高一名词性从句学案

1、 名词性从句学案引入：1. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 She has a new bike. 2. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) The flowers are blooming.3. 主语+系动词+表语 Miss Jones is a secretary.4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物) The mother will buy the girl a dress.5. 主语+谓语+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语 The boy，my classmate，often made our teacher angry。名词可以用来充当_ 同样可以把句子中的名词换成一个小句子。1.Whether

2、 life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 2.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun .3.May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday?4.I wanted to k

3、now where all my customers had gone yesterday.5.This is how the earth began to show its special qualities.6.Thats why weve given you the letter.7.We heard the news that our team had won.8.I have no idea how soon they are coming.如果这个小句子充当了句子的主语，那么这个小句子叫_；充当了宾语叫_，充当了表语叫_，充当了同位语叫_。引导名词性从句必须要有一个_。名词性从句都

4、采用_语序。从属连词that在从句中不充当任何成分，一般可以省略从属连词if, whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，不可以省略连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略连接副词where, when, why, how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略一、主语从句1.1).What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.2).Whether wild life can be wel

5、l protected is of great importance.3).Who will go makes no difference.4).Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.5).When they will have a new restaurant opened has not been decided yet.6) How gold was found there is not clear.7). Why there is gravity is hard to understand.由以上例句可以看出，主语从句在

6、复合句中充当主语2.主语从句通常由连接词_，和连接代词_以及连接副词_等词引导。that在句中_，只起_作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分3. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语_代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句_。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：It is/was +adj. + that从句It is/was +a pity(a fact, a shame, an honor, a wonder, no wonder)+that从句It is said(reported, announced, thoug

7、ht, believed, decided, expected等)+thatIt is suggested(advised, ordered, requested, insisted, required等)+that从句It seems (appear, happen, matter等)+that从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wo

8、nder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that- It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. forIt remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. whatIt is known to us _ where there is pollution

9、, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。When and where he was born _ not been found. ( has/have)When he was born and where he was born _ not been found. ( has/have)When and why the person was murdered _ still unknown. (is/are)When the per

10、son was murdered and why he was murdered _ still unknown. (is/are)Exercises:._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever_I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy. A. Where B. What C. That D. HowIts not clear _ was

11、 responsible for the accident. A. Who B. What C. How D. That_ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires二、宾语从句1.1）I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fie

12、lds of science.2) I wonder whether/if Lin Qiaozhi remembered how many babies she had delivered.3) Do you know who/whom John Adams was speaking to?4) He asked whose spacesuit it was.5) Pay attention to what the doctor said, will you?6) He cant tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize.7) I

13、 dont know where Charlie Chaplin got his stick.8) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?9) Do you know why he was absent?宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。2.引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句连接词基本相同，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever, whom, whose以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。在句中可以作_的宾语。(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”

14、：We believe that he is honest. / I asked if they had a cheap suit. / Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect. A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is- Dont you believe me? - _, I will

15、believe _ you say.A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whatever“What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do _ I think I should.” A. when B. that C. how D. what.(2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday. / Pay attention t

16、o what the teacher said.I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyoneMary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. thatIt was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom

17、D. whomever(3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”：Im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.不能误将”It + be + adj + that” 的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.注意：1.(1) whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。I wonder if it doesn

18、t rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换成if。I dont know whether or not the report is true. I dont know whether the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用，构成whether to do结构。 whether也可引

19、导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。They dont know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.Exercises:I asked her _ she had a bike._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Were worried about _ he is safe. I dont know _ he

20、is well or not.I dont know _ or not he is well. The question is _ he should do it.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.2.由连接词that引导的宾语从句1）He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 2）We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are

21、good in nothing. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中_在口语或非正式的文体中常被_，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that_。例如：We all know (that) he is a middle-school student and that he studies hard.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作_，将宾语从句后置，并且that_He has made it clear _he will win the game.I find it necessary _we should learn English well.We find it nec

22、essary _we practice spoken English every day.3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1）I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 2）The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire, request, command, recommend等表示_等意义的动词后,宾语从句用虚拟语气_4. 动词find, feel, think, consider, make等后接复合宾语

23、时，要用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加_，这类动词有_I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.5. 特殊句型：特殊疑问词+do you think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect+陈述语序When do you think she will succeed?Do you know/ask/tell +特殊疑问词

24、+陈述语序？Do you know where the police found the lost boy?6. 否定转移现象. 1）We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。2）I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为_。即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。 必须注意：该种情况下，主语为_。(5) 宾语从句的时态呼应：a. 如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他

25、的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ .b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.b. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的. The teacher told us _.Exercises:Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./ C. how D. whatTell me_ is on yo

