简述股份合作制企业的改革与发展（The reform and development of stock cooperative enterprise）

1、简述股份合作制企业的改革与发展（The reform and development of stock cooperative enterprise）The reform and development of stock cooperative enterpriseKey words: joint stock cooperative enterprise, collective enterprise, property right system, management system, reformBusiness person, exploration and practice, new me

2、chanism, ownership structure, corporate governance structure, capital structureAbstract: through the exploration and practice in recent years, the reform of joint-stock cooperative enterprises has been made in some areasMany successful experiences have been obtained, but there are still many practic

3、al problems that need to be solved, which are worth our recognitionReally sum up and discuss. In this paper, the reform and development of joint-stock cooperative enterprises are discussed. DFirst, we should further improve the property right system of enterprisesThe property right system is the fou

4、ndation for the existence of the enterprise under the market economy, and also the nucleus of the enterprise systemHeart. For enterprises that have been restructured into stock cooperative enterprises, only by innovating in the property right system can enterprises be establishedThe legal person sys

5、tem of the industry is truly clear of property rights and open to the government and enterprises, thus forming a self operated and self financing machineSystem, which is a prerequisite for enterprises to move towards the market. At present, there are some shares in the reform of the property right s

6、ystemCooperative enterprises, especially those with relatively early restructuring, have irrational share rights, representing equity equalization,The incentive and restraint functions of property rights do not really play a role. Therefore, it is necessary for enterprises to carry out the ownership

7、 structureWe should adjust the proportion of the shares properly, optimize the ownership structure, and promote the formation of new enterprise mechanisms.The adjustment of ownership structure of joint-stock cooperative enterprises, to proceed from reality, enterprise system. Per shareThe specific c

8、ircumstances of a cooperative enterprise generally include the following options: one is for the original enterpriseThe operation is relatively good, and the ownership of state-owned net assets is still reserved after the enterprise has been reformedAccording to the length of service and contributio

9、n and other factors, according to a certain proportion of preferential allocation to all the staff of the method; to lifeDifficulties, can not afford to buy shares of the stock of workers can take credit measures, placing shares will lend credit to workers.After the enterprise really enliven, worker

10、s have the ability to bear, and then recover the ownership. The two is the reform of collective enterprisesIf a large collective stock is still retained, it may be drawn to all employees at a time according to seniority and contributionMethod. Can also take out part of the internal preferential sale

11、, so that both can open equity ratio, and can suckA certain amount of incremental capital. Collective enterprises shall retain a certain amount of public accumulation in accordance with relevant regulations,But not too big. Three, there is no net asset for the reform, and the debt burden is heavy, i

12、n the case of debtEmployees who invest in shares should, as far as possible, help to resolve some of the debt burden and increase their internal debts while reducing their debts.Enterprises with special difficulties may transfer part or all of their land assets to enterprises for freeIncrease capita

13、l, reduce debts and perfect capital structure. Four is to take the expansion of the internal incremental shares approach to change the original equityStructure. For enterprises with better operating conditions after the reform, they may leave part of their income to the enterprise for sharesPrincipa

14、l。 Five, no matter what kind of enterprise, the operator must be in a certain proportion of more shares, which is conducive to the formation ofIncentive and restraint mechanism.The stock cooperative enterprise is one of the typical characteristics of the company systemThe effective corporate governa

15、nce structure forms a balance mechanism that is independent of each other and is bound by each other. Such systemWeighing mechanism can ensure the effective operation of enterprises.At present, the most important thing is to standardize and perfect the corporate governance structure of the joint-sto

16、ck cooperative enterprises. In the restructuring of sharesSome enterprises in the cooperative system lack the specific system and the operation of the company, which is supported by the companys Zhang ChengxiangVery non-standard. Therefore, the rights of the shareholders meeting, the board of direct

17、ors, the board of supervisors and the managers should be clearly defined,On the basis of responsibility and benefit, we should further improve the corporate governance structure, the whole and all aspects of the operationRules and procedures, the production and management of enterprises in all aspec

18、ts of activities, the various elements of organic organization, so thatThe operation of the enterprise is coordinated and orderly. To standardize and perfect the corporate governance structure, we should pay special attention to the establishment of corporate governance structureA mechanism for stop

19、ping erroneous decisions. At present, some corporate governance structure of stock cooperative enterprises is useless, newThe mechanism of checks and balances has not really been established, and the decision-making freedom of enterprises is still very large, and in the long run, it is inevitableCau

20、se damage to the enterprise. Corresponding measures should be taken to effectively prevent and correct the irregularities caused by the operationError decision making. While standardizing and improving, we should also be bold in practice according to the characteristics of small enterprisesNew, acti

