大学英语(B)test04.ppt

1、网络教育公共基础课,大 学 英 语 四川农业大学 夏新蓉,大学英语（B）Test 4,Part I Use of English Part Reading Comprehension(阅读理解） Part Vocabulary and Structure Part Cloze（完型填空） Part V Writing（作文）,Part I Use of English( 10 points),1 Can you turn down the radio, please? . A) Oh, I know B) Im sorry, I didnt realize it was that loud.

2、C) Ill keep it down next time D) Please forgive me 解析：本题的第一说话人在请对方把收音机的音量关小，言下之意是对方把音量开得太大了。回答时最好要表示一下歉意，因此选择B。,2 These are certainly beautiful flowers. Thank you so much. . A) No, no. Its nothing B) You are welcome.(不用谢) C) Yes, I agree. D) Yes, I think so, too 解析：从本题第一说话人说的话看出，对方送了他花，他在表示感谢，因此选择B。

3、,当听到对方说“Thank you”之后，英语的回答应该是“Its a pleasure.”、“My pleasure.”、“Its all my pleasure.”、“Not at all.”、“Dont mention it.”或“Youre welcome.”汉语的回答是“没什么”、“不用谢”或“这是我应该做的”等。如果一个native speaker对你说“Thank you”后听到“Its nothing.”、“You neednt thank me.”和“Its my duty” “I ought to do this.”，他就会感到很不舒服。例如一个服务员为外宾做了些事情，外宾

4、向他们表示感谢。如果服务员用“Its my duty.”或“I ought to do this.”来回答，那么客人就人支为服务员并不想做什么事情，但出于责任心不得不这么做。所以回答“不用谢”时，应按照native speaker的习惯用地道的英语来回答，而不能自己将本族语言的表达法硬译为英语。,正确使用“Thank you” 中国人使用“谢谢”远不如西方人用“Thank you”多。西方人一天到晚把“Thank you”挂在嘴边，中国人觉得没有必要，甚至感到不耐烦。这与西方人的习惯做法大不相同。“Thank you”在英语中的的确使用频繁，当某人为你做了什么事情之后都应该用“Thank yo

5、u”。但应该指出的是这些事情经常是微不足道的小事。例如，在服务员为你服务后；当别人在餐桌上递过来你需要的调味瓶；当妻子为你倒一杯水你都应该说“Thank you”，甚至在课堂上，学生回答完问题，老师都要说“Thank you”。这些在中国人看来都没有必要如此客气，特别是熟人之间（夫妻、师生）就更没有必要了。正因为这些理解上的不同，习惯上的差异，使得中国人在同西方人打交道时往往显得不那么彬彬有礼。在别人为他们做了些琐事之后，他们不习惯对这些小小的恩惠表示感谢。要消除彼此间的误会是很容易做到的。那就是要求我们学英语的人学习西方文化，按照西方人的习惯来和他们进行交往。,3 Hi, Sam, I th

6、ink you did a good job. . A) Thank you B) Dont mention it C) Not at all D) I did it quite badly 解析：本题的第一说话人在称赞对方所做的事，回答时通常要对对方的称赞表示感谢，因此选择A。,学会接受赞扬 中国学生在听到native speakers说自己英语讲得不错时，常回答：“No, my English is very poor.”这样，常会引起误解，对中国人来讲，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得还很不够；或者说自己的成绩不过是由于侥幸，或者强调是由于客观条件而造成的。好像这样才谦虚。否则，

7、轻易接受别人赞扬则会被认为是骄傲自满或没有礼貌，缺少教养。而对于西方人来讲，在听到别人的赞扬时说“Thank you”，表示接受，一方面说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的，另一方面也表明别人所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。这时，被赞扬的一方没有必要“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”，给人一种虚伪、不诚实的感觉。,听到别人赞扬你的东西时，你不应该说什么 在英语国家，赞扬是出于礼貌。在听到别人赞扬时，一方面不能以中国人的习惯故作谦虚，不接受别人的赞扬；另一方面也不能像下面的例子中那样使对方感到不知所措。一个西方人称赞一位中国女士的手提包漂亮别致，这位女士说：“If you like it, then you ca

