智慧树知到《Arguments and Fallacies》2019章节测试答案

1、精品资料欢迎阅读 智慧树知到Arguments and Fallacies2019章节测试答案 智慧树知到Arguments and Fallacies2019章节测试答案第1章 单元测试1、Every argument has more than one premise.答案：错2、The goal of an argument is to abuse the audience.答案：错3、To justify a conclusion, you need to persuade someone.答案：错4、“33 + 66 = 99” is an argument.答案：错5、All ar

2、guments are used either to justify or to explain their conclusions.答案：错6、Every conclusion contradicts what the audience believes.答案：错7、An argument that is spoken is no good if it is not spoken loudly enough.答案：错8、When an argument is used for explanation, its purpose is to give a reason to believe th

3、at its conclusion is true.答案：错9、You can give the meaning of a word by describing how it is used.答案：对10、All arguments are made up of (or expressed in) language of some kind.答案：对11、To persuade someone, you need to justify a conclusion.答案：错12、An explanation answers a question about why something happen

4、ed.答案：对13、Language is completely arbitrary.答案：错14、The goal of an argument is to beat an opponent.答案：错15、“Water is H2O, and salt is NaCl” is an argument.答案：商品16、An argument can succeed in justifying its conclusion even if its audience rejects the argument’s premises.答案：对17、When an argument is u

5、sed for persuasion, its purpose is to cause its audience to believe its conclusion.答案：对18、A justification tries to present a reason to believe its conclusion.答案：对第2章 单元测试1、The word “ since ” is always a premise marker.答案：错2、If a word in a sentence can be replaced by a conclusion marker without signi

6、ficantly changing the meaning of the sentence, then the word is used as a conclusion marker in that sentence.答案：对3、Negative evaluative utterances say that something violates a standard.答案：对4、An assuring term is reflexive when it refers to the mental state of the speaker.答案：对5、The word“too”in “too sm

7、all” introduces an evaluation.答案：对 6、“If … then …” is an argument marker.答案：错7、A(n) _term is used to indicate that the speaker has some reasons for what he says without actually specifying what those reasons are.答案：第一空： accountant 第二空： mechanic 第三空： chef 第四空： tour guide8、A(n) _ term is

8、 used to indicate a response to a possible objection.答案：第一空： accountant 第二空： mechanic 第三空： chef 第四空： tour guide9、A(n) _ term is used to weaken a claim in order to make it easier to defend against possible criticisms.答案：第一空： accountant 第二空： mechanic 第三空： chef 第四空： tour guide10、A(n) _ term can be eith

9、er positive or negative.答案：/æ/11、Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message

10、 is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts ge

11、nerally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evo

12、lution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solut

13、ions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce.答案：P = a premise marker12、Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be a

14、cceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different

15、functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must

16、 have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, idea

17、l design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce. 答案：P = a p

18、remise marker13、Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but pro

19、found. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for o

20、ther purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of

21、 optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of e

22、volution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce.答案：P = a premise marker14、Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must

23、 choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had d

24、esigned a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordi

25、nary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy arg

26、ument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce. 答案：P = a premise marker15、Please

27、indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufact

28、ure their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids

29、were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—n

30、early perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths th

31、at a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce.答案：P = a premise marker16、Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option

32、 as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful mac

33、hine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the

34、paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, fo

35、r it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce. 答案：P = a premise marker17、Please indicate the main funct

36、ion of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate dev

37、ices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ide

38、al engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry o

39、f a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would

40、 never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce.答案：P = a premise marker18、Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Stev

41、en Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wis

42、dom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common

43、theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postula

44、ted action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce. 答案：P = a premise marker19、Please indicate the main function of the word that is

45、 in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common co

46、mponents of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are j

47、ury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butt

48、erfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a

49、 natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce.答案：P = a premise marker20、Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “T

50、he Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely h

51、e would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy o

52、f essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipo

53、tent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce. 答案：P = a premise marker21、Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the fol

54、lowing passage. More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best. From Steven Jay Gould — “The Panda’s Thumb” : … The message is paradoxical but profound. Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary fl

55、owers, parts usually fitted for very different functions. If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes. Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limit

56、ed set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers. Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous

57、 species by a palatable relative. However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator. Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce.答案：P = a premise mar