26、ur mind.A. that B. what C. which D. whyWe must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. what B. that C. / D. howLet me see _.A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radioKeep in mind _.A. that the teacher said B. what did the teach

27、er say C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said三. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如:The problem is _ we didnt get in touch with him. This is _ Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is _ we (should) fini

28、sh the work at once. It looked _ it was going to rain.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied注意：1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.2. The reason is that

29、的理由是， 的原因是The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 3. It is because 这是因为 It is why 那就是的原因。Exercises:This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. whatT

30、he question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. whenThe reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. whatMy advice is that he _ school by bike.A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to_ she couldnt understand was _ fewe

31、r and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; thatEnergy is _ makes things work.A. what B. everything C. something D. anything四、同位语从句11）I have no idea when Chaplins film will be on again. 2).We were very excited at the news that our team had

32、won. 3) The fact that women can work as well as men is clear. 4) Henry Adams made a promise that he would not open it until 2 oclock.同位语从句在复合句中做同位语，它一般跟在某些_名词 _等后面，用以说明或者解释前面的名词(whose和which 不引导同位语从句)。We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A. that B. which C. what D. whetherWe heard the

33、 news _ our team had won.A. which B. that C. what D. whereThe problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A. which B. that C. whether D. ifThey expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A. which B. that C. whom D. whenThe fact_he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A. that B. which C

34、. when D. what2. 引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where 等。3. The desire was that a treaty (should) be signed.表示意愿，要求，命令，建议等名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词也用should +动词原形，should 可以省略。a. The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A. was put forward B. put forward C. should look forward D. loo

35、ked forwardb. The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A went B. would go C. go D. were allowed to go2. 同位语从句通常靠近它的_，但是如果主句谓语较短或中心词带有较长的修饰语，则同位语从句与名词中心词形成分隔称为隔裂式同位语从句。 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. Word came that Tom would go abroad.T

36、he question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. that B. what C. which D. whetherTheres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A. that B. which C. of which D. whatIt remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when

37、D. whatDanby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon A. who B. that C. as D. which4. that引导同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别：They were all shocked at the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 他们都为德国向俄国宣战而感到震惊。(同位语从句，that只起_，在句中_。) They were all shocked at the news that was announced

38、 on the radio. 他们都为收音机中宣布的消息而震惊。（定语从句，that在从句中_，若省略that，句子成分_。）从意义上来说，_对一个名词加以补充说明，_对一个名词进行修饰或限定。从结构上说，that引导定语从句时，从句是_，that在从句中一定要_，作宾语时可以省略。that引导同位语从句时，在从句中_，从句是_。5.同位语从句的隔开现象The fact has to be faced that the nearest filling station is thirty kilometres away.同位语从句通常靠近它的中心词，但是如果主句谓语较短或中心词带有较长的修饰语，

39、则同位语从句与名词中心词形成分隔。四名词性从句应该注意的问题：1.that 和what 引导名词性从句中的区别1)Our trouble is that we are short of money. 2)That is what he is worried about. 由以上例句看出， what 为代词，在从句中做成分， 意义上相当于the thing(s) that, 引导主语从句时， 谓语动词由句意决定其单复数。 That不做任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义， 引导宾语从句时常被省略， 但引导主语从句（且在句首时）， 表语从句，同位语从句时，that 不能省略。 2. whether

40、与if 的用法比较1) 引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句时只用whether. It depends on whether it will rain 2) whether 可以与or not 连用。 I want to know whether its good news or not.3) 为了避免与表示条件的if 重复或者避免出现歧义时， 用whetherCould you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义. 4）后接

41、不定式时，用whether I can decide whether to stay. 5）在动词discuss 后做宾语，用whether We discussed whether we should close the shop.名词性从句的考点归纳：1. 名词性从句的语序：a. That + 陈述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad.A. That

42、he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His breakb. 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序, 即“疑问词+陈述句语序”。I dont know when he will go to Nanjing. This is what we are looking for.a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )b. Could you tell me where he lives? (

43、 ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( )2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形, should可省略。3. that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、用it做形式宾语的宾语从句、并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略I dont think _ she is coming. It is a pity

44、 _ he has made such a mistake.The reason is _ he is careless . The news _ our team won the match inspired us.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.4. 关于whether 与if 的使用：What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my

45、mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. whyElephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. whatThe question is _the film is worth seeing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how _ his dream of going to

46、college will come true is uncertain.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even ifExercise: 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 _ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。 This is _ I left my glasses.指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句

47、中的哪一种?1. What he wants is a book. 2. It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3. Im so glad that I can make friends with you. 4. This is why he did it.5. Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet? 6. That he wants a book is certain.7. I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition.8. Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much. 9. He doesnt know whether you can sing it