裸眼3D技术-论文外文翻译

1、New Glasses-Free 3-D Approach Could Work on Thin, Flexible Displays新式3D眼镜变得透薄柔性3D televisio n was heralded as the breakthrough tech no logy of the 2010 Consumer Electronics Show. Hot on the heels of James Cameron eye-opening Avatar, 3D HDTVs were everywhere on the show floor.3D电视被誉为2010消费电子展的突破性的技术。

2、当年詹姆斯卡梅隆的阿凡达令人大开眼界，掀起 3D热潮，3D电视在展会上随处可见。One year later, at CES 2011,3D was back again this time iterating. We saw bigger 3D HDTVs, 3D displays that didn require special glasses,and camcorders that captured 3D content.一年后，在 CES 2011 上, 3D又回来了 -这一次我们看到更大的 3D电视，3D 显示器，不需要特殊的眼镜，和3D摄像机拍摄。But where is 3D

3、now? It s certainly not showing up big on our CES 2012 radar, and now looks like over-hyped tech no logy in hin dsight especially to those of us who always thought 3D s natural home was in the movie theater, not the living room.但是现在的3D展现在哪里？至少在 CES 2012上，并没太多亮点。人们似 乎开始察觉到，3D技术也许被过分追捧。有些人认为， 3D技术源生适合

4、于影 院而非客厅，更加不看好3D电视技术。In deed, a variety of obstacles high prices, a lack of 3D content, andun comfortable viewi ng experie nces have kept 3D TV adopti on in the si ngle digits n ati on wide. Manu facturers and content providers are work ing to address these issues, but one has to won der if 3D was n

5、othing but a flash in the CES pan a tech no logy story rather tha n anything con sumers actually wan ted.事实上，有许多因素导致 3D电视销售不好-价格太高、内容缺乏、体验较 差等等。虽然厂商和电视制作人正努力解决这些问题，但人们不得不怀疑，3D电视是否是用户真正的需要，抑或只是科技史上的传说、CES展厅的昙花一现呢？In 2010, consumerspurchased a paltry 1.1 million 3D TV units, and although sales have gr

6、own in the two years since, the widespread 3D fervor that TV manufacturers were anticipating never took root.2010 年，消费者购买仅了 110 万 3D 电视设备，虽然近两年这个数目有所 增长，但 TV 开发商们已然后悔进入 3D 电视市场。According to a January Display Search report, just more than 23 million 3D TVs were shipped in 2011 worldwide, with only 3.

7、6 million shipped in the U.S.根据Display Search一月份的报告显示，全球总共发货 2300万3D电视设 备在 2011年，但只有 360万是发往美国。Display Search analyst Paul Gagnon says that U.S. household penetration for 3D TVs is at about 3 percent.“To be fair, 3D TVs have only been available for sale in aGagnosignificant way for about 18 months,

8、so that s why the penetration is so low, says. “That said, it s still lower than what many in the industry had hoped for.Display Search分析师保罗Gag non说，美国家庭普及3D电视是百分之3。平心而论，3D电视只出售了 18个月，渗透非常低，” Gag no说。也就是说， 它仍然低于许多行业所希望的。 ”Markets like China and western Europe are seeing far more enthusiasm for 3D TV

9、 than in North America, but worldwide adoption is still likely less than 2 percent.中国和西欧市场，对 3D 的热情更胜于美国北部，但在世界各地推广仍有 可能低于百分之 2。So what s to blame?那么，到底应该怨谁呢？The content, for one.电视内容难辞其咎。“We have disappointed our audience multiple times now, and because of that Ithink there is genuine distrust wher

10、eas a year and a half ago, there was genuine excitement, enthusiasm and reward for the first group of 3D films that actually delivered a quality experience, ” Dreamworks animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg said in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter.“我们已经让观众失望很多次了，我觉得他们真的是失望了。反而一两年 前 ， 3D 电 影 有

