英语阅读理解解题技巧复习

1、 新高三阅读理解解题技巧复习.2011年江苏高考英语阅读理解备考注意当前，绝绝大部分高三学生英语学习与2010年英语高考指挥棒完全背道而驰，其具体表现在(以江苏省高考英语试卷为例)： 高考英语试卷就是听力20分，阅读60分，写作25分，单选15分，而高三学生实际是从9月1日开学计算至2009年11月24日，以高三学生每天英语学习3小时计算，一共学习240小时。其中，用于听力训练的时间只有10小时，阅读训练时间只有40小时，作文训练时间只有10小时，剩余180小时都用于讲背单词和练背单选题。 两方面列表对比如下： 从上表可见，与高考导向南辕北辙，再刻苦，也是刻舟求剑，缘木求鱼。 所以，建议高三学

2、生在底下的英语学习中，以每天学习英语三小时计算，每天至少理应用一个半小时阅读英语名著简写本以及原著，达到一百万词的阅读量。原因在于： 第一，虽然当前高三学生的学习主要还是以语言知识的讲解和记忆为主，听力、阅读和写作的等语言使用水平训练只占很少一部分；但当前的高考英语，已经很少单独考察学生对于语言知识的了解，而是主要考察学生的英语语言使用水平，即听力、阅读、写作水平，且越来越多考察基于语言使用水平之上的逻辑思维水平和批判思维水平。 第二，对于高三学生，阅读英文名著简写本是提升英语阅读水平最快，英语成绩提升最快的方法。英语学习的目的在于使用，学习的关键也在于使用。学了单词和句式，要马上用起来，在大

3、量的使用中体会掌握单词句式的用法，形成英语思维。一本英文原著，一般都有两百至三百页，三十多万词。开始看前面五十页时，会有很多不会的单词和句式，先查清，理解。到后面两百多页，单词本上的单词句式持续重复，反复理解。一本原著看下来，一个单词在上下文里出现五十次，一个句式出现一百次，理解掌握水到渠成。 第三，高三学生阅读英文名著简写本及原著，能够根据自己的实际水平，爱好选择难度适中，自己最感兴趣的书阅读。有两个例子特别值得高三学生借鉴思考研究。2007年，上海外国语大学附中高二学生王秋睿参加SAT美国高考,取得了满分的好成绩。2008年，南京外国语学校的高二学生刘梓栋参加SAT美国高考,也取得了满分的

4、好成绩，他们的经验都是，阅读原著坚持不懈，英语感好了，说不上原因也能知道答案。在每天一个半小时的阅读时间内，能够根据自己的水平确定阅读量。找到一本合适的英文书阅读，越读越想读，越读越能读，这样的学习效率才最高。 有一百万词的阅读量，远远超过新课标所要求的三十六万词的阅读量，阅读中掌握五千单词，超过高考大纲要求的三千五百单词。在此基础之上，再踏踏实实地训练听力，理清语法，再训练单选，写作，高考英语就能够冲刺110分。.保证一定的阅读量，每天2-4篇(至少1篇，天天坚持)。 .有精读有泛读，不要篇篇都仔细看。.精读应以读近几年各地高考试题，特别是北京试题为主，因为它们才代表了高考命题的真髓。.精读

5、时应适当练习句子成分分析，长句难句增加，必然对学生分析句子结构的基本功要求越来越高。.精读时还要注意词义词性的辨别，后置定语，连接词语以及由动词形式变化反映的句意的变化。.考前练限时阅读，35分钟完成5篇总词数约2400的各类文章。.注意总结六类问题的答题规律（主旨大意题，具体细节题，推断词义句义题，判断推理题，文章结构题和观点态度题）。.除掌握高考词汇表上的单词外，还应掌握考纲要求的构词法知识（比如今年高考中对于A篇unsettled一词、C篇a turn-taking game等词语的理解）。高考江苏省考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明： 1. 理解语篇主旨大意； 2. 理解文中具体信息； 3

6、. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义； 4. 作出简单的判断和推理； 5. 理解文章的基本结构； 6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度。. 主旨大意+作者的观点、意图和态度A.设题方式 .考查文章的中心思想 The main idea/key point of this passage is that_. The passage is mainly about _. From the passage we can learn/conclude that_. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the

7、passage? .考查文章标题的选择 The best title/headline for this passage is_. Which of the following is the best title? What would be the best title for the text? The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_. .考查作者的写作态度和意图 What is the authors main purpose in this passage? The writers purpose in w