8、n take it.”（假如你喜欢，那你就拿走吧）。这样的回答无疑让人感到非常窘迫，因为她并没有向别人索要东西的意思，只是出于礼貌这样说说罢了。,怎样用英语表示“不敢当” 汉语中我们常可以听人们说“不敢当”。它包含的意义丰富，使用灵活。如何用英语来表达同样的意思呢？这取决于“不敢当”所使用的场景。如果对方说“请您多提宝贵意见”、“请指教”这样的客气话，我们可以用“Ill be glad to”或“Thank you”来回答。也可以直接译为“Im honored, but Im not sure if I can do it well.”（很荣幸，但没有把握做好。）如果对方出于恭维说“Youre

9、 one of the experts in the field”（您是该领域的专家），这时可以做如下回答：“Not really”（不敢当）或“Its such a small field”（从事该方面工作的人有限，根本算不上什么专家）。如果有人看了您的文章，听了您的报告后赞扬：“Thats an excellent book/article/lecture”。您可以回答“Its very kind of you to say so”、“Thank you”或“Im glad you like it.” 但不能说”I did it quite badly”之类的话.总之，汉语中的“不敢当”本

10、意中对表扬受之有愧，不敢接受，而在英语中就表现为接受。,4Good morning. Sir. May I help you? . A) No, I dont buy anything B) No, I dont need your help C) Yes, I need some sugar() D) Oh, no. Thats OK. 解析：本题说话人说的话可看出，情景是在商店里。May I help you?是句套语。第一说话人在问对方想买点什么东西，最佳的选择是C。 另一常用套语是 What can I do for you?,5Could you help me with my ho

11、mework, please? . A) No, no way B) No, I couldnt C) No, I cant D) Sorry I cant. I have to go to a meeting right now 解析：本题第一说话人想请对方帮他做家庭作业，语气比较礼貌。如果无法帮助，通常要表示歉意，并说明理由，因此最佳的选择是D。,6 Why dont you travel to New York on vacation(度假)? . A) I dont want to go B) Excuse me, because I cant C) I want to but I h

12、avent got enough money D) Because Im going to school today 解析：本题的第一说话人在建议对方去纽约度假，不是在询问原因。因此最佳的选择是C。,7Would you like to go fishing with us now? . A) No, I dont like B) It sounds interesting but I have lots of homework to do C) I wont tell you D) Oh, it is well 解析：本题的第一说话人在邀请对方一起去钓鱼。如果无法去，通常需要解释一下原因，因

13、此选择B。,8 Could I speak to John Harris, please. . A) Oh, how are you B) Im John C) Im listening D) Speaking 解析：从本题的第一说话人说的话可以看出，第一说话人在打电话，因此选择D。在打电话时，常遇到以下情况： A: Hello, This is Mary speaking. Can I speak to Tom? B: Speaking. 如何理解其中的“speaking”呢？是不是B没有听清A所说的，让A再说一遍呢？不是的。“Speaking”是“This is Tom speaking”

14、的省略说法。听到“Speaking”之后，打电话的一方应该明白他已经找到了要找的人，应该尽快进入话题，开始正式交谈。Speaking相当于“我就是，请讲”。,9 Congratulations! You won the first prize in todays speech contest. . A) Yes, I beat the others B) No, no, I didnt do it well C) Thank you D) Its a pleasure 解析：第一说话人在说祝贺的话。通常的回答是表示感谢，因此选C。 对中国人来讲，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得还很不够

15、；或者说自己的成绩不过是由于侥幸，或者强调是由于客观条件而造成的。好像这样才谦虚。否则，轻易接受别人赞扬则会被认为是骄傲自满或没有礼貌，缺少教养。而对于西方人来讲，在听到别人的赞扬时说“Thank you”，表示接受，一方面说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的，另一方面也表明别人所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。这时，被赞扬的一方没有必要“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”，给人一种虚伪、不诚实的感觉。,10 Can I have a look at your passport? . A) It is here B) Here is it C) Here you are D) No, you cant 解析：本题的

16、第一说话人在请对方出示护照。将护照递给他人看时通常可说Here you are(给你这件东西)，因此选择C。,返回,Part II Reading Comprehension( 30 points),Passage 1 Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence. They show that he was learning Latin, was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society, and w

17、as reading English literature. At school he seems only to have been interested in mathematics. In fact, his formal education was surprisingly brief for a gentleman, and incomplete. For unlike other young Virginian(n.弗吉尼亚州的人) of that day, he did not go to the College of William and Mary in the Virgin

18、ian capital of Williamsburg. In terms of(就而言) formal training then, Washington contrasts sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. In later years, Washington probably regretted his lack of intellectual training. He ever felt comfortable

19、 in a debate in Congress(国会), or on any subject that had not to do with everyday, practical matters. And because he never learned French and could not speak directly to the French leaders, he did not visit the country he admired so much. Thus, unlike Jefferson and Adams, he never reached Europe.,11

20、Why didnt Washington go to college? A) His family could not afford(vt.提供, 给予, 供应得起) it. B) A college education was rather uncommon in his time(时代). C) He didnt like the young Virginian gentlemen. D) The author doesnt give any reason. 解析：答案D。本文第二段提到his formal education was surprisingly brief for a ge

21、ntleman, and incomplete.华盛顿总统缺乏正规高等教育，与他同时代的绅士比起来，他所受正规教育甚少，但未提及原因，所以选项D是正确答案。,返回,12 Washington felt uncomfortable in Congress(国会) debates (争论,辩论)because he . A) lacked practice in public speaking B) felt his education was not good enough C) didnt like arguing (争论) and debating with people D) felt t

22、hat debating was like intellectual(智力的) training 解析：答案B。本文第二段第四句话说In later years, Washington probably regretted his lack of intellectual training. He ever felt comfortable in a debate in Congress(国会), or on any subject that had not to do with everyday, practical matters.华盛顿总统后悔没有接受正规知识训练，在国会辩论中，在和日常

23、生活或实践问题无关的事物上,他从来没觉得自在,所以选项B正确；选项A“他在国会辩论中从来没觉得自在是由于缺少在公众面前讲话的锻炼”、C“不喜欢跟人争辩”、D“觉得辩论像知识训练”都与原文不符。,返回,13 The reason why Washington didnt visit France was probably that he . A) didnt really care about going B) didnt know French leaders C) couldnt communicate(沟通) directly with the French leaders D) was

24、too busy to travel 解析：答案C。本文倒数第二句话直接指出because he never learned French and could not speak directly(直接地) to the French leaders, he did not visit the country he admired(赞美,钦佩) so much.因为华盛顿总统从未学过法语，无法和法国领导人交流，所以他从未访问过这个他赞赏的国家，因此选项C是正确答案。,返回,14 According to the author, . A)Washingtons lack of formal ed

25、ucation placed him at a disadvantage in later life B) Washington should have gone to France even though(尽管) he could not speak French C) Washington was not as good a presidents as Adams, Jefferson or Madison D) Washington was a model(模范,典型) for all Virginian gentlemen 解析：答案A。本文主要讲述了华盛顿总统由于缺乏正规高等教育而面

26、临的一些问题，包括国会辩论、出国访问等方面，所以A“华盛顿总统缺乏正规教育使他在后来的生活处于不利”符合原文意思；而选项B“虽然不会说法语，华盛顿总统也应该访问法国”、选项C“华盛顿总统作为总统不如Adams, Jefferson和Madison”、选项D“华盛顿总统是弗吉尼亚州绅士的典范”都与原文不符。,返回,15 The main idea of the passage is that Washingtons education . A) was of great variety(变化,多样性), covering(覆盖,涉及) many subjects(学科) B) was proba

27、bly equal to those of most young gentlemen of his time C) may seem poor by modern standards(标准), but was good enough for his time D) was rather limited for a president 解析：答案D。本文主要讲述了华盛顿总统由于缺乏正规高等教育而面临的一些问题，包括国会辩论、出国访问等方面，因此选项D“华盛顿总统所受教育对一个总统来说较为有限”符合文意，是正确答案；选项A“华盛顿总统所受教育多样，涉及多种学科”，第二段第一句话说he seems

28、only to have been interested in mathematics.他只对数学感兴趣；选项B“华盛顿总统所受教育跟他同时牮的年轻绅士一样”、选项C“用现代标准来看，华盛顿总统所受教育较少，可在他那个时代，已经够好了”显然与原文意思不符。,返回,Passage 2 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: givin

29、g-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away

30、is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I w

31、rote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the d

32、oorway. He had overheard （无意中听到）our conversation. “Wasnt it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You dont know what a letter like that m

33、eans to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.”,16From the passage, we understand that . A) the author did not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirties(三十多岁) B) the author was like most people who were mostly receivers rather than givers C) the author received the same e

34、ducation as most people during his childhood D) the author liked most people as they looked upon life as a process of getting 解析：答案A。本文第一段第二句话说“It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting.我直到三十多岁快四十岁才发现给予可以使生活更有意思”，选项A“作者知道三

35、十多岁才明白给予的重要性”与原文意思一致；选项B“作者像大多数一样大多是接受帮助而不是给予帮助的人”、选项D“作者喜欢大多数把生活看作是不断获得的过程的人”与原文不符；选项C“作者童年时接受的教育跟大部分人一样”意思含糊，不够切合题意。,返回,17 According to the author . A) giving means you will lack money B) the excitement of giving can bring you money C) you dont have to be rich in order to give D) when you give awa

36、y(捐赠,让掉) money, you will be rich 解析：答案C。原文第一段第三句话说“You need not worry if you lack money.你如果没钱，也不必担心”，然后作者举了两个例子，一个建议、一封感谢信都是给予，说明给予并不一定是金钱的给予，所以选项C“给予并不一定得有钱”切合文意,返回,18 The author would make the suggestion to the storekeeper(店主) . A) in writing B) in person(亲自) C) in the window display(陈列,布置) D) abo

37、ut the neighborhood(附近,临近) 解析：答案B。原文第一段第五句话中提到If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper，如果你对小店的橱窗布置有什么建议，你可以直接走进去，跟店主说，所以选项B“作者会亲自跟店主提建议”与原文相符，是正确答案。 An idea flashes to sb.:某人想到一个好主意,返回,19 When the author n

38、eeded a post-office box(信箱), . A) he had to put his name on a waiting list B) he wrote the postmaster(邮政局长) a note of appreciation(感谢信) C) many people had applied for(申请) post-office boxes before him D) he asked the postmaster to make one for him 解析：答案C。原文中提到当作者申请一个信箱的时候，柜台工作人员告诉他已经没有信箱了，他的名字得登记在一个长

39、长的等待者名单上I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list，可见在他之前已经有许多人申请信箱，所以选项C是正确答案；选项A“他得把名字写在等待者名单上”与原文不符，并不是要他写，而是邮局的工作人员将他的名字登记下来让他等待。,返回,20 In reply to(答复) the postmasters question, the author said . A) it was the special delivery

40、(快递邮件) B) it was the post-office box C) it was the note of appreciation he wrote D) it was he who wrote him a letter a year ago 解析：答案D。文中邮政局局长问的问题是“Wasnt it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes.你是不是一年前为了一封快递邮件写感谢信的那个人？”作者的回答是“对”，因此选项D

41、“作者回答说他就是一年前写信的那个人”是正确答案。,返回,Passage 3 Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families. Television is the most significant of these influences, because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school. Parents are c

42、oncerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children. The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them. Studies indicate that, when children are exposed to violence, they many become aggressive or insecure. Parents are also concerned about the commercials that their

43、children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children. And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers. Educational television has n

44、o commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of. The most famous of these is Sesame Street, which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet（字母）and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live. Even tho

45、ugh most parents and educations give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality, some critics argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children . These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive（