11、着 很 棒 的 体 验 ， 那 真 是 观 众 激 动 、 市 场 狂 热 、 收 获 颇 丰，”Jeffrey Katzenberg,梦工厂首席动画设计师接受好莱坞报道采访时这样说 道。After Avatar, a string of unsuccessful, rushed-to-market 3D flicks were looking at you, Clash of the Titans zoomed to theaters hoping to cash in on the craze. Moviegoers were left with a bad taste in their

12、mouths (and oftentimes headaches,too, as 3D viewing can cause eyestrain). Since then, better-quality 3D films like Tron: Legacy, and, more recently, Tin Tin and Hugo, have tried to improve 3Ds image. Meanwhile, sma-lslcreen content providers have branched out to provide live and on-demand 3D offerin

13、gs.阿凡达之后,一系列仓促上映、不太成功的 3D 小制作 就是在说你, 诸神之战 企图能从影院狂赚一笔,观影爱好者却败兴而出(还常伴有 头晕症状，3D视角容易导致视觉疲劳)。此后，一些3D电影质量有所提高，试 图改善人们对 3D 的印象,例如创：战纪和最近的丁丁历险记 、雨 果。与此同时，小屏幕 3D 电视内容开始出现，提供 3D 实时和点播视频服 务。Currently, there are 55 3D channels worldwide, including ESPN 3-D. Another 35 channels offer 3D content on-demand.目前，全世界有

14、55个3D电视频道，包括ESPN-3D。还有35个频道提供s bad3D 节目点播。If content and a disillusioned audience are the biggest problem, that for manufacturers: They have zero control over the content side of the equation.如果电视内容和观众灰心是最大的问题，那么制造商一定会很头疼：他们 没法控制电视内容。To this end, 3D TV manufacturers are doing whatever they can to ma

15、ke the 3D viewing experience as pleasing and trouble-free as possible. This includes doing away with uncomfortable, unattractive 3D glasses, which have also been cited in studies as barriers to consumer adoption. LG, for one, has announced it s making 3D glasses thatarelighter and more stylish.为此，3D

16、电视厂商极尽所能使得3D观赏体验能够轻松愉悦。研究包括如 何使 3D 眼镜使用更舒适、外形更具吸引力，这些都是阻碍消费者接受的因 素。例如LG公司就宣称，他们的3D眼镜更轻更有型。But even handsome 3D specs cant mitigate the headaches and fatigue suffered by some viewers of 3D content, or the high prices of 3D TVs.但有型的 3D 眼镜仍不能缓解部分人群观赏 3D 视频时的头疼和眼疲劳症 状。 3D 电视高昂的价格也是一种阻碍。So, yes, 3D TVs a

17、re expensive. And they can cause headaches. And they aren supported by a lot of quality content. All of which begs the question: Who s buyingthese things at all?所以，是的， 3D 电视价格昂贵，并且能引发头疼、还缺乏足够的内容支 持。那么不得不问一声：到底是谁在购买这些东西呢？The existing sales, however paltry, can be attributed to consumer desire to purc

18、hase high-end TVs. Consumers dont really want 3D specifically, but if they want that priciest, top-of-the-line unit, they ll receive 3D capability whether they like it ornot. “ Sometimesconsumers are even unaware that theyre getting a 3D set at the time of purchase, ” Futuresource Consulting s Fiona

19、 Hoy said.目前的销售情况，很难归因于消费者购买高端电视的消费意图。消费者并不是真正需要 3D 特性，只是说在选择高价位、高端产品线时，可以接受附带 的 3D 功能。“有时候用户都没有意识到（自己购买的是一台 3D 电视）。” 英国 未来咨询记者费欧娜 ?霍伊说。Whatever the reason for purchase, the most recent studies indicate consumers are slowly warming up to 3D. An October report from the Digital Entertainment Group fou

