大学英语(三)

1、Unit11. The first type of judgment, the type where judging you is the end goal, includes court cases, grades in classes, and most competitions.第一种判断，即把正确地判断一个人作为最终目的的判断，包括法院判决、考试成绩及大部分比赛。2. Its not aimed at producing a correct estimate of any given individual, but at selecting a reasonably optimal s

2、et.在此目的不是为了对某个特定的个体作出正确的评估，而是选择合理的最佳组合。3. Our early training and our self-centeredness combine to make us believe that every judgment of us is about us.我们早年所受的训练，加上我们总是以自我为中心，使我们认为对我们所作的每个判断都是关于我们本身的判断。4. And curiously enough, taking rejection less personally may help you to get rejected less often.

3、令人惊奇的是，把被拒绝看得不那么针对个人，能帮助你更少地遭到拒绝。5. If college applicants realized how quick and impersonal most selection processes are, theyd make more effort to sell themselves, and take the outcome less personally.如果大学申请人意识到大部分选择过程是多么迅速、多么不考虑个体需求，他们就会更努力地推销自己，并能更加坦然地对待录取结果。1. 我们没有必要太在乎别人对我们的评价，因为他们的评价不一定是客观公正的。

4、(in that; objective)We do not need to care too much about what people say about us in that what they say is not necessarily objective.2. 为了自身发展，他换了不少工作，并最终找到了适合自己的职位。但他的经历并不适用于每个人。(for the sake of; apply to)He changed quite some jobs for the sake of his self-development before he finally found a pos

5、ition suitable for him. But his experience does not apply to everyone.3. 在为自己设定目标之前，首先要弄清楚自己真正需要的是什么。对自己的需要越了解，越容易设定切实可行的人生目标。(figure out; the more . the more .)We should first figure out what we really need before we set goals for ourselves. The more we know about what we need, the easier it is to

6、set practical goals.4. 大部分雇主关心的不是你自我能力的提升，而是你能为公司作多大贡献。(what .; not . but .)What most employers care about is not your self-improvement, but what you contribute to the company.5. 无论结果如何，都不要轻言放弃。不能因为一次求职失败就低估自己的能力。(whatever; outcome; underestimate)Whatever the outcome will be, do not give up easily.

7、We should not underestimate our ability / ourselves just because of one failure in seeking employment.Uint21.They couldnt afford expensive presents, and they didnt want us to think we werent as good as other kids who, on Christmas morning, found all sorts of fancy toys under the tree that were suppo

8、sedly left by Santa Claus.他们买不起昂贵的礼物，也不想让我们觉得我们比不上别的孩子在圣诞节早上，他们从圣诞树下找到各种各样的新奇玩具，据说是圣诞老人留下的。2. I had a blanket wrapped around me, and when it was my turn, I offered to share it with Dad, but he said no thanks. The cold never bothered him.我当时裹着一床毯子，在轮到我的时候，我要把毯子分给爸爸一些，但爸爸说不用，他从不怕冷。3. Those shining sta

9、rs, he liked to point out, were one of the special treats for people like us who lived out in the wilderness.他喜欢强调一点：那些闪亮的星星是对像我们这样住在荒野里的人的特别款待。4. The longer you looked and the more your eyes adjusted to the dark, the more stars youd see, layer after layer of them gradually becoming visible.看的时间越久你的

10、眼睛就越适应黑暗，你就可以看到更多的星星。渐渐地它们一层层地呈现在你的眼前。5. Venus didnt have any moons or satellites or even a magnetic field, but it did have an atmosphere sort of similar to earths, except it was super-hotabout five hundred degrees or more.金星没有像月亮那样的卫星或其他卫星，甚至没有磁场，但它有着与地球相似的空气，只是它的空气超热，大约有五百度甚至更高。1. 小时候，我住的村庄四周是一片田野

11、，但现在已不见当年的影子，原来的村庄已变成一座现代城镇。(nothing but; what-clause)When I was a child, the village I lived in was surrounded by nothing but open fields. But now nothing remains of the village. A modern city is built on what used to be there.2. 我的童年是在乡下度过的，那时的天很蓝，晚上仰望夜空，能看到无数的星星。(look up to)My childhood was spent

12、 in the countryside. At that time the skies were clear. Looking up to the sky at night, I could see countless stars.3. 他上小学时，家境贫寒，总担心同学们会看不起他。事实上，他的担心是多余的，同学们对他都很友好。(look down on sb)His family was poor when he was an elementary school student, and he often worried that his classmates would look down

