计算机概述及网络基础知识

1、计算机概述及网络基础知识True/FalseIndicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.TRUE/FALSE_1.A computer can be defined by its ability to accept input, process data, store data, and produce output, all according to a set of instructions from a computer program.ANS:T_2.Storage is the area of a compu

2、ter that temporarily holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output.ANS:F_3.A computer stores data so that it will be available for processing.ANS:T_4.Memory is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing.ANS:F_5.Output, includ

3、ing reports, documents, music, graphs, and pictures, is the result produced by a computer.ANS:T_6.The term “minicomputer” has fallen into disuse.ANS:T_7.A tablet computer is similar in size to a notebook computer, but features a touch-sensitive screen that can be used for input instead of a keyboard

4、.ANS:T_8.A handheld computer is sometimes called a PDA.ANS:T_9.The term workstation cannot be applied to ordinary personal computers that are connected to a network. ANS:F_10.A mainframe is a large and expensive computer, capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users.A

5、NS:T_11.The system unit is the case that holds the main circuit boards, microprocessor, power supply, and hard drive.ANS:T_12.A CD drive is a storage device that uses laser technology to read data permanently stored on computer or audio CDs.ANS:T_13.Application software is a set of computer programs

6、 that helps a person carry out a task. ANS:T_14.Two of the most popular personal computer platforms are PCs and Macs.ANS:T_15.Communication between all of the different devices on the Internet is made possible by HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), a standard set of protocols for electronically addr

7、essing and transmitting data.ANS:F（正确答案应将HTTP改为TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol）_16.Downloading is the process of transferring a file from a remote computer, such as a server, to a local computer, such as your computer.ANS:T_17.The cheapest type of connection to the Internet is

8、 referred to as a dial-up connection, which accesses an existing telephone line.ANS:T_18.Dial-up, cable modem, and DSL service are examples of always-on connections.(持续连接)ANS:F_19.A password is a series of characters that verifies the user ID and is similar to a PIN（personal identification number）.A

9、NS:T_20.Every Web page has a unique address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator).ANS:T_21.A Web browser is a software program that runs on your computer and helps you access Web pages.ANS:T_22.The term search engine popularly refers to a Web site that provides a variety of tools to help you find

10、information.(搜索引擎一般是指能提供多种工具以协助用户查找信息的网站。)ANS:T_23.Computers manipulate data in many ways, and we call this manipulation operating. _ANS:F, processing_24.The series of instructions that tell a computer how to carry out processing tasks is referred to as a(n) computer program. ANS:T_25.Memory is an a

11、rea of a computer that permanently holds data when it is not immediately needed for processing. _ANS:F, Storage_26.A computer miniprocessor is two or more computers and other devices that are connected for the purpose of sharing data, programs, and hardware. _ANS:F, network_27.Computers advertised a

12、s workstations are usually powerful desktop computers designed for specialized tasks. _ANS:T_28.A(n) data file contains the programs or instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task. _ANS:F, executable_29.Data files typically have .exe extensions. _ANS:F, Executable_30.As shown in

13、 the figure above, the Windows application system displays on-screen graphical controls designed to be manipulated by a mouse. _ANS:F, operating_31.Communication between all the different devices on the Internet is made possible by HTTP. _ANS:F, TCP/IP_32Uploading is the process of transferring a fi

14、le from a remote computer to a local computer. _ANS:F, Downloading_33.A(n) ISP is a company that maintains Internet computers and telecommunications equipment in order to provide Internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals. _ANS:T_34.Most browsers have a(n) Forward button that you

15、can click if you dont want to wait for a page that is taking a very long time to appear on your screen. _ANS:F, Stop_35.HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) tags, embedded in Web pages, tell your browser how to display the page. _ANS:FHTMLHypertext Markup Language（嵌入在网页中的HTML标记，告知浏览器如何显示信息）_36.A(n) qu

16、ery is any word that describes the information you are trying to find on the Internet. _ANS:F, keyword_37.A spam filter automatically routes advertisements and other junk mail to the Deleted Items folder maintained by your e-mail client. _77.ANS:TREF:40（垃圾邮件过滤器能自动识别广告和其它垃圾邮件，并将其转到由代理商维护的已删除项目（delete

17、d items）文件夹下）Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question._38.A computer is a device that _.a.accepts datab.stores duces outputd.All of the aboveANS:D_39.Data is processed in the _.a.Central Processing Unit (CPU)b.Memory Chip (MC

18、)c.Storage Unit (SU)d.Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)ANS:A_40._ is an area of a computer that temporarily holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output.a.Memoryb.Storagec.Inputd.OutputANS:A_41.The idea of a _ program means that a series of instructions for a computing task can be lo

19、aded into a computers memory.a.keptb.permanentc.wiredd.storedANS:D_42.A _ computer is a type of microcomputer that is designed to meet the needs of an individual.a.mainframeb.personalc.digitald.miniANS:B_43.A _ is small and lightweight, giving it the advantage of portability（可携带，轻便）.a.minicomputerb.

20、microcomputerc.macrocomputerd.notebook computerANS:D_44.A _ computer is similar in size to a notebook computer, but features a touch-sensitive screen that can be used for input.a.PDAb.tabletc.desktopd.microcomputerANS:B_45.A computer _ is two or more computers or other devices that are connected for

21、 the purpose of sharing data and programs.a.panelb.PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)workANS:D_46A _ is simply a computer network that is located within a limited geographical area.a.consoleb.LAN (Local Area Network)c.WAN (Wide Area Network)d.PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)ANS:B_47.A _ i

22、s a large and expensive computer that is capable of simultaneously（同时） processing data for hundreds or thousands of users.a.microcomputerb.minicomputerc.mainframed.serverANS:C_48.Typical uses for supercomputers include _.a.breaking codes（破译密码）b.modeling worldwide weather systems（全球气象系统建模）c.simulatin

23、g nuclear explosions（模拟核弹爆炸）d.All of the aboveANS:D_49.A computer falls into（属于） the _ category if it is, at the time of construction, one of the fastest computers in the world.a.minicomputerb.supercomputerc.microcomputerd.mainframeANS:B_50.A personal computer that requests data from a server is cal

24、led a _.a.clientb.maskc.circuitd.PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)ANS:A_51.The _ unit is the case that holds the main circuit boards, microprocessor, power supply, and storage devices.a.mainb.housec.aboded.systemANS:D_52.Notebook computers use a flat panel _ screen that is attached to the system unit

25、.a.PDA b.HTMLc.LCD（液晶显示屏）d.URLANS:C_53.The term _ device designates equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality.a.digitalb.systemc.diskd.peripheralANS:D（外围设备是指那些可以附加到计算机系统中以增强计算机功能的设备）_54.In terms of data storage, each 1 or 0 is called a(n) _.a.analogb.bitc.byted.

26、logANS:B_55.Most computers store data in a(n) _ format as a series of 1s and 0s.a.analogb.digitalc.logicald.executableANS:B_56.Eight bits are called a(n) _.a.unitb.analogc.byted.extensionANS:C_57.A(n) _ file might contain the text for a document, the numbers for a calculation, the specifications for

27、 a graph, the frames of a video, the contents of a Web page, or the notes of a musical passage.a.executableb.datac.extendedd.sourceANS:B数据文件包含能被处理的数据，例如文件的文本、计算的数字、图形的规格、视频的画面、网页的内容或者乐谱的音符等。_58.A(n) _ file contains the programs that tell a computer how to perform a specific task.a.datab.extendedc.ex

28、ecutabled.sourceANS:C_59.Data becomes _ when it is presented in a format that people can understand and rmationb.symbolicc.figuresd.recordsANS:A_60.The extension _ indicates a graphic file.a.exeb.htmc.bmpd.All of the aboveANS:C_61._ software is a set of computer programs that helps a perso

29、n carry out a task.a.Systemb.Documentc.Applicationd.ServerANS:C_62.A(n) _ system, such as Windows, UNIX, or Mac OS, is essentially the master controller for all of the activities that take place within a computer.a.matrixb.operatingc.controld.panelANS:B_63.Which of the following is an operating syst

30、em for servers?a.Linuxb.Windowsc.UNIXd.all of the aboveANS:D_64.Communication between all of the different devices on the Internet is made possible by _.a.AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph)b.HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)c.FTP (File Transfer Protocol)d.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/In

31、ternet Protocol)ANS:D_65.The process of transferring a file from a remote computer to a local computer is called _.a.downloadingb.uploadingc.updatingd.inputtingANS:A_66.The process of sending a file from a local computer to a remote computer is called _.a.downloadingb.uploadingc.updatingd.inputtingA

32、NS:B_67.Which of the following is the simplest and most inexpensive type of Internet connection?a.dial-up connectionb.cable modem accessc.DSSd.ISDNANS:A_68.Many people access the Internet using a dial-up connection that requires a telephone and a _.a.cableb.modemc.PC workANS:B_69.A network

