新初三衔接班英语第十一讲基本句型+状语从句

1、前言一、 课程设置目的：二、 目录：第一讲：阅读（一） 词法：名词第二讲：阅读（二） 词法：代词第三讲：阅读（三） 词法：形容词和副词第四讲：阅读（四） 词法：数词第五讲：阅读（五） 词法：动词第六讲：时态：初中阶段的八大时态分析（一）第七讲：时态：初中阶段的八大时态分析（二）第八讲：阅读（六） 语态：被动语态第九讲：句子种类：陈述句；疑问句；感叹句；祈使句；反意疑问句第十讲： 句子成分；宾语从句第十一讲：基本句型；状语从句第十二讲：句法：定语从句三、 目录：第一讲：第二讲：第三讲：第四讲：第五讲：第六讲：第七讲：第八讲：第九讲：第十讲：第十一讲：基本句型；状语从句第十二讲：第十一讲：基本句型

2、；状语从句课程目标1、五种基本句型的综合运用2、状语从句课程重点状语从句的综合运用课程难点状语从句的类型及时态教学方法建议讲授、提问、论证、练习选材程度及数量课堂精讲例题搭配课堂训练题课后作业A类（ 1）道（ 3 ）道（ 4 ）道B类（ 3）道（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道C类（ 1）道（ 1 ）道（ 4）道一、 基本句型五种基本句型：(句子成分的表示方法：S: Subject主语；V: Verb动词；O: Object宾语；P: Predica tive表语；OC: Object Complement宾语补足语；InO: Indirect Object间接宾语；DO：Dir ect Object

3、直接宾语)第一种：S+V(主语+谓语动词)The boy sleeps. 孩子睡了。第二种：S+V+O(主语+谓语动词+宾语)He plays the violin. 他演奏小提琴。 第三种：S+V+P(主语+连系动词+表语)She is a doctor. 她是医生。 第四种：S+V+InO+DO(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)I gave her a present.我给了她一件礼物。第五种：S+V+O+OC(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语)We call him Jack 我们都叫他杰克。详解：1 第一种句型：主语+不及物动词(S+V)该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后当然不能接宾

4、语，但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整 个句子。He (主) runs (谓) fast in the street.(状)他在街上跑得飞快。The meeting (主) begins (谓) at nine.(状)会议九点开始。2 第二种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)该句型所用动词都是及物动词，可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。 We (主) attended (谓) the meeting.(宾)我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语)She (主) stopped (谓) him.(宾)她叫住了他。(代词作宾语)She (主) wants (谓) to ask a q

5、uestion.(宾)她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语)They (主) enjoy (谓) listening to the classic music.(宾)他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语)注意：一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后就可以接宾语了。这一类词组有：listen to 听；look at 看；look after 照看；turn on 打开；turn off 关上；look for 寻找；live on 以为生；put on 穿上；hand in 上交；pick up 捡起；belong to属于；arrive at/in 到达等。May I turn o

6、n the light?我可以开灯吗?What are you looking for?你在找什么?3 第三种句型：主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)连系动词的后面必须接表语，说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。She (主) became (谓,连系动词) a lawyer last year.(表)去年，她成为了一名律师。He (主) is (谓,连系动词) honest.(表)他是诚实的。It (主) is getting (谓,连系动词) colder and colder.(表)天气渐渐冷了。It (主) tastes (谓,连系动词) delicious.(表)这好

7、吃极了。It (主) sounds (谓,连系动词) reasonable.(表)听起来有道理。注意：下列动词在表示状态的存在和变化时，也可以作连系动词使用 ：look 看起来；smell 闻起来；sound 听起来；taste 尝起来；feel 感觉；keep 保持； grow/go/get/turn变得。4 第四种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO)(1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，但某些动词，除直接宾 语外，还要求一个间接宾语，以表示该动词所表示的动作所及的人或物，通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。She (主) gave (谓) me