13、 on him. In fact his worry was unnecessary, for all his classmates were friendly to him.4. 每个人在成长的过程中都要经历很多事，大部分被遗忘了，但有些永远印在我们的脑海里。(while)Everyone is bound to experience a lot of things when growing up, most of which will be forgotten while some will remain in our mind forever.5. 童年是一个五彩斑斓的盒子，里面装着许多

14、美丽的梦想和有趣的回忆。(in which)Childhood is a colourful box, in which are beautiful dreams and interesting memories.Uint31. The two most important but apparently independent features about van Gogh which most people know about are his spectacular, almost explosive, use of colour and the poor state of his men

15、tal health.大部分人所知道的凡高的两个最重要但显然互不相关的特点是：他对色彩神奇、几乎具有爆发力的运用以及他糟糕的精神状态。2. Van Gogh soon grew discouraged with his life in Paris, and moved to Arles in the south of France, where, drawn by the sunshine, he hoped to establish an artists community.凡高很快就对他在巴黎的生活感到气馁，所以他搬到了法国南部的亚尔，那儿的阳光吸引了他，他希望在那儿成立一个画家之家。3.

16、 But these very productive periods were matched by moments when despair prevailed, during which he doubted his ability to create a work of value.但他的创作高峰期也是他最绝望的时期，在这段时期他怀疑自己没有能力创作出有价值的作品。4. Van Gogh suffered from epilepsy, an illness which leads to fits, and which may have been caused by a defect in

17、 the brain at birth.凡高患有癫痫病，这种病会导致昏厥，可能是因为出生时脑部有缺陷。5. As art lovers, we acknowledge that van Gogh produced some of the greatest paintings the world has ever known, and gave inspiration to so many later artists.作为艺术爱好者，我们承认凡高创作了一些世人所知的最伟大的画作，并为他以后的许多艺术家提供了灵感。1. 虽然我相信这架钢琴值得购买，但我还要考虑一下价格，它超出了我的预期。(wort

18、h doing; yet; beyond expectation)I believe the piano is worth buying, yet I need to consider a while about the price which is beyond my expectation.2. 为了抢救濒临消失的民间艺术，人们举行了宣传活动，呼吁大家制止任何可能危害这些艺术的行为。(publicity campaign; call on; discourage)To save the disappearing folk art, a publicity campaign was laun

19、ched to call on people to discourage any behaviour that is harmful to the art.3. 尽管我们作了不懈努力，还是有一些伟大的艺术作品流失海外。(despite)Despite all the efforts we made, some great works of art got lost overseas.4. 她有唱歌的天赋，如果有机会的话，她可能已成为一名著名歌唱家了。(genius; may have done)She is a genius in singing. If she had been given

20、the opportunity, she may have been a famous singer.5. 京剧形成于北京，盛行于20世纪三四十年代，它是具有全国影响的大剧种之一，具有鲜明的艺术特色。(Peking Opera; prevail; distinct)Peking Opera, formed in Beijing and prevailing in the 1930s and 1940s, is one of the most influential types of operas in China with distinct artistic characteristics.U

21、nit41.It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when informed that they will someday have to go to work and make a living.要是有人跟现在的孩子说他们长大后要“去工作以谋生”，他们往往会表现出一脸的茫然和沮丧，这并不奇怪。2.Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man do

22、es with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a space salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.即使是那些从事市场研究工作的成年人也很难想象公关部的人每天都在做些什么，一名普通的系统分析师肯定不知道空间推销员在店里都干些什么，就好像空间推销员对分析系统的工具也一窍不通一样。3.The

23、 machines that make things make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart in such a way that repairs will be prohibitively expensive.机器生产出来的东西很容易散架，而这样的东西要拿去修理的话费用非常高，不值得。4. Constructed as a piece of junk, the building will be discarded when it wears out, and another piece of junk wil

24、l be set in its place.这栋楼本来就是被当成一件垃圾建造起来的，所以当大楼变得破旧了，就会被当做垃圾扔掉，在原地盖一栋新的垃圾楼。5. Back at the office, the father orders the paper retyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and then sent to another man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year.回到办公室，父亲让人把文件重新输入并一式五份重新打印好给另一个人，那

