,keep sb. in suspense使产生悬念,故意迟迟不告诉,e.g. I wont keep you in suspense any longer. Here are the results of the mid-term exam. 观众的悬念到剧终才解开. The audience is kept in suspense to the very end of the play.,interrupt: stop sb. from continuing打断的讲话,中断的行动 e.g. Dont in

10、terrupt the speaker now; he will answer questions later. Trade between the two countries was interrupted by the war. back,distract: take sbs attention away转移注意力,使分心,Used in these patterns: distract sb./sth; distract sb./sth from) e.g. Passengers are requested not to distract the drivers attention wh

11、ile he is driving. Tom admits that playing computer games sometimes distracts him _ his home work. A. on B. from C. to D. with back,hand down: 把传下去 e.g. Most of my clothes were handed down to me by my elder brother. She had some jewellery which had been handed down from her grandmother. back,at any

12、rate: whatever无论如何,不管怎样 (You use at any rate to indicate that the important thing is what you are saying now, and not what was said before.) e.g. Thats one part of the job done at any rate. At any rate, you survived the car accident. back,narrow down: 减小,缩小,This phrase is often followed by to. e.g.

13、The police department attempted to narrow down the list of suspects. 一百多个申请者已筛选至五人 Over a hundred applicants will be narrowed down to a short list of five candidates. back,exhaust: 使筋疲力尽,用完,耗尽,1) make sb. very tired e.g. Four hours work almost exhausted her. 2) use up completely e.g. After exhaustin

14、g all her ready excuses, she could think of nothing else to say.,adj:1) exhausting 令人筋疲力尽的 2) exhausted感到精疲力竭 的 3) exhaustive 彻底的，完全的 next,exhausted: very tired极其疲倦的 e.g. The exhausted troops surrendered. Im exhausted after long hours work. exhausting: 令人感到疲倦的 e.g. This project is really exhausting.

15、 exhaustive: 完全的,彻底的,详尽的,全面的 e.g. an exhaustive enquiry 彻底的调查,The long cycle ride _ the boy, who is very _now. A exhausting exhausted B exhausted exhaustive C exhausting exhausted D exhaustedexhausted Key D back,come over:( of a feeling) affect(指某种感觉)刺激或影响,He has never been so rude to me. Whats come

16、 over him? come about come across 发生 （ 偶然）遇见 come by come off 得到 实现 back,come across: 偶尔遇见或发现(某人或某物),碰到 e.g. I came across an old school friend in the street this morning. She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现了一些旧照片 back,come about 发生 e.g. Can you tell me how the accident came

17、about? 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？ How did it come about that he knew where we were? 他是怎样知道我们在什么地方的呢？ back,come by: 得到某事物(经过努力或偶然获得) e.g. I hope that money was honestly come by. 我希望那笔钱来得正当 How did you come by that scratch on your check? back,come off: (计划,方案等)成功;达到预期的效果或结果 e.g. Her attempt to break the world re

18、cord nearly came off. 她想要打破世界记录，已经接近成功了. back,swallow:吞,咽,vt.1) cause or allow (food or drink) to go down the throat e.g. Chew your food properly before swallowing it. 2) to believe without question e.g. He found this story a little hard to swallow. 3) suppress,e.g. He has swallowed the anger he fel

19、t. n. 燕子 e.g. One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏； 不可凭偶然现象而推断,interference:干涉,干扰,This word is often followed by in/with. e.g. Your interference in his private affairs is unreasonable. Her parents continual interference in our affairs irritated me. v. interfere back,in charge of :having control

20、 over or responsibility (for)主管,负责,Who is in charge of the clubs finances? 经理不在时，她负责商店的工作 e.g. She was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. take charge of :担任，负责 控告 charge sb. with sth.=accuse sb. of sth. back,constant: 持续的,不变的,1) without stopping e.g. He left the office because he

21、 could no longer stand the constant gossip. 2) unchanging e.g. The price of the product is not constant but varies with supply and demand. back,junior:较年幼的,地位较低的,1) younger (+to) e.g. Jane is several years junior to her husband. 2) lower in rank than others e.g. Having worked for five years, Jack is

22、 still a junior clerk in the office.,3) Jr.or jr. is used after the name of a person who has the same name as his father, e.g. Tom Brown, Jr. senior senior citizen老年人,end up: 结束,告终 e.g. Wasteful people usually end up in debt. 挥霍浪费者最后往往负债 e.g. Somewhat to his own surprise he ended up designing the wh

23、ole car and putting it into production. 连他自己都有点惊讶,他最终竟设计了整辆汽车并把它投入生产 back,get over: 1. 熬过,做完,结束(一件不愉快但必须做的事)(with) e.g. Lets get the job over with quickly. 2. 克服,战胜(困难,偏见等) e.g. Youll soon get over your shyness. back,Culture Notes,1.Family life: Some families are very child centered. The closest fam

24、ilies eat meals at the same time and spend their free time together. Some families, however, only see each other for a short time in the evening, and though the children are still considered important, they have to fit in with the lives of their parents. American parents are often criticized for the

25、 way,they do things separately, though many people believe that it is good for children to learn to be independent. From an early age children are encouraged to decide what they want to do, eat or wear, and their parents try to respect their opinions.,2. Part-time job: Many American teenagers earn a

26、 good portion of their college expenses by working during the summer as waiters or waitresses, construction workers, mothers helpers, gas station attendants, telephone operators or messengers. They are not concerned with status. Being unskilled, they try to find jobs at,whatever level they can. They

27、 seek not only money, but also experience. They learn work habits, responsibility, the ability to take orders and to get along with a boss and different kinds of people.,Text Organization(P78),No. settings 1. A fast-food restaurant 2. The Thompson family dining room 3. An office at a high school nex

28、t scenes,scenes main ideas one Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager. two Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a work-mate into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom. three Father embarrassed Heidi by boasting to an official of her new school about how b

29、right she was. back,Text Analysis,1.the main idea: Father meddled in childrens affairs with good intentions, but only to find his efforts unwelcome 2.the major components of a play: characters, settings, stage directions, language, conflicts, climax, and theme 3.the characteristics of Father, Mother

30、, and the children ( From the way they speak, their tone of voice, their facial expressions and their actions) back,structure,1.重点句型 know better than to do/that = be sensible not to do sth.明白事理而不至于做某事 e.g. Mary knows better than to cheat on exams. He knows better than to judge by appearances. exerci

31、se(P84) 课文中的虚拟语气句型 next,1. insist (that). (should )do 提示：表示愿望，建议，命令，提议，请求等动词后的宾从中的谓语动词用虚拟，即，(should) +动词原形 e.g. The doctor insist that his patient_. A. that he not work too hard for two months B. not work too hard for two months C. not to work too hard for two months D. hasnt worked too hard for two

32、 months next,2. if sb. + did., sb. would do 提示：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句（一般过去时）+ 主句（should, would +动词原形） 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句（过去完成时）+ 主句（should, would +have+动词原形） 与将来事实相反的假设 next,条件从句（A.一般过去完时，B. were to do）+ 主句（should, would+动词原形） e.g. If he were here now, he _ the matter in this way. A. does not

33、end B. will not end C. can not end D. would not end,Assignment,Vocabulary swallow dumb Overall glorious welfare repeatedly,7. interference 8. fading 9. junior 10. frank 11. distract 12. at any rate 13. has narrowed down,14. in unison 15. has come over 2. 1) The security council consists of five gene

34、rals and four police officers. 2) The new hotel will be in a location overlooking the lake. 3) I was embarrassed by her comments about my clothes.,4) Do you have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer? 5) The boy was exhausted after the long cycle ride. 3.1) That exceptional stamp was handed down by your grandfather, and is worth a fortune. You should have known better than to trade it for a few drinks.,2) Company