美国黄石火山--人类的潜在的灾难之源（Volcanoes in Huangshi, America a potential source of disaster for mankind）

1、美国黄石火山-人类的潜在的灾难之源（Volcanoes in Huangshi, America a potential source of disaster for mankind）Volcanoes in Huangshi, America: a potential source of disaster for mankindThe Yellowstone National Park volcano may have entered its active phaseThe movie 2012 might be a real sceneBritish scientists used com

2、puter simulations to demonstrate the eruption of a super volcano in Yellowstone National Park:? in three or four days, large amounts of ash will reach the continent, while the US 3/4s territory may be beyond recognition.? 90% of the population within 1000 kilometers of the volcanic eruption will not

3、 survive, and most of them will die as a result of the solidification of inhaled volcanic ash in the lungs.Drifting ash in the sky will bring the earths annual average temperature down by 10 degrees, and the earths North Pole will drop by 12 degrees, a cold climate that will last for at least 6 to 1

4、0 years.It seems that Yellowstone National Park will always associate beauty with sorrow and disaster, because beneath it lies a very small super volcano in the world. Over the past 17 million years, this super volcano has 142 times the mass of the eruption, the last eruption occurred in 642 thousan

5、d years ago, it has created the magnificent and majestic Yellowstone National Park today. According to experts, this super volcano eruption cycle is 600 thousand years, signs also show that: Recently, it is gradually awakening!Yellowstone National Park is located in the northwest of the United State

6、s, Wyoming, Montana and Idaho at the junction of the three states, is the oldest in the United States, is also the worlds largest national park. In the middle of the nineteenth Century, a group of natural lovers in the United States urged the government to protect the natural resources and cultural

7、heritage of the United States. In their advocacy, the government set up Yellowstone National Park in 1872. It is also the first National Park in the world, and today there are 54 such national parks in the United StatesYellowstone National Park covers an area of 8956 square kilometers! There is a vo

8、lcano formed after the outbreak of the United States the largest alpine lake, Huangshi lake, Lake 180 km long. On both sides of the Strait, the wall is steep and steep, of which there is a section called Huangshi gorge, the valley is 24 kilometers long, the depth is 400 meters, the width is about 50

9、0 meters, and both sides are from orange to orange, and the color of the shore is brilliant! Yellowstone National Park also gets its name. Under such beautiful recent USGS a landscape of lakes and mountains, geologist Liz _ Morgan found the lake bottom uplift of a 100 feet high package, the package

10、is 2000 feet long. Earlier, scientists have shown that the magma beneath the Yellowstone National Park is 4050 kilometers long, 20 kilometers wide, about 10 kilometers thick, and the magma continues to grow. In fact, from 1923 to date, the ground in some parts of Yellowstone National Park has risen

11、by 70 centimeters! This is a sign that a massive expansion is going on in Yellowstone National Park.The most unique beauty of Yellowstone National Park is the geysers known as the wonders of the world. There are more than 300 geysers in the whole garden, accounting for more than half of the worlds g

12、eysers. The most famous is the oldfaithfulerupts (paraphrase, loyalty) fountain, which fires 7500 to 12 thousand gallons of water up to 55 meters each time it erupts! Hot water in cold and in the air condenses into a white cloud, also revealing some spectacular charming; in the past 100 years, every

13、 day it will be 21 to 23 times, this eruption jet never ceasing, but now it began to become abnormal eruption. Geysers are actually released from the massive hydrothermal and vapor vent at the basement magma chambers, where enormous pressure is released through the magma chambers. At present, the pa

14、rk has stopped some geysers erupt, this does not indicate that the volcano has begun aging, as Dr. Connet said: This is not the case, this is just a false signal, it is before another more brief quiet storm! Because the pressure in the magma chamber drops to a critical point, the superheated water i

15、n the magma forms a powerful explosive force!Beijing time on January 26th, according to British media reports, a Wyoming Yellowstone National Park underground super volcano since 2004 began to frequent regular motion, the worlds largest super volcano may be 600 thousand years since the first imminen

16、t eruption.Reported that the Yellowstone National Park super volcano eruptions produce strong will is one thousand times the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano. It will be a large number of hot lava eruption, scattered the volcano ash temperature high enough to be killing plants, the accumula

17、tion of dust can be up to 10 feet thick, covering a distance of about 1000 miles. Gas will spread to most parts of the United States, and 2/3 of the area will no longer be habitable. Thousands of flights will be grounded, forcing millions of residents to leave their homes.Figure 1. The brink of disa

18、ster: there have been three eruptions in Yellowstone National Park over the past 2 million 100 thousand years, and scientists who monitor it say were going to have another eruption.Scientists predict that in the near future, the worlds largest super volcano will be the first eruption in 600 thousand

19、 years, and if this is true, it will be unimaginable catastrophe. In the past 2 million 100 thousand years, three eruptions have occurred in Yellowstone National Park, monitoring its scientists, saying that we will have another eruption.The super volcano, which sits under Wyomings Park, has been unu

20、sually restless since 2004 and has risen by an average of 3 inches per year over the past three years, the fastest growth rate in history since 1923. Due to the lack of exact data, scientists were unable to predict the exact time of the next disaster. If really super volcano eruption, so in April la

21、st year, Icelands Eyjafjallajokull volcano (Eyjafjallaj? Kull volcano) eruption but is also pale into insignificance by comparison, eruption of the volcano in Iceland has caused worldwide traffic chaos.Figure 2. The beauty of nature: the Huangshi volcano (red circle part) in Wyoming is the largest s