25、个人要把这份文件去年的一式三份那件作比较。1. 当被问到哪种现代科技对人们的生活影响最大时，很多人会说是互联网。(when + past participle)When asked which modern science and technology has influenced peoples life most, most people will choose the Internet.2. 办公环境直接影响工作效率，因此为员工创造舒适的工作环境十分重要。(vital)The office environment has a direct impact on work efficienc

26、y. Therefore it is vital to create a comfortable working environment for employees.3. 现在的年轻人发明了很多网络用语，有时我都听不懂他们在说什么。(have trouble doing something)The young people today have invented quite a few Net language. Sometimes I have difficulty / trouble understanding what they are saying.4. 现代科技日新月异，很难估计明天

27、会有什么样的新技术出现。(be about to)Modern science and technology is developing with each passing day, and it is hard to predict what new science and technology is about to appear tomorrow.5. 电子产品更新换代太快了，现在流行的款式过一两年就会被淘汰了。(update; discard)Electronic products are being upgraded too fast. The models popular toda

28、y are discarded in one or two years.Unit51. Americans in the 21st century devote more technology to staying connected than any society in history, yet somehow the devices fail us.:在使人与人保持联系方面，21世纪的美国人投入了比历史上任何一个社会都要多的技术手段。然而这些手段却辜负了我们。2. We treat socializing as if its a frivolous diversion from the

29、tasks at hand rather than an activity that is essential to our well-being as individuals and as a community.我们把交际当做了手头诸多任务中一个不起眼的小插曲，而不是一项对于我们个人或集体的利益都很重要的活动。3. We may have isolated ourselves without entirely meaning to, but we also have ended up in a place that looks a lot like where we always knew

30、 that we were supposed to stand.也许我们孤立自己并非完全出于本意，但是我们最后所处的处境，和我们一直的预期非常相近。4. The truth is that if one can bring oneself to acknowledge loneliness, half the battle is won. It is not an easy half of a battle, however.事实是，如果有人能承认自己孤独，那么这场战役他就赢了一半。但这一半却不是那么容易赢得的。5. Small daily choiceswhether to go to a

31、local store or order off the Internet, whether to pick up a ringing telephone or let it go to voicemail, whether to get together with a friend or pop in a DVDend up defining ones social world.日常生活中的小选择是去当地的实体店还是在网上订购，是接起正在响的电话还是让对方语音留言，是与朋友聚聚还是自己看光碟最终定义了一个人的社交世界。1. 大城市是他最不愿意居住的地方，因为他无法忍受那里的拥挤和喧闹。(th

32、e last place . that .; bustling)The big city is the last place that he wishes to live in, for it is so bustling and crowded there that he finds it hard to bear.2. 现代生活的快节奏意味着人们没有更多的时间用于人际交往，因此人与人之间显得很淡漠。(not + present participle; hence)The fast pace of modern life means people not having enough time

33、 for personal communication; hence the indifference between people.3. 过去邻居们经常互相串门，但现在大家都习惯把自己关在各自的家里，没什么事几乎不来往。(used to; stay connected)Neighbours used to visit each other regularly. But now they are used to staying at home and rarely stay connected unless it is essential.4. 轻松和谐的环境会对人的身心健康产生积极的影响。(

34、harmonious; have . effect on)A light and harmonious environment has a positive effect on peoples physical and mental health.5. 我们应该把精力放在工作上，而不是复杂的人际关系上。(rather than)We should focus our attention on work rather than complicated personal relationships.Unit61. The night of the accident, after wed safel

35、y accounted for all 155 people on the airplane, left the hospital, finally reached the hotelthe pilots union and the NYPD whisking us awayI remember thinking that my needs were very simple.事发当晚，我们在确保机上所有155名乘客的下落后，离开了医院，终于到了宾馆，是飞行员联合会及纽约市警察局的人送我们来的。我记得自己当时想要的非常简单。2. As time went by, though, I was be

36、tter able to put everything in perspective and realize how this event had touched peoples lives, how ready they were for good news, how much they wanted to feel hopeful again.但是，随着时间的推移，我能更好地正确看待每件事并意识到这件事对人们生活的影响，他们是多么希望得到好消息，他们是多么想再一次看到希望。3. We valued every life on that airplane and knew it was ou

37、r responsibility to try to save each one, in spite of the sudden and complete failure of our aircraft.我们珍惜飞机上的每个生命并且知道我们的责任是努力挽救每个生命，尽管我们的飞机突然发生了全盘故障。4. The second-guessing was much more frequent, and intense, in the first few days at night, when I couldnt sleep.在最初的几个晚上，我无法入睡，常常会后怕。5. My family and

