2015年北京市西城区重点中学初三英语中考复习-科技类说明文阅读 座 课件（68张）.ppt

1、2015年北京市西城区重点中学初三英语中考复习 -科技类说明文阅读,reading strategies for expository essays,reading strategies for expository essays,What are,?,Definition,natural science,social science,Definition,technology CO2-absense,西总:P79 (35) (anger),Many strong and out-of-control emotions are recognized as an illness. But wha

2、t about anger problem?In the past, many doctor didnt accept the idea that anger could be a problem. Todayexperts think that anger is a serious problem that needs its own treatment. How to tell the differences between “normal” anger and “anger problem”. Disordered angertends to be of greater intensit

3、y. In cases of disordered anger, the person gets angry more frequently andlasts longer. Consequences are also important. Anger clearly increases the risk of certain health problems Experts suggest that peopletake anger-management programs.,1-2. 误解 Anger-not illness 3. 发现 Anger-serious problem with t

4、reatment 4-7. 发现 Differences: intensity; frequency; length of time; consequence; health 8. 建议 Take anger management program,西总:P89 (44) (family story),Researchers have discovered how to make families work more successfullyis to develop a family story. I first heard this idea fromDukea professor“Stud

5、ents who know a lot about their families will do better when they face challenges.” Interested, Duke set out to test her conclusion. Duke asked those questions to members of four dozen families in 2001.The more children knew aboutthe stronger their sense of control,the higher their self-respect The

6、researchers mentioned children after 911. Why does knowing where her grandfather went to school help a child overcome something terrible and difficult? Duke said Duke suggested that parents do the same activities Years of research have showed that most happy families also communicate successfully. T

7、he bottom line is: if you want a happier family, create, refine and retell the story of your familys best moment,1. 发现family work better-family story 2. 研究起源 know a lot-do better when challenged 3-5. 实验 + 发现 + 例子 answer 20 questions + strong sense of + children after 911 6. 解释 why knowing family hel

8、p overcome 7-9. 建议Do the same activities; Right way of communication Bottom line,1. 简述发明 2. 工作原理 3. 发明目的 4-5. 工作原理 6. 优势特色,1. 现象-发现 2. 解释基本概念 3. 误解-发现 4. 实验过程 5. 发现 6. 发现 7. 意义+实验+发现,1-2. 误解 3. 发现 4-7. 发现 8. 建议,1. 发现 2. 研究起源 3-5. 实验 + 发现 + 例子 6. 解释 7-9. 建议,规律-不规律,Obstacle 2,结构难,Complicated structure

9、,Obstacle 3,语言难,专业术语 长难句式, strategies?,Obstacle 1 背景难,开阔视野 增长见闻 丰富储备,Obstacle 2 结构难,关注首尾 关键词句 提炼段意 理清脉络,Have you ever felt sleepy and unable to think clearly in a crowded classroom? Theproblemis caused by what we breathe outourselves-carbon dioxide, or CO2. There are rules about how much fresh air w

10、e need in buildings to keep ushealthy. When there isnt enough new air coming in to push the old air out, pollutants(污染物) build up. One of these pollutants is CO2, which increases everytime we breathe out. The truth is that CO2 has always been considered harmless. After all, how poisonous(有毒的)could i

11、t be since it comes out of our own body? But thisview changed when an American scientist named William Fisk happened to watch an experiment by Hungarian scientists six years ago. Their findings showed that people have difficulty doing paperwork when CO2 levels are high.,西总:P73 (28) (CO2),Fisk and hi

12、s team repeated the experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in California, US. They asked students to participate over three different periods. During each period, there were different carbon dioxide levels. Students had to take part in role-playing games on a computer: They were told they were

13、 managers and the organization they were running was having someproblems. Each student was then graded on howwellthey dealt with these problems. Like the experimentfromsix years before, the results showed that students were more likely to make careful, smart decisions with less CO2 in the air. Their

14、 ability was reduced when the CO2 in the room rose, Science News reported. An interesting thing that Fisk noticed was that even though the students knew that the amount of CO2 was changing throughout the day, none of them felt the difference between each period. Thismeans that CO2 can do harm withou

15、t us even realizing it. Thisproblemis especially serious for schools because there are lots of people in classrooms for long hours everyday. So it is important that rooms are ventilated(通风). US scientists recently surveyed 100 California classrooms. “We found a clear relationship between higher CO2

16、level and increased absences(缺课) among the kids for illness,” said Mark Mendell, a member of the research team.,1. 现象-发现SleepyCO2 2. 解释基本概念What is CO2 3. 误解-发现Harmless-X! paperwork-CO2 level 4. 实验过程 Different CO2 level-deal with problem 5. 发现Work efficiency- CO2 6. 发现Do harm without realizing 7. 意义+

17、实验+发现 Schools are ventilated; CO2-absense,2. What was the conclusion of Fisk and his teams experiment? Students had the same reaction with different levels of CO2. Low levels of CO2 could make students do things carelessly. Students felt uncomfortable when the level of CO2 increased. High levels of