8、riting this story is_. In the passage the author wants to tell_. The writers attitude toward . is_. B.干扰项特点. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 . 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 . 无中生有或似是而非。

9、有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。C.解题指导1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况： 1）主题句在开头主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义点明主题的作用,它能够使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题，常伴有 for example i.e. that is first second finally once another time for one thing 等词。2）主题句在结尾用归纳法写的文章,其

10、结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳画龙点睛的作用，多伴有so thereforethus in short as a resultthat is why 等词。3）考生能够快速浏览每段首尾两句来确定每段的主题句，从而确定文章的主题句。 【考例分析1】In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the si

11、mple and lasting beauty of the day, Nearly four decades later, I still look back fondly to that golden day at sea.54. What is the theme of the story? （2010年湖北卷A篇-节选自文章最后一段）A. Saving lives brings people a sense of happiness B. Fishing provides excitement for childrenC. Its necessary to live in harmon

12、y with animals D. Its vital to protect the environment【考例分析2】My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. 59. What is the message mainly expressed in the sto

13、ry? （2010年重庆卷A篇-节选自文章最后一段）A. We should learn to be generous. B. It is honorable to help those in need. C. People in high positions are not like what we expect. D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.【考例分析3】We often dont remember things as well when were trying to manage several detai

14、ls at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget peoples names-even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our r

15、elationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them. 52. What is the main idea of the passage? （2010年浙江卷C篇-节选自文章最后一段）A. Multitaski

16、ng has become a way of life. B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline. C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved. D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better. 4）值得注意的是：有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,仅仅暗示性地体现主题这就要求考生在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意 2.理清层次关系,，选出最佳标题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组

17、，短小明了,函盖性强做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。 【考例分析4】When youre lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!49. What

18、 would be the best title for the text? （2010年全国卷II B篇-节选自文章第一段）AAdventures in Travel Writing BWorking as a Food CriticCTravel Guides on the Market DVacationing for a Living【考例分析5】Too much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new s

19、tudies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. 67. What would be the best title for this text? （2010年辽宁卷C篇-节选自文章第一段） A. Computers or Television B. Effects of Television on Children C. Studies on TV and College Education D. Television and Childrens Learning Habi

20、ts【考例分析6】To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human. Common sense is not all that common. Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature . To err, or to make mistakes,

21、 is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people dont want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this：” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的). ”This saying mirrors an deal people should b

22、e forgiving of others mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity. 55. What would be the best title for his passage? （2010年天津卷D篇-节选自文章第一部分）A. A Mirror of Human Natu

23、re B. To Blame or to ForgiveC. A Mark of Maturity D. Truth or Excuse3.抓住关键词，判断作者意图 作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。这就要求考生在阅读时应

24、特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感彩的形容词如improving, encouraging, disappointing, fail, ignore等，以及作者对人物语言行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度 【考例分析7】The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet(出路) for our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something. We are miss

25、ing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own. 75. What is the main purpose of the passage? （2010年重庆卷E篇-节选自文章第一段）A. To show us

26、 the hidden beauty in our world. B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world. C. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder. D. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe. 4.小结：总来说之，主旨大意类题虽然综合性强，对考生的水平要求较高，但只要我们掌握了一定的解题技巧，在读懂读透文章的基础上，仔细对比四个备选项之间的内涵与外延之间的差异，定能准确地找出准确答案。.细节理解

27、题A.准确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。B.干扰选项的特点：. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；. 与原文情节极为相似，仅仅在水准上有些变动；. 选项中所提供的信息部分准确，部分错误；. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。C.事实细节题：主要考查学生 对阅读材料中的 某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解水平,问题主要包询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。.直接事实题：先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查

28、找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读的手法找出出处。.间接事实题：需结合上下文提供的语境和信息实行简单的概括和判断。D.常见问题形式有1).三正一误(三项准确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或三误一正(三项错误，只有一项符合原文容)：.Which of the following is true/false except? .Which of the following is mentioned except2).定义 3.年代与数字 4.比较 5.原因和结果【考例分析1】The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mar

29、y won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her morn, I dont know how to use a computer, she admits. 61. Why did Mary feel regretful? （2010年湖南卷B篇-节选自文章第二段） A. She didnt achieve her ambition. B. She didnt take care of her mother. C. She didnt co