20、nd that the majority of 3D TV owners say the experience is positive: 88 percent of those surveyed rated 3D picture quality positively, and 85 percent of those 3D TV owners prefer to watch more than half of their programming in 3D.无论购买意图如何，最近的调查都表明消费者并不太热衷购买 3D 设备。 十月份的数字娱乐集团报告发现，大多数购买 3D 电视的用户都表示，价格

21、昂 贵不是坏事： 88%的被调查用户认为 3D 影像质量不错， 85%用户表示希望以 3D 形式观赏大部分电视节目。As prices come down, more content becomes available, and 3D glasses improve （or are replaced by glasses-free technology）, 3D TV adoption will only increase. Whether we reach the near 50 percent adoption rates that have been projected for 2014

22、 and 2015 is yet to be seen. But whether you like it or not, 3D does not appear to be in its death throes just yet.随着价格的下降， 3D 电视节目的增多、 3D 眼睛性能提升（或者被无需眼 镜技术取代）,3D电视会越来越普及。预计到 2014和2015年，3D电视的普及 率将达 50%，至于能否实现，让我们拭目以待。无论你是否看好，3D 显示技术还没到弥留的时候。Yes, we ll see new 3D displays and accessories at CES next

23、week, but you can rest assured the manufacturers-reachionvgehr ype campaigns are over.是的，我们会看到最新的 3D 显示器和各种周边设备，在下周的 CES 展 上，不过你大可放心， 3D 制造商们胡吹乱嗙的炒作活动是不会再有了。Three-dimensional television and the like got a major marketing push nearly two years ago from the consumer electronics and entertainment indus

24、tries, yet the technology still has major limitations. Whereas glasses-free 3-D on television screens and computer monitors is seen as crucial to generating widespread interest in new consumer electronics, for the most part, viewers still need to wear glasses to experience stereoscopic 3-D images, a

25、lthough glasses-free TVs are starting to hit in Japan.近两年来，主要在消费类电子产品和娱乐产业市场的推动下，三维电视及 相关产品获得了长足发展，但其技术仍然有很大的局限性。尽管 3D 电视屏幕 和电脑显示器等新兴消费类电子产品能否做到无需佩戴专门眼镜对能否引起人 们普遍兴趣至关重要，尽管裸眼 3D 电视已经在日本落户，然而对大部分观众 来说，他们仍然需要佩戴眼镜才能体验到 3D 立体图像。The use of 3-D sans specs has been much more successful in smaller screens su

26、ch as smartphones and portable gaming devices. But these LCDs must be backlit to work properly which can be a big battery drain and limits how small the gadgets can be made.无需佩戴眼镜的裸眼 3D 技术已经成功应用在了如智能手机和便携式游戏 设备的小屏幕上。但是，这些液晶显示器必须要背光照明才能正常工作，这就 带来了更大的电池消耗，以及限制了它们体积的进一步小型化。Now a team of researchers in

27、South Korea is developing an approach to autostereoscopic 3-D using tiny prisms that would enable viewers to see threedimensional images without glasses on organic light-emitting-diode (OLED) screens. Because OLEDs do not need to be backlit they get their lighting from organic compounds that emit li

28、ght in response to electric current they can be thinner, lighter and more flexible than LCDs. The innovation is detailed in a paper published in the August 30 issue of Nature Communications. (Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing Group.)如今韩国的研究人员正在开发一种自动立体 3D 显示技术，利用微型棱 镜，使观众能在有机发光二极管（ OL

29、ED ）屏幕上欣赏到三维图像。由于有机 发光二极管本身能通过电流使有机化合物发光，不需要背光照明，因此可以做 得比液晶显示器更轻、更薄，更有柔韧性。 （科学美国人是自然出版集团的 一部分。）The researchers from Seoul National University, Act Company and Minuta Technology used an array of microscale prisms placed on a screen to create a filter that guides light directionally. Using such a pris

30、m array which the researchers refer to as a lucius prism after the Latin word meaning shining and bright they were able to display an object on the screen that could be seen only when viewed from a particular angle. They were also able to manipulate light intensity such that two distinctly different