21、vely explore the corporate governance structure in line with the actual situation of joint-stock cooperative enterprises.Three, push forward the reform of enterprise internal management systemThere are many contents in the reform of the internal management system of enterprises, and the stock cooper

22、ative enterprises should pay more attention to themThe reform of three aspects: one is in the employment system, as well as to the establishment of large state-owned enterprises, enhance efficiencyMechanism. Two, in the distribution system, we should appropriately increase the proportion of producti

23、on factors. Some shares nowThe cooperative enterprise emphasizes labor combination, but ignores capital combination, and shows some good economic returnsThe dividend rate of industry capital is too low. This is not conducive to mobilize the enthusiasm of workers to invest in shares, improve and opti

24、mize enterprisesThe capital structure of the industry is also not conducive to the expansion of enterprise capital, to solve the current shortage of investment and short of fundsMissing question. Therefore, in keeping with the distribution according to work as the main body, enterprises should appro

25、priately increase capital in the proceedsProportion in distribution. In addition, technology participation and distribution can encourage the introduction of professional and technical personnel, and promote enterprise skillsTechnological progress promotes the formation of enterprises technological

26、innovation mechanism. Three is to strengthen the democratic management of workers and enterprises. HengWhether an enterprise has changed its operation mechanism or not, an important sign is whether it has aroused the enthusiasm of the staff and workers.We should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of work

27、ers and, more importantly, through the establishment of a reliable system to guarantee. Stock cooperationThe enterprise must combine the reform of the property right system and the organizational system to further improve and innovate the participation of workers in EnterprisesManagement system, so

28、that the rights of workers have been effectively implemented. Four, strengthen enterprises with new ideas and waysLeading group constructionIn a sense, invigorate the enterprise system is fundamental, the human factor is the key, there is no high-qualityIt is impossible for anyone to manage and oper

29、ate any good system. Therefore, enterprises in the reform of the system andAt the same time, we should strengthen the ranks of management personnel, especially the construction of leading bodies. In recent years, inIn the reform of joint-stock cooperative enterprises, enterprises generally adopt all

30、 shareholders or employees to democratically elect the board of directors and supervisorsA member of the club, it is a very big step forward. Democratic elections are not only conducive to promoting separation of government and enterprises, but alsoThe enterprise becomes the legal person subject, an

31、d strengthens the workers participation consciousness and the operators social responsibility feeling accumulatesPolar role. However, in the immature development of the talent market, most enterprises are only in the enterpriseThere is a certain limit to the selection of operators. This problem depe

32、nds on the enterprise itself is difficult to solve, organization, peopleThe departments concerned and relevant departments should speed up the pace of transformation of ideas, ideas and working methods, and directly select managers from the pastTurn to indirectly manage the ranks of managers, and fu

33、rther improve and improve the election, appointment and dismissal of specificRules, strengthen the training of management personnel, establish examination evaluation and qualification certification system, and gradually formThe operation and management of the talent market will create conditions for

34、 rational and orderly flow of managers, which will eventually be realized by market allocationIndustry management talent resources.The establishment of an effective incentive and restraint mechanism is one of the problems to be solved in the reform of the management system of the leading group of en

35、terprisesOn the basis of careful summing up of practical experience, the leading group of enterprises should actively exploreA concrete way of forming a new mechanism. In recent years, joint-stock enterprises in some places have been reformingThe assets management responsibility system shall be esta

36、blished between the Executive Committee and the manager. At present, Chinas capital market is not bound by foreign enterprisesBefore the operation and management of the talent market has not yet formed, some methods such as the management responsibility system can be usedIn order to say, it is an ef

37、fective form of establishing incentive and restraint mechanism, and it should be popularized after being summarized and perfected.Five, the implementation of the effective supervision of public assetsFrom the situation of joint-stock cooperative enterprise reform in recent years, there are quite a f

38、ew enterprises in the process of restructuringIn fact, there are no net assets, and some are even insolvent. In order to support enterprises, as soon as possible to change the mechanism, goOn the market, restructuring, the State paid a greater cost, workers in difficult circumstances, from the pocke

39、ts of moneyStock. Therefore, we must strengthen the effective supervision of the stock cooperative enterprise managers. Such supervision should mainlyWhen the enterprise managers to achieve. However, due to the formation of the new mechanism of enterprises, there needs to be a process, and thenIn ad

40、dition, the staffs participation consciousness is not strong, the operators limited reason and so on, in the consummation enterprise internal restraint machineAt the same time, external supervision is indispensable, at least during the transition period of the external supervision of public assetsIt is necessary to supervise. In a certain period of time, the government should adopt some of the larger joint-stock cooperative enterprisesRegular audit and evaluation, in order to meet the enterprise shareholders meeting