38、 I are trying hard to remain true to ourselves and no not let this change us, but theres a steep learning curve.我的家人及我自己都努力做真实的自己而不让此事改变我们，但这也是一个艰难的学习过程。1. 在过去的几十年里，这位老人一直守护着这片森林，不管有多大困难，从来没有想过放弃。(no matter what; give up)Over the past decades the old man has been protecting the forest and has never

39、thought of giving up no matter what difficulties he meets.2. 真正的英雄决不会接受命运的安排，而是把命运掌握在自己的手里。 (come to terms with)A true / real hero will never come to terms with fate. Instead, they keep their fate in their own hands.3. 在接受采访时，他说他从来没有认为自己是英雄，只是做了自己该做的而已，不值得这么受到关注。(think of . as; be entitled to)At the

40、 interview / When interviewed, he said he never thought of himself as a hero; he only did what he ought to do and was not entitled to such attention.4. 地震已过去近两年了，但我们还清楚地记得当时救灾的情景。(it has been . since .)It has been two years since the earthquake struck, but we still remember the disaster relief scene

41、 clearly / but the disaster relief scene is still vivid in my mind.5. 给我们印象最深的是他处理险情的方法和表现出的沉着冷静。(what-clause)What impressed us most is the way he dealt with / handled the danger and the calmness he manifested.Unit71. Even the most rational person can be convinced at times that there is a force out

42、there making mishaps occur at the worst possible time.即使是最理智的人有时候也会对此深信不疑，认为冥冥之中有一种力量让他们在最糟糕的时期里灾祸连连。2. So badness is much better represented as being on a spectrum rather than something which is there or not there.:所以我们更应该把事情的好坏看成是一个程度的问题，而不是非好即坏。3. So while the probability of being made redundant

43、on any particular day and the probability of being sick may both be small, the chance of both occurring is almost certainly higher than the product of the two probabilities.因此，虽然人们在某一天被裁员和在某一天生病的概率都很小，但是这两件事同时发生的概率肯定要高于它们分别发生的概率。4. As in most bad luck stories, you forget about the number of times th

44、e road doesnt land awkwardly and remember the times it does.在大多数有关倒霉事的故事中，你会忘掉路线好找的次数，只记得路线不好找的次数。5. Red lights come up just as often when the driver is not in a hurry; its just that the disadvantage of the red light is considerably less if time is not critical.司机不赶时间的时候碰到的红灯其实和赶时间的时候一样多；只是如果时间不紧急，红

45、灯带来的不便要小得多。1. 说到科学发现，我们就会想起牛顿发现万有引力定律。这个例子告诉我们不要忽视生活中的小事，它们可能给人以灵感。(when it comes to; inspiration)When it comes to scientific discovery, we will think of Newtons discovery of the law of universal gravitation. The example tells us that we should not ignore the small things in life which might give us

46、 inspiration.2. 事实证明，不按照科学规律办事，是注定要失败的。(be bound to)It has been proved (by facts) that we will be bound to fail if we do not do things according to scientific laws.3. 当遇到挫折时，人们往往抱怨自己命运不好，虽然抱怨并不能解决问题。(setback; crop up; tend to)When setbacks crop up, people tend to complain about their bad luck though

47、 such complaints can offer nothing towards their solution.4. 这一自然奇观至今没有科学的解释，这就是人们对它倍感好奇的原因。(natural wonder; the reason why)This natural wonder has not had a scientific explanation so far; thats the reason why people are so curious about it.5. 后来的结果表明，他最初的判断是正确的。如果我们从开始就按照他的方法去做，这个技术难题也许早就解决了。(subse

48、quent outcome; may have done)This subsequent outcome proved that his initial judgment was correct. If we had followed his method from the beginning, we may have solved the technical problem much earlier.Uint81. Once again, its that time of year, when all good men and women settle their differences,

49、get back in touch with old friends and loved ones, and do their utmost to enjoy some centuries-old traditions of Christmas shopping.又是圣诞节了，所有的善男信女都该放下他们的分歧，重新与老朋友和心爱的人联系，尽情享受几百年来的圣诞节购物传统了。2. Then Father (for its always him) rushes into town in a panic to buy something like socks or a tea towel, nothing too heavy because of the postage costs, and definitely not the same present as he bought last yea