填空题-英语词汇学

1、.2002.4 16._ Grammatical_meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17. The word _minister_has the old meaning servant and the elevated meaning head of a ministry.18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or conventional _.随意的和约定俗称的19. When a word with more than one

2、 meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _ambiguity.20. Almost all affixes are _bound morphemes because few can be used as independent words.2003.4 16. The degraded meaning “sexual desire ”of the word “lust ”comes from its old meaning “ pleasure ”.17. Bound morphemes include two types: bound

3、root and stem 18.The headword or entries are defined in the same language in a monolingual dictionary. 单语词典19.The basic word stock forms the common core of the language.20 概念意义 Conceptual meaning is also known as denotative meaning. 外延意义。2004.4 16. In the course book, the idioms are classified accor

4、ding to grammatical/ syntactic_ functions. 17. Linguistic context can be further divided into _lexical_ context and grammatical context. 18. The Celtic_ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes. 19. Morphemes which are identica

5、l with root words are considered to be _free_. 20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of _meaning_. 2005.4 16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is extension17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a specialized _ dictionary.18. When a new word appears

6、 for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or _clues_ in the context to help the readers. 19. Radiation and concatenation _ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to_15

7、00_.2006.416.The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of _French_ words into English.17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or _degradation_18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give _i

8、ndication_ of referents.19. Compounds are different from free phrases in _semantic_ unit.20. Content words have both meanings, and _lexical_ meaning in particular.2007.416The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the _ morpheme 17Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowi

9、ng, degradation, elevation and _transfer_.18In the word “post-war”, “post-” is a prefix of _Suffixes_. 19Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong _ grammatical _meaning. 20Relative synonyms also called _ near-synonyms _ are similar or

10、nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.2008 填空：16. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as _inflectional_ morphemes.17. The chief function of _Prefixes_ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change

11、 its meaning.18. “Pavement” in British English and “sidewalk” in American English have the same _sense_.19. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the _semantic field of colours.(语义场)20. Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one bein

12、g _negative_ and the other opposite2009填空：41When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a meaningful_ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: _creation_, semantic change and borrowin

13、g.43We might say that free morphemes are free root.44The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called _affixation_.45Semantic _motivation_ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word46Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully _ identical _

14、 with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47Vocabulary is the most _unstable_ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48Ambiguity often arises due to _polysemy_ and homonymy.49Idioms consist of set _phrases_ and short sentences.50Monolingual dictionaries

15、are written in _one_ language.2010填空：41. Grammarians insist that a word be a _free_form that can function in a sentence. 642. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _analytic_language. 2943. The

16、 morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and _bound_morphemes. 3944. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called Derivatives_派生_. 4645. Though having little lexical meaning_functional_words have strong grammatical meaning. 8646. The vocabulary of a language is in constant

17、change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal _relations_of the whole set alter. 121 47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or degradation. 18548. The sentence “I like Mary better than Jean.”

18、will lead to ambiguity. 15649. The fixity of idioms depends on the idiomaticity. 165习语的固定性依靠于习语化程度50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into _encyclopedia and encyclopedic dictionaries.2011填空：31. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one _million_ words.32

19、. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many _religious_ terms such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.33. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or

20、function are _affixes 词缀34. The process of changing the word possible into impossible is called _Prefixation_.前缀法35. The synonymous pair die pass away has the same concept_ but different stylistic values.36. Semantically, all _words_ are related in one way or another.37. Fortuitous formerly denoted

21、happening by chance, accidental and later took on the meaning fortunate probably by _analogy_ because the two words look similar.38. The sentence He is a hard businessman is ambiguous due to _Polysemy_.39. The characteristic of idioms _semantic_ unity can be reflected by the understanding of such id

22、iom as rain cats and dogs.40. Definition, extra column and usage _examples_ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987).2012年填空31. A word is a minimal free _ form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.32. In the Middle English perio

23、d, the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of _French_ words into English.33. The basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity is called a _root_.34. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called back-formation_.35. Words such a

24、s “vicious, tyrant, determined, famous, notorious” usually indicate the speakers attitude towards the person or thing in question. They have _affective_ meaning in themselves.36. A word which is related to other words is related to them in _sense_.37. Car which used to be a “two-wheel cart drawn by

25、horses and used in _war_ ”has taken on the meaning “automobile” with the development of modern car industry.38. In the sentence “Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather than in the geocentric theory.”, the word “heliocentric” is explained by the clue of _word_ structure.39. Due to str

26、uctural _stability_ of idioms, the word order of the idiom “by twos and threes” cannot be turned into “by threes and twos”.40. Against the traditional practice of lexicography, _CCELD_ creates an extra column arranged alongside the definitions.2014年填空：31. A word is a _minimal_ free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.32. In Old English period, the in