中考英语 考点聚焦 第42讲 选择型阅读理解

1、第42讲选择型阅读理解,C篇：均为广告图表类的应用文(除2014年为一篇说明文外), 话题多涉及学生活动和事物介绍等。词数为100265。 设空形式为挖空型和问答型, 其中以问答型为主。考查方式以细节理解题为主, 穿插设置推理判断题、词义猜测题、数字计算题、标题归纳题和主旨大意题等。其中A篇第5小题设题倾向于主旨大意题或标题归纳题, 以标题归纳题为主, B篇的第5小题也倾向于主旨大意题或标题归纳题, 且和A篇第5小题的考查角度不重复。三篇文章只会涉及一道词义猜测题, 选项均为汉语意思, 且C篇一般不会涉及词义猜测题,一、快速阅读短文 先读题, 明确题目要求, 然后带着问题去读文章, 这种方法称

2、为寻读。快速阅读一遍全文, 弄清段落大意, 对全文有一个整体了解, 阅读时从宏观入手, 掌握中心意思, 注意哪些是用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节, 抓住关键词, 弄清作者的写作目的及意图。如遇到生词, 应先跳过, 继续阅读全文, 切忌长时间猜测生词的意思, 因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解, 还有一些词可以通过上下文推测出其含义,二、认真逐题作答 看完短文后, 对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解, 然后马上看文章后的问题, 带着问题去找答案。如果属于客观事实题, 可直接在短文中找到答案。如果是主观判断题, 则应迅速再读全文, 仔细分析思考。 三、仔细检查答案 做完所有题目后, 再读一遍短文, 逐

3、一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有不太确定的答案, 不要随意更改。一定从原文中找到依据, 方可更正,2015, 河南) There is little doubt that house cats first developed naturally from ancient wild cats.The closest relative is the African wild cat which still lives in Africa today.This is understandable because the first house cats came from Africa. Cats f

4、irst started to live around people in Egypt about 6, 0007, 000 years ago.From Egypt, cats started to move around the world.This is about the same time that Egyptians began storing grain(谷物)in building.Scientists used to believe that people tamed cats to catch mice and protect the grain.However, cats

5、 dont like to be told what to do！Now, scientists believe that cats followed the mice and learned to accept people,Finally. some of the cats began to grow comfortable around people. These were smaller cats that needed protection. As these cats and people got used to each other, then they moved in tog

6、ether. Around 5, 000 years ago, cats started to live with people. Soon cats were in Greece, then the Middle East and China. They moved along Egyptian business roads keeping away mice and keeping people around them. After the Romans came to Egypt, they also accepted the cats and brought them to Europ

7、e. These cats likely bred(繁殖)with other cats to form the many kinds of house cats we have today,Cats are relatively recent house animals.House cats still have a lot in common with their wild relatives.Cats sleep a lot to save energy just like wild cats.They will often get food at night as well.House

8、 cats are generally peaceful and friendly, but be careful！If a cat feels it is in danger, it will fight backjust like a wild cat! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1.Where did the first house cats come from? A.Asia.B.Africa.C.Europe.D.America. 2.When did cats start to live with people? A.About 4, 000 years ago. B.About

9、 5, 000 years ago. C.About 6, 000 years ago. D.About 7, 000 years ago,3.According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A.Cats started to move around the world from China. B.Cats get food at night to save energy like wild cats. C.Cats have a little in common with their wild relatives. D.Cats

10、were accepted and brought to Europe by Romans. 4.What does the underlined word “tamed” mean in Chinese? A.驱散B.捕捉C.驯化D.引进 5.What does the text mainly talk about? A.The development of house cats. B.Different cats in different countries. C.The relationship between cats and people. D.The differences bet

11、ween house cats and wild cats,命题角度拓展】 6.What can we conclude from the passage? A.House cats are totally different from wild cats. B.Cats couldnt catch mice before they were tamed. C.All cats dont like to catch mice a long time ago. D.Wild cats are peoples good friends in Africa. 7.Whats the best tit