18、CO2 reduced the students ability to make decisions.,1. 现象-发现SleepyCO2 2. 解释基本概念What is CO2 3. 误解-发现Harmless-X! paperwork-CO2 level 4. 实验过程 Different CO2 level-deal with problem 5. 发现Work efficiency- CO2 6. 发现Do harm without realizing 7. 意义+实验+发现 Schools are ventilated; CO2-absense,2. What was the co

19、nclusion of Fisk and his teams experiment? Students had the same reaction with different levels of CO2. Low levels of CO2 could make students do things carelessly. Students felt uncomfortable when the level of CO2 increased. High levels of CO2 reduced the students ability to make decisions.,缩短文章 快速定

20、位,Obstacle 2 结构难,关注首尾 关键词句 提炼段意 理清脉络,Many strong and out-of-control emotions are recognized as an illness. People who are always very sad have depression (抑郁症); those who worry a lot have anxiety. But what about anger problems? Anger is largely viewed as a secondary emotion one caused by other emoti

21、ons. People are thought to be angry because they are sad, anxious or stressed. In the past, many doctors didnt accept the idea that anger could be a problem all on its own. Today, though, a growing number of mental health experts think that anger is a serious problem that needs its own treatment. Ho

22、w to tell the difference between “normal” anger and “anger problem” is difficult. After all, everyone gets really mad from time to time. Experts point out a few ways.,西总:P79 (35) (anger),Disordered anger, as it is sometimes called, tends to be of greater intensity (强度). It takes very little to set o

23、ff a person with an anger problem, and their responses (反应) are very strong. An example: While most people would get upset if a driver cut them off, someone with disordered anger might try to chase down the car and force it off the road. And in cases of disordered anger, the person gets angry more f

24、requently and his/her anger lasts longer. For most people, angry feelings disappear quickly. But people with anger problems often stay angry for days, weeks or even years; their feelings of anger dont disappear over time.Consequencesare also important to consider: Disordered anger often damages peop

25、les lives. “It interferes (干扰) with peoples relationships and their jobs,” says Raymond Chip Tafrate, a US psychologist. “Even their health is affected.”Anger clearly increases the risk of certain health problems, as many studies have shown. “When a person is angry, their heart beats faster and thei

26、r blood pressure goes up,” says Howard Kassinove, a professor at Hofstra University in New York. Over time, these changes take their toll on the body, he adds.Experts suggest that people with an anger problem take anger-management programs. The programs teach people to control their responses to str

27、essful situations through the use of relaxation techniques. The programs sometimes include life-skills training as well: increasing someones level of competence (竞争) whether on the job or as a parent or partner helps bring down stress and cut angry feelings.,1-2. 误解 Anger-not illness 3. 发现 Anger-ser

28、ious problem with treatment 4-7. 发现 Differences: intensity; frequency; length of time; consequence; health 8. 建议 Take anger management program,4. What is the best title of the passage? Can anger be an illness? Is it disordered anger? Can anger influence our life? Is anger management important?,1-2.

29、误解 Anger-not illness 3. 发现 Anger-serious problem with treatment 4-7. 发现 Differences: intensity; frequency; length of time; consequence; health 8. 建议 Take anger management program,Can anger be an illness? Is it disordered anger? Can anger influence our life? Is anger management important?,4. What is

30、the best title of the passage? Can anger be an illness? Is it disordered anger? Can anger influence our life? Is anger management important?,关注篇幅长短防止以片概全 理顺逻辑关系排除本末倒置 抓准核心事实忽视事实错误,缩短文章 快速定位,Obstacle 2 结构难,关注首尾 关键词句 提炼段意 理清脉络,找准说明对象 明确作者重点,知识积累 猜测词义,“Fishes live in water and have fins which help them

31、 to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, so it is difficult to get firm hold of them.”,Obstacle 3 语言难,Obstacle 3 语言难,联系上下文 寻找补充解释 标点符号(/:) 构词法(前后缀) 引导词(that/which) 插入语(that is/for example) 句子,“To see how precisely cell phone chatter might distract people, Galvan and her team had a

32、bout 150 volunteers complete a task where they had to unscramble letters to form words for instance, rearrange suohe to form house.”,overhear one-sided phone call,They (astronauts) cant even burp, because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach. If they do burp, they just end up t

33、hrowing up (呕吐) everything in their stomach.,西总:P94 (48) (astronauts tear),拆分法： 分解句子 提炼主干 填充细节,Obstacle 3 语言难,The researchers studied cultural differences in the understanding of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive face

34、s and put them into different categories.,西总:P77 (32) (differentiate facial expressions),/,/,/,The researchers studied cultural differences in the understanding of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them

35、into different categories.,调查人员记录了13名东亚人在观察不同表情照片、并将其分类过程中的眼部运动，以此来研究理解面部表情这件事上所体现的文化差异。,拆分法： 分解句子 提炼主干 填充细节,Obstacle 3 语言难,Obstacle 3 语言难,拆分法： 分解句子 提炼主干 填充细节,联系上下文 寻找补充解释 标点符号(/:) 构词法(前后缀) 引导词(that/which) 插入语(that is/for example) 句子,知识积累 猜测词义, Classification?,1. 简述发明 2. 工作原理 3. 发明目的 4-5. 工作原理 6. 优势特色,1. 现象-发现 2. 解释基