8、(宾,间接) a ticket for that film.(宾,直接)她给了我一张那部电影的票。Please pass (谓) me (宾,间接) the salt.(宾,直接)请把盐递给我(2)通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语位于直接 宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for。I will bring the book(宾,直接) to you next time. (宾,间接)（=I will bring you the book next time.）我下次把那本书给你带来。He promised a motorbike (宾,直接) to her

9、. (宾,间接)(=He promised her a motorbike.)他答应给她买一辆摩托车。Mother bought a new bag (宾,直宾) for him.(宾,间宾)(=Mother bought him a new bag.)妈妈给他买了一个新书包。She sang several songs (宾,直宾) for them. (宾,间宾)(=She sang them several songs.)她为他们唱了几首歌。Please pass (谓)the salt (宾,直接)to me. (宾,间接）请把盐递给我。（间接宾语放在句尾为了强调是给我而不是给别人。）

10、要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词，直接宾语提前，动词后加to或for，现归纳如下。后面加to的动词：give 给 tell 告诉 bring 带来 send 寄，送 hand 交给 read 读pass 递给return 把还给lend 借给throw 扔给leave 留给promise 许诺，答应refuse 拒绝后面加for的动词：get 得到make 制造，做buy 买do 做play 演奏order 命令sing 唱歌pay 为而付钱注意：带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常 用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(间接)+疑问词+不定式主语+及物动词+间接宾语+疑问词+不定式

11、She told me how to understand the article.她告诉我怎样理解这篇文章。They wanted to know where to solve the problem.他们想要知道哪里能够解决这个问题。The boy asked her why to do so.那孩子问她为什么这么做。I asked him which one to choose.我问他选择哪一个。5 第五种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语(S+V(及物动词)+O+OC)(1)有些及物动词，只接一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补语加以说 明 ，使意思完整。这样的宾语和宾

12、语补足语又称为复合宾语，可以由名词、形容词和不定式来担任。They named (谓,及）the girl (宾) Susan.(宾补)他们给这个女孩起名叫苏姗。(名词作宾补)He found (谓,及)her (宾) frustrated.(宾补)他觉得她有些沮丧。(形容词作宾补)I saw (谓,及)them 宾 perform (宾补)on the stage.我看见他们在台上表演。(不定式作宾补)(2)一些使役性动词如make, let, have和一些表示感官的动词如see, watch, look at, hea r, listen to, feel等，用不定式作宾语补语时，要省去

13、“to”。但用于被动语态时，还要 加上“to”。We all made him play the violin.被动：He was made to play the violin by us all.我们都要求他演奏小提琴。I saw him enter the room.被动：He was seen to enter the room.我看见他进屋了。He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.被动：A woman was heard to cry over there under a tree.他听见一个女人在那边一棵树下哭。二、状语从句从句的

14、讲解【考点直击】1. 时间状语从句2. 条件状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 结果状语从句5. 比较状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 让步状语从句8. 地点状语从句【实例解析】1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题) You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。2. (2004年江西省中考试

15、题) -Shall we go on working? -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 答案：D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。3. (2004年徐州市中考试题) None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事

16、。”要表达着一意思应用“notuntil” 这一句型。4. (2004年泉州市中考试题) -I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear! -Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy b

17、ag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will f

18、all; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children _ cr

19、oss the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D

20、. was9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since

21、 B. so that C. as if D. unless12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order14. He took off his coat _ he felt hot. A. becaus

22、e B. as C. if D. since15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. A

23、lthough B. Because C. As D. As if18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D.

24、 got二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1. 不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。 Mrs Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？ W

25、ill you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept practicing for two years.6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。 _ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.7. 他长大后相当一名记者。 He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.8. 无论刮风下雨，

26、我们的老师总是第一个到校。_ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school.9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。 _ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。 Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句

27、，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had lear

28、ned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有ti

29、ll或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it s

30、nows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study

31、hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句

32、多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so poor

33、that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big

34、 that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

35、He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster t