高三名词性从句全解析

1、授课主题名词性从句讲解以及高考考点教学内容课前回顾先看以下题目：选择1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what3. This is _ he was often late for school.A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the truth

2、_ the earth _ around the sun.A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move知识梳理名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句成分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, i

3、f, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 填空： 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.知识点1：主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e

4、.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.注意：that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/

5、nowonderthat.(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat（D）Itseems/happens/occurs/turned out that如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight. ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.知识点2：表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。 1、由从属连词that，whet

6、her引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. The question is whether we need more ice cream.2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词w

7、ho, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go. The problem was who could do the work. 3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. That is what he is worried about. 4、由连词because，as if/as though等引

8、导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow. e.g. The question was who could go there.知识点3：宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2、宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当t

9、hat作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如： Hejudgedthat, becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwine Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried. Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.3、whether和if的用法。1）whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如： Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.2）后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：

10、IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.3）主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether。如： Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet. Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney. Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.4）whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimp

11、ortant.5）whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如： Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.6）宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。如： Thankyou,butwhetherIllbefreeImnotsureatthemoment.7）引导条件状语从句时， 必须用if . If it rains tomorrow , we wont go to the Summer Palace .if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open a

12、ir tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.知识点4：同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同

13、位语，一般位于该名词（如：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea 、promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.注意: 同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，定语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位

14、语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea、promise等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.The information that he revealed at the meeting i

15、s of great value.知识点5：疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.No

16、matterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.知识点6：名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,IdidntknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导

17、一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbegin_notbeendecidedyet.（has not ）Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo_notbeendecidedyet.( have not)Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_notbeendecided.（has not ）知识点7：名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Weveheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.Whatev

18、eryousaywillinterestusall.知识点8：that和what的区别that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定主语、宾语、表语或定语，what的意思是:“什么, 的.”What surprised me most is her cheerful expression on her face. That/what 1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.

19、4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon知识点9：名词性从句高考趋势和重点一、 It 在名词性从句中得用法：1. It is time that(虚拟语气) w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m2. It is the first time that（现在完成时）3. It i

20、s necessary (important) thatshould do(虚拟语气)4. It is likely(possible, obvious, clear, natural, certain,) that5. It is a pity(a fact, good news, no wonder, an honour, a shame, common sense, a common practice) that6. It turned out that; It happened that; It occurred to sb. that; 7. It is said(reported,

21、 believed, estimated, announced, expected) that;8. It is suggested(required, ordered) that(虚拟语气)二、 What 与that 在名词性从句中用法比较：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mThat Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.What Tom learned in university helps him a lot in his job.注：that 在从句中不作任何成分，what 在从句中必须担当主语

22、或宾语。We have reached what is called XinJie kou.三、 宾语从句1. 一个动词后跟多个宾语从句时，第二个开始的连词that不能省略。He said (that) he didnt attend the party and that he didnt want to.2. 否定转移I dont think he is fit for the job, is he?I never thought that he would come for the dinner party.3. 有些不可直接跟宾语从句的动词。I hate it when; I disli

23、ke it when; Id appreciate it ifI will see to it that4. 与定语从句的转换Jerry told us _ he had seen abroad.A. what B. all that C. all what D. all 注：本题四个答案都正确。答案C 可以看作all 是前面的us 的同位语。 四、 主语从句a. 主语从句于定语从句的转换 What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mb. 几个特殊句型之间的转换 I

24、t is known to all that China has joined the WTO. As is known to all, China has joined the WTO. What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.五、 表语从句a. 表语从句中的虚拟语气 My suggestion is that we should carry out the plan as soon as possible.b. 几个表语从句的切换 The reason why I came late is that my car brok

25、e down on the half way. He came late. Thats because his car broke down. His car broke down on the half way. Thats why he came late.六、 同位语从句a. 与定语从句的区别 It is a fact that he has done his best. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m It is a fact that you cant refuse.b. 同位语从句中的虚拟语气 The proposal that he put forward is to b