33、_ is a device that is designed to connect a personal computer to a local area network.a.indexb.cardc.cabled.toolANS:B_70.Regardless of the access method, individuals cannot typically connect directly to the Internet backbone and, therefore, need to use a(n) _ as an intermediary.a.ISP (Internet Servi

34、ce Provider)b.DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)c.DSS (Digital Satellite Service)d.None of the aboveANS:A_71.A(n) _ is a company that maintains Internet computers and telecommunications equipment in order to provide Internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals.a.DSSb.DSLc.ISDNd.ISPANS:D_

35、72.High-speed Internet access includes the following:a.ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)b.DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)c.DSS (Digital Satellite Service)d.All of the aboveANS:D_73.Access to the Internet is not restricted, but access to some areas requires a(n) _ and password.a.membershipb.PI

36、Nc.user IDd.log onANS:C_74.Most Web pages contain _ to related documents and media files.a.iconsb.keysc.linksd.passagesANS:C_75._ is the communications standard that is instrumental in transferring Web documents to all corners of the Internet.a.HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)b.FTP (File Transfer Pr

37、otocol)c.Telnetd.HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)ANS:D_76.A series of Web _ can be grouped into a Web site: a sort of virtual “place” in cyberspace(电脑空间).a.pagesb.linksc.booksd.manualsANS:A_77.A group of Web pages is usually referred to as a Web _.a.book.b.pamphlet.c.place.d.site.ANS:D_78.Every We

38、b page has a unique address called a(n) _.a.HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)tocolc.URL (Uniform Resource Locator)d.FTP (file Transfer Protocol)ANS:C_79.In the figure above, http is the _.tocol standardb.Web server namec.folder named.filename extensionANS:A_80.In the figure above, n

39、.com is the _.tocol standardb.Web server name/ domain namec.folder named.filename extensionANS:B_81.A(n) _ is a software program that runs on your computer and helps you access Web pages.a.explorerb.browserc.navigatord.managerANS:B_82.A(n) _ page is the Web page that appears every time you star

40、t your browser.a.homeb.originc.keyd.indexANS:A_83.A _ helps you find information by searching the Web for any pages that meet your specifications.a.navigatorb.browserc.search engined.HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) tagANS:C_84.Some search engines use _ instead of the word NOT.a.=b.-c.*d.ANS:B_85.Mo

41、st e-mail messages are created in a plain and simple format called _ text.a.ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)b.EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)c.Limitedd.UnicodeANS:A_86.Any file that travels with an e-mail message is called an e-mail _.a.attachmentb.k

42、eyc.ASCIId.text fileANS:A_87.Web-based mail allows you to use a(n) _ as e-mail client software.a.operating systemb.serverc.browserd.HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)ANS:CIntroduction to Computers(ALL)True/FalseIndicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.1.The price of a microcomputer

43、typically starts at several hundred thousand dollars and can easily exceed $1 million._2.The system unit is the case that holds the main circuit boards, microprocessor, power supply, and hard drive._3.A national ISP is probably better than a local ISP for people who travel frequently._4.Every Web pa

44、ge has a unique address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)._5.Web-based e-mail gives you the option of downloading your mail or leaving it on the server._6.You can usually identify the microprocessor when looking inside a computer, as it is the only chip on the motherboard._7.Cache size is not

45、of particular significance to consumers because it is not configurable._8.A trackball looks like the tip of an eraser embedded in the keyboard of a notebook computer._9.User-executable program files have .exe filename extensions._10.Instructions written in machine language must be translated into a

46、high-level language before a computer can use them._11.The Windows operating system gets its name from the rectangular work areas that appear on the screen-based desktop._12.If a file has the right extension for a particular application program, you will see it in the list of files that you can open

47、 with that software._13.An operating system maintains a list of files called a table for each storage disk, tape, CD, or DVD._14.Today, just about every computer uses one or more microprocessors as its CPU._ 15.A tablet computer is similar in size to a notebook computer, but features a touch-sensiti

48、ve screen that can be used for input instead of a keyboard._16.A handheld computer, with add-ons, is powerful enough to handle all of the tasks performed by a desktop computer._17.Inexpensive add-ons to handheld computers make it possible to send and receive e-mail._ 18.Application software is a set

49、 of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task._ 19.Communication between all of the different devices on the Internet is made possible by HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), a standard set of protocols for electronically addressing and transmitting data._20.A password is a series of characters that verifies the user ID and is similar to a PIN._ 21.The computers and software that store and distribute Web pages are called Web clients._22.Any file that travels with an e-mail message is called an e-mail M