30、mplete her high school. D. She didnt follow her mothers advice. 62. We can know that before 1995 Mary （2010年湖南卷B篇-节选自文章第二段） A. had two books published B. received many career awardsC. knew how to use a computer D. supported the JDRF by writing 【考例分析2】Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her sec

31、ond book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. I felt there was a need for a book like this, she say

32、s. I didnt want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when were self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease. （2010年湖南卷B篇-节选自文章第三段）63. Marys second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her .A. living with diabetes B. successful show businessC. service fo

33、r an organization D. remembrance of her mother 【考例分析3】Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability t

34、o make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is. (2010年江西E篇-节选自文章第一段)72. According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is_. A. our ability to use language B. the miracle

35、of technologyC. the amazing power of nature D. our ability to make noises with mouth【考例分析4】After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back. He left Canton, Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar, and created diabeti

36、crockstar. com, a free online community for diabetics and their loved onesa place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources. 57. Diabeitcrockstar. com was created for _. （2010年山东卷A篇-节选自文章第二段） A. diabetics to communicate B. volunteers to find jobs C. children to amuse

37、 themselves D. rock stars to share resources. 【考例分析5】These days, Thomass main focus is his charity（慈善机构）, Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people225 to datewho cant afford a diabetics huge expenses. Fight-it. org has raised about $23,000in products and in cash. In May, Thomas will

38、hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.59. What can we learn about Fight It? （2010年山东卷A篇-节选自文章第五段）A. It helps the diabetics in financial difficulties. B. It organizes parties for volunteer once a year. C. It offers less expensive medicine to diabetics. D. It owns a well-kn

39、own medical website. 【考例分析6】Armantrout, a native Californian, received her bachelors degree at UC Berkeley, where she studied with noted poet Denise Levertov, and her masters in creative writing from San Francisco State University. She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group in American poet

40、ry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think. 67. Which of the following is true of Rae Armantrout?（2010年山东卷C篇-节选自文章第3段）A. She published a poetry textbook. B. She used to teach Denise Levertov. C. She started a poets group with others. D. She taught creativ

41、e writing at UC Berkeley. 【考例分析7】Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire

42、 country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much. （2010年天津卷B篇-节选自文章第4段）43. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging? A. It inspires peoples deep love for the country. B. It proves the exce

43、ptional skills of the winners. C. It helps the country out of natural disasters. D. It earns the winners fame and fortune. 【考例分析8】This storywhich happened before I was bornreminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is also a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not hav

44、ing enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in t

45、he soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal. 48. The author feels embarrassed for . （2010年天津卷C篇-节选自文章最后一段）A. blaming her mother wrongly. B. giving her mother a lot of trouble. C. not making good use of time as her mother did. D. not making any breakthrough in her fiel

46、d. 【考例分析9】These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature . To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people dont want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to

47、do . The original quote about human nature went like this：” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的). ”This saying mirrors an deal people should be forgiving of others mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for somethin

48、g that went wrong is a making of great maturity. (节选自文章第4段)52. According to the author, what is a sign of a mans maturity? （2010年天津卷D篇）A. Doing things his own way. B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes. C. Making as few mistakes as possibleD. Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing. 【考例分析10】Sar

49、a tried to befriend her old friend Steves new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.

50、www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing64. What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her? （2010年北京卷C篇-节选自文章第1段） A. Betty was talkative. B. Betty was an interrupter. C. Betty did not take her turn. www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijingD. Betty paid no attention to Sara. . 猜测词义题： 词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容实行。如果该段落比较短，信

51、息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。A.词义猜测题常用的提问方式：.The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _.The word “” is most likely to mean _. .What do you think the expression “” stands for? .The underlined word “” means _.B.猜测词义方法1).Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义.It will be

52、 very hard but very brittle that is, it will break easily. ( ).The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ( )2).Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。.Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. ( ).She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle

53、 of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 【考例分析1】I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because Im in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, “Im having a dinner

54、party means： Im booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you cant afford and well be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat. “Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. Theyll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who dont dri

55、nk, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout： Where are you going? And its not like I can say I have somewhere to go： everyone know I have nowhere to go. 60. What does the word shot in Paragraph 1 probably mean? （2010年辽宁卷B篇-节选自第1段） A. Choice. B. Try C. Styl

56、e. D. Goal3). Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。.Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. ( )4). Cause and effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 .One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. ( ).That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. ( )【考例分析2】Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and