26、e discussed at the meeting. The proposal that we should import more equipment is to be discussed.c. have no idea 后面跟同位语从句 I have no idea where Green Park lies.巩固练习名词性从句：1. Do you know that Australia was as a matter of fact _used to be a land for prisoners? (2011年宝山区一模)A. where B. what C. which D. th

27、at2. “It seems as if thereve been a lot of strong earthquakes this year. And no, its not a signal _the planet is coming apart at the seams(缝隙).” Scientists say. (2011年宝山区一模)A. whether B. that C. what D. which3.There is growing concern _food supplies will not be enough to feed the increasing world po

28、pulation. (2011年长宁区一模)A. thatB. whichC. asD. where4.The lady was beautiful and _impressed me most was her education background that she used to do scientific research at Stanford University. (2011年长宁区一模)A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what5. _does something good will be praised by the teacher. (2011年崇明县一模

29、)A. Anyone B. No matter who C. Those whoD. Whoever6. A few years ago, the belief became general _orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same time. (2011年崇明县一模)A. thatB. whatC. and thatD. which7. _the trapped miners needed urgently was a continuous supply of fresh air and water. (2011年奉贤区

30、一模)A. When B. That C. What D. Whether8. Contrary to the opinion of the members, the president should appoint _he thinks can do the job most adequately. (2011年奉贤区一模)A. who B. whom C. whomever D. whoever9.In yesterdays speech, it wasnt made clear _the earthquake cant be predicted accurately. (2011年虹口区

31、一模)A. what B. whyC. thatD. how10.Research shows when people are shut up together, theyre in _is called a stress situation. (2011年虹口区一模)A. that B. howC. whatD. why11. We will discuss _information is, or can be, organized in the course of Journalism. (2011年黄浦区一模)A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. how12. _make

32、s the working class differ from peasants is longer periods of employment and more fixed incomes. (2011年黄浦区一模)A. ThatB. HowC. WhatD. Whether13. All the people wondered eagerly _caused the serious building fire in Jiaozhou Road in Shanghai. (2011年嘉定区一模)A. what was it that B. what it was that C. how it

33、 was that D. why it was that14. All the specialists are trying their best to reduce the peoples fear _ “super influenza” will affect the world seriously and kill more and more people in a short time. (2011年嘉定区一模)A. which B. that C. whetherD. because15. _ is most important to me is that a volunteer j

34、ob for the World Expo Park can offer me a chance to help others. (2011年嘉定区一模)A. It B. That C. What D. This16.His ability has never been in doubtthe question is _or not he is prepared to work hard. (2011年金山区一模)A. that B. if C. where D. whether17. Do you know _had reported the accident to the police?

35、(2011年金山区一模)A. who it was thatB. who was it that C. it was who that D. that it was who18. More and more Chinese people follow the practice _they will travel to various scenic spots to enjoy the scenery in their leisure time. (2011年金山区一模)A. whetherB. whichC. whereD. that19. Everyone found _strange it

36、 was for Mr. Wang to arrive so early, he was always the last to get to. (2011年静安区一模)A. howB. whichC. thatD. what20.The problemthe quality of the products is up to requirement has not been settled. (2011年静安区一模)A. ifB. thatC. whatD. whether21.They refused to admit Paul to the performance because ofhe

37、was wearing. (2011年静安区一模)A. whatB. howC. thatD. which22.How close parents are to their children _a strong influence on the character of the Children. (2011年卢湾区一模)A. haveB. hasC havingD. to have23When I try to understand _that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it see

38、ms to me that there are two causes. (2011年卢湾区一模)A. why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is24.Prof. Lees book will show you _can be used in other contexts. (2011年卢湾区一模)A. that you have observedB. that how you have observedC. how that you have observedD. how what you have observed25. Ph

39、ysics is the present-day equivalent of _used to be called natural philosophy, from which most of present-day science arose. (2011年卢湾区一模)A. that B. allC. which D. what课后作业 名词性从句强化题1. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that2. A warm t

40、hought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. if B. when C. that D. which3. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if4. Please remind me _ he said he was

41、going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether7. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. N