12、le of this passage? A.Cats Development B.Peoples Development C.Cats in Africa D.Cats and Mice,主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了家猫的驯化过程。家猫从非洲的野猫被人类驯化去捕捉老鼠保护谷物, 一直到现在世界各地的家猫都在保护着人类谷物的安全, 文章最后列举了几个它们跟野猫相似的地方,1.B 解析：细节理解题。题干意为：第一批家猫来自哪儿？Asia意为“亚洲”；Africa意为“非洲”；Europe意为“欧洲”；America意为“美洲”。根据第一段最后一句“This is understandable

13、 because the first house cats came from Africa”意为“这是可以理解的, 因为第一批家猫来自非洲”。可知选B。 2.B 解析：细节理解题。题干意为：猫什么时候开始和人类居住在一起？根据第二段最后一句“Around 5, 000 years ago, cats started to live with people”意为“大约5000年前, 猫开始和人类居住在一起”。可知选B,3.D 解析：细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章, 下列哪项是正确的？A项：猫从中国开始走向世界；B项：猫像野猫一样在晚上猎食是为了积攒能量；C项：猫跟他们的野猫亲戚有一点共同之处；

14、D项：猫被罗马人接受并带到了欧洲。根据第三段倒数第二句“After the Romans came to Egypt, they also accepted the cats and brought them to Europe”意为“在罗马人来到埃及后, 他们也接受了猫并把他们带到了欧洲”。可知D项表述是正确的。 4.C 解析：词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“tamed”的汉语意思是什么？分析上文, 埃及人开始在建筑物里存储谷物, 科学家过去常常相信人类驯化猫去捉老鼠并且保护谷物, 故选C,5.A 解析：主旨大意题。题干意为：文章主要谈论了什么？A项：家猫的发展史；B项：不同国家的不同的猫；

15、C项：猫和人类的关系；D项：家猫和野猫的区别。分析文章可知, 主要介绍了家猫如何从野猫发展而来的, 故选A。 【命题角度拓展】 6.B 解析：推理判断题。题干意为：我们可以从这篇文章中推断出什么？A项：家猫和野猫完全不同。B项：在被驯化之前猫不会抓老鼠。C项：很久以前, 所有的猫都不喜欢抓老鼠。D项：在非洲, 野猫是人们的朋友。根据第二段第四句“people tamed cats to catch mice and protect the grain”可推断出最开始猫是不会抓老鼠的。故选B,7.A 解析：标题归纳题。A项：猫的进化；B项：人类的进化；C项：非洲的猫；D项：猫和老鼠；整篇文章说的

16、是猫是如何由野猫进化为家猫并和人类居住在一起的。故选A。 【方法突破】 细节理解题方法突破 细节理解题往往是针对短文中某个细节来设题。做此类题, 应快速捕捉信息, 利用题目的关键词, 寻找文章对应词, 在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案, 对号入座。此类型的问题多为what/who/which/when/where/how或者why等词引导, 就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。如1、2和3题,词义猜测题方法突破 解答此类试题, 需要根据前后的比较对照关系, 对它的定义(描述)重述以及举例等进行猜测或者利用同位语、同义词及构词法等进行猜测。如4题。 主旨大意题方法突破 此

17、类题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上, 对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。作这种题目时, 不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义, 如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)和结局(ending)等有关问题, 都需要在细读全文的基础上, 结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断, 从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有,The general idea of the passage is about. The main idea of the article is. The main purpose of the selection is. The passage su

18、ggests that. What does the text mainly tell us? What does the text mainly talk about? 推理判断题方法突破 此类题需要根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章论调和倾向进行推断。这类推断题通常包括：数字事实推断、常识推断以及作者写作目的、态度等推断。如6题。常以如下句式发问： What can you conclude(推断)from this passage? Whats the authors attitude(看法)towards.? We can infer(推断)from the passage that. Which statement is (no