31、 images could be shown from the same screen one to a viewers left eye and a second image to the right eye. Seeing the two images together creates a sense of depth that the brain perceives as 3-D, without the help of special eyeglass lenses.首尔国立大学、 Act Company 和 Minuta Technology 的研究人员利用安置在 屏幕上的一个微型棱

32、镜阵列，作为过滤器来定向引导光线。利用这种棱镜阵列 （研究人员把它称之为“卢修斯”棱镜，在拉丁语中意思是“闪耀和明亮” ）， 就能够在屏幕上显示一个只有从特定角度才能看得到的物体。他们还能够控制 光的强度，这样两个明显不同的图像能够在同一屏幕上显示出来，一个显示在 观众的左眼，另一个显示在右眼。左右眼同时看见这两个图像时，就会产生一 种大脑认为的立体层次感，而无需佩戴专门眼镜。The lucius prism array described in the paper is a four-centimeter square, yet the researchers estimate the si

33、ze could be enlarged to that of a smartphone screen or even a video monitor. The prism array was made from photocurable polyurethane acrylate （PUA）, although any kind of transparent polymer could be used, says Hyunsik Yoon,a professor at Seoul National Universitys School of Chemical and BiologicalEn

34、gineering in South Korea and a researcher on the project.文件中所描述的 “卢修斯”棱镜阵列是一个 4 厘米的正方形，但研究人员估 计它可扩大到智能手机屏幕甚至视频监视器那么大。这种棱镜阵列由固化聚氨 酯丙烯酸酯（ PUA ）制成，当然任何一种透明聚合物都可用于制作这种棱镜阵 列，韩国首尔国立大学化学与生物工程学院教授兼该项目研究员 Hyunsik Yoon 说道。Another approach to glasses-free 3-D has been to generate 3-D holograms. Researchersat t

35、he University of Arizonas College of Optical Sciences （OSC） in Tucson, Ariz., last year reported developing technology that can write and rewrite such holograms onto a photorefractive polymer every two seconds using a laser. Whereas fluid motion via such holographic images remains elusive, OSCs puls

36、ed laser can write information into an array of holographic pixels, or hogels, that convey three-dimensional depth by showing different sides of the object depending on the viewers angle to the hologram. It can be used to provide full parallax viewers can move not only from side to side but also up

37、and down to see different perspectives, according to Nasser Peyghambarian, chair of photonics and lasers at OSC.另一种不用佩戴眼镜产生 3D效果的途径是利用生成的3D全息图像。去年 曾有报道称在亚利桑那州图森的亚利桑那大学光学科学学院（OSC ）的研究人员正在研发一种新技术，利用一束激光把上述的全息图像每隔两秒写入和复写 到一种光致折变聚合物上。光学科学学院利用脉冲激光把信息写入到一组全息 像素里，观众对全息图像的观察角度不同，物体所呈现出的各个侧面也就不 同，这样就能表现出物体的三

38、维立体层次感，但这种全息图像还无法表现流体 运动。按照光学科学学院光子学和激光系主任Nasser Peyghambarian的说法，这种技术可用于提供全视差图像，观众不仅可以从一侧移动到另一侧，还能上 下移动不同的观察角度。Yoon notes the distinction between his work and that of OSC: The work done by Peyghambarian is about the hologram-type autostereoscopic 3-D display. Although it could be the ultimate goal

39、of 3-D displays, our optical film can be used and is applicable for commercialized LCD and OLED devices by just putting the film on the display panel. The 3-D displays resolution can be improved by shadow mask technology already developed in the OLED industry to deposit materials on selective areas,

40、 Yoon adds. One criticism of shadow mask evaporation, however, is that it does not scale well to large-size screens and is not conducive to high-volume manufacturing, although this is not likely an issue yet for Yoon and his colleagues (pdf).Yoon这样评价他的研究成果与和OSC之间的区别：“Peyghambarian研制的是一种全息图像型的自动立体3D显

41、示器。尽管那可能是3D显示器的终极目标，但我们的光学薄膜能运用而且适合运用在商业化的 LCD 和 OLED 设备上， 仅仅只需在显示面板上装上薄膜。Yoon补充说道，可以通过OLED产业成熟的 荫罩技术，在特定区域用沉积法镀上一层特殊材料，来提高 3D 显示器的分辨 率。然而，荫罩蒸镀让人诟病的一点是它不能很好的扩展到大尺寸屏幕，不利 于大批量生产，不过这对于 Yoon 和他的同事来说问题不大。In addition to research done by Yoon and OSC, 3Ms Optical Systems Division announced in 2009 that it

42、had developed a 3-D optical film for handheld devices that enabled autostereoscopic 3-D viewing on mobile phone, gaming and other handheld devices without the need for glasses. SeoulNational Universitys work differs from 3Ms in that the 3M film cannot be used for OLED devices, which have no backligh

43、t unit, Yoon says.除了 Yoon和OSC完成的研究成果之外，3M公司的光学系统部在2009年 宣布它开发了一种用于手持设备的 3D 光学薄膜，无需眼镜就可以在手机、游 戏和其他手持设备上实现自动 3D 立体视觉效果。 Yoon 称与首尔国立大学的研究成果不同的是， 3M 的薄膜不能用于 OLE 设备，因为它没有背光单元Smartphone makers are already bringing 3-D handsets to market worldwide. The HTC EVO 3D and LG Optimus 3D feature 11-centimeter dis

44、plays that use parallax barrier screens to provide a 3-D effect. Such a screen is made with precision slits that allow each eye to see a different set of pixels. When placed in front of an LCD, the screen creates a sense of depth using the parallax effect (each eye views an object from a slightly di

45、fferent angle). Unfortunately, this approach requires the viewer to look at the screen at a very specific angle in order to experience the 3-D effect.智能手机厂商已经在全球市场上推出了3D手机。宏达的EVO 3D和LG的Optimus 3D 11厘米显示器的特点是利用视差格栅屏幕来实现 3D 效果。这种屏 幕由许多精密的夹缝构成，能让每只眼睛都能看到不同的像素组合。如果在液 晶显示器前面安置这种屏幕，由于视差效果(每只眼睛从稍微不同的角度看物 体

46、)的缘故，就会产生一种立体层次感。不幸的是，这种方法需要观看者从某 个特定的角度去看屏幕，才能体验到3D效果。Microsoft is developing glasses-free 3D technology that follows view ers movements and projects images directly into their eyes.微软正在开发一项裸眼 3D 技术，该技术能追踪不断移动的观众，将影像 直接映入他们眼里。Existing 3D screensthat do not require glasses, including Nintendo rescen

47、tly launched 3DS handheld console, can only be viewed from specific angles.现有的裸眼3D技术，如Nitendo最近发布的一款3DS手持设备，所放映出 来的影像要求观众必须从特定角度观看。But the new technology from Microsoft?s Applied Sciences Group in California uses cameras to track viewers? positions and alter the angle of projection. Sending differen

48、t images to viewers? right and left eyes creates the 3D effect.但是位于加利福尼亚州的微软应用科学小组开发的新技术能利用摄像头定位观众的位置并即时调整影像的投射角度，向观众的双眼投射不同的影像以制 造出 3D 效果。The technology is scalable and applicable to all device sizes from mobile phones to laptops to large walls,? Stevie Bathiche, the group?s research director, told

49、 The Engineer. ,The approach stays low cost even on very big screens“这项技术可广泛应用于手机，笔记本电脑和壁挂型显示器各类大小设备，”该小组研究主任Stevie Bathiche告诉The Engineer说，“即使应用在大尺寸 屏幕上，成本也很低。 ”The system uses a wedge-shaped lens to steer light from movable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to the viewers? eyes. Light enters at the thinner, bottom end of the lens and bounces around until reaching the desired angle and emerging from the front of the lens.该技术的原理是，可移动的发光