22、uper volcano in the worldVolcano experts, University of Utah Yellowstone National Park Bob? Smith said: it (volcano plate) rising rate is quite high, and covers a large area, at first we fear that this will cause a volcano eruption. When we see the magma at 10 km depth, we are less worried, and if t

23、he magma is between two and three thousand meters deep, we should be more vigilant.Figure 3 depicts the volcano eruption: scorched earth artist after Yellowstone National Park scene midway BasinRobert, Professor of geophysics at the University of Utah, B, Smith, added: lava has filled the magma cham

24、bers of the crust, and this is our strongest evidence. Through the final results after such a long process there are two possibilities, the volcano is about to erupt, or lava flow gradually stop, the volcano slowly corpuscles, however we do not know how long this process.The Huangshi volcano is one

25、of natures greatest masterpieces, located on the largest volcanic field in North america. After the volcanic eruption, the land collapsed and formed the volcano. Its name was also called hot pot. At Yellowstone National Park, 400 miles below the earths surface is magma hot spot, which rises 30 miles

26、 underground before eruption, and then erupts, covering an area of 300 miles.Figure June 22, 41980: Washingtons Mount St. Helens volcano. The power of a volcanic eruption in Huangshi will be one thousand times that of itScientists monitor that the magma reservoir that swelled 6 miles below might be

27、the culprit that recently led to the rise of the plate. At the same time, scientists are paying close attention to the pancake shaped spots on the lava surface that had been put into the volcano. However, due to extreme environmental constraints, it is difficult for scientists to know what is happen

28、ing underground, so it is difficult to estimate the specific time and possibility of volcanic eruptions.After the most violent volcanic eruption 640 thousand years ago, the super volcano had more than 30 small eruptions, the most recent 70 thousand years ago. Volcanic ash and lava fill the crater, a

29、 flat landscape that attracts thousands of visitors to Yellowstone National Park every year. It is clear that deep magma fills the surface of the Huangshi volcano. Since the last eruption on the Huangshi volcano, we believe that the surface layer is also covered with magma. Located in the Washington

30、 cascades volcano observation station expert Mr. Dan Huangshi US Geological Survey said. There must be a lot of magma in the crust, too, or we wouldnt have that much hydrothermal activity. Now that Huangshi has a lot of heat to go out, and if its not heated by magma, the whole system should have bee

31、n as cold as rock since the last 70 thousand years since the eruption.Beijing on January 26th news, U.S. scientists said, the worlds largest super volcano - Yellowstone National Park underground super volcano eruption and the eruption of fear of approaching, once, 2/3 of the United States may be bur

32、ied volcano ash.In Washington, the Saint Helens volcano eruption in July 22, 1980 scene. Yellowstone National Park underground volcano once broke out, damage will be one thousand times the St. Helens volcanoFor the first time in six hundred thousand years, it is reported that the super volcano in Ye

33、llowstone National Parks underground has been rising at record speed since 2004. According to the scientists, once the outbreak, its destructive power will be one thousand times the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens volcano. Lava will then be sprayed into the sky, spewing ash clouds from plants, a

34、nd covering 10 feet (3 meters) of ash outside 1000 miles (about 1600 kilometers). 2/3 of the United States will be uninhabitable, and volcanic eruptions will release toxic gas into the air, grounding thousands of flights and displaced tens of millions of people.The Yellowstone National Park undergro

35、und super volcano is the largest super volcano in the world, and it would be the first eruption in 600 thousand years if scientists had predicted. The volcano has erupted three times in the past 2 million 100 thousand years, and researchers say it is likely to erupt again soon. According to the rese

36、archers, the Yellowstone National Park underground super volcano since 2004 at a record rate rise only in the past three years, the ground to about 3 inches (about 7.6 cm) the increase of speed, the fastest recorded since 1923.However, due to the lack of data, they did not give a comprehensive warni

37、ng and could not make an accurate prediction of when the next disaster would come. Once the final outbreak, the damage will make Icelands Eyjafjallajokull volcano inferior by comparison. The Eyjafjallajokull volcano erupted in April 2010, the eruption of a volcano in the sky floating around the worl

38、d, resulting in air traffic was paralyzed for several days.Damage is one thousand times of St. Helens volcanoAmerican expert Bob Smith volcano of University of Utah in Huangshi said in an interview: this is a very unusual ground up, because this activity involves such a vast area, and speed is so fa

39、st. At first, we feared that it might eventually cause an eruption. However, Smith added: we are not so worried when we see the magma at 10 kilometers underground. If the magma is only two or three kilometers deep, we may not be able to sleep.Robert Smith, a professor of geophysics at the University

40、 of Utah, led the latest study of the Yellowstone National Park underground super volcano. He said: according to the conclusive evidence we have obtained, the magma chamber in the crust is filled with magma. But we dont know how long this process will last until the eruption or magma stops flowing a

41、nd the caldera again collapses. The Yellowstone National Park caldera is one of the most awe inspiring creations of nature, located at the top of the largest volcanic area in North america.The caldera is the meaning of cooking pot or cauldron is usually due to the formation of the cone of the volcan

42、o top collapse due to support lost underground lava. In Yellowstone National Park, the ground 400 miles (about 640 kilometers) is a hot spot, the 30 magma uplifted to the underground miles (about 48 km), until the final eruption, covering 300 miles (about 480 kilometers) of the region. On top of this, there is no area beyond the ground, but it is a volcano in deep sleep.It is difficult to predict accuratelyScientists who monitor underground volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park say the boiling magma chambers at