46、被动的）consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it.,21 Which of the following statements is NOT based on the passage? A) Parents are worried about the influence from television on their children. B) Television has much influence on children. C) Both parents an

47、d their children like watching educational television. D) Some critics think that television is no good for children. 解析：答案C。本文主要涉及父母和专家如何看待电视对孩子的影响，文中第二段说Parents are concerned about(担心) the lack of quality(质量) in television programs for children.父母担心电视节目质量不好，第三段指出Parents are also concerned about th

48、e commercials(广告) that their children see on television.父母们担心广告对孩子的不良影响，最后一段中则又指出some critics(评论家) argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children .专家们认为电视节目，不管是教育节目还是非教育节目，都对孩子有害，因此选项A、B、D符合文章意思，不是答案；而选项B“父母和孩子都喜欢看教育节目”在原文中未提及，原文只说父母赞同教育节目，所以B是正确答案。,返回,22 In what ways

49、do children suffer from(因而吃苦头) television? A) They become the victims (受害者)of social violence(暴力). B) They spend hours watching television instead of(而不是) doing school work. C) The programs make the children lose interest in the world. D) The programs make the children spend too much of their parent

50、s money. 解析：答案C。电视以什么方式给孩子带来不利之处。原文第二段最后一 句话说“children are exposed to violence”，意思是看电视时， 孩子们看到暴力，而不是像选项A所说“孩子成为社会暴力的受害 者”；选项B“他们花费许多小时的时间看电视而不做作业”、选项D” 电视节目让孩子们花了父母的许多钱”.最后一段的最后一句话说 the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive（被动的）consumers of their world

51、 rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it.“电视节目让孩子们变成被动、对这个世界的什 么都不感兴趣的消费者，而不是积极的世界探索者，因此选项C“电 视节目会让孩子们对世界失去兴趣”与原文一致。,返回,23 Parents would not like their children to see commercial because . A) they think that their children are not old enough to handle advertising B) commercials

52、 teach children alphabet (n.字母表)and numbers C) commercials help to sell products D) they dont like commercials 解析：答案A。细节理解题。原文第三段最后一句话说And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims(主张) made by advertise

53、rs父母们认为儿童节目中不应播放广告，因为他们觉得孩子们还不成熟，还不能正确对待广告，所以选项A符合原文意思。,返回,24 Educational television is widely appreciated because . A) it does have the same commercials as others B) it offers programs for both children and their parents C) many parents like the programs it offers for their children D) children can

54、 learn some school subjects before they go to school 解析：答案C。原文第四段第一句话提到Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of(赞同).教育节目受推崇的原因：没有广告，提供父母欣赏的儿童节目，因此选项C“教育电视受到许多人的推崇是因为父母们喜欢它提供的节目”符合原文意思，是正确的；选项D“孩子们可以在上学前学一点学科知识”不符合原文意思，第四段最后一句话提到which tries

55、to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet（字母）and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live.教育节目可以给孩子们在上学前做一些字母和数字学习的准备，更重要的是它还可以教给孩子们一些关于我们所生活的世界的有用知识，因此D不够确切。,返回,25 Which of the following can best serve as (充当,用作)the title (题目)o

56、f the passage? A) Watching Too Much Television May Be Harmful to Young Minds B) Television Is More Harmful than Educational C) Televisions Influence on Children D) More Education Television 解析：答案C。本文主要涉及父母和专家如何看待电视对孩子的影响，因此选项C“电视对孩子的影响”最切合文章大意；选项A“看太多电视可能对孩子的思想有害”跟文章思想不符，父母和专家认为肯定有害；选项B“电视节目危害性大于教育性

57、”跟文章大意也有偏差，文章提到了教育节目也有害，但全文并不是围绕电视节目的危害性和教育性展开的；选项D“更多的教育电视节目”也与原文意思不一致，文中提到父母们推崇教育节目，但专家们认为教育节目也对孩子有害。,返回,返,26 That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but(除了) the police. A) called in B) calling in C) call in(召集,召请) D) to call in 解析：答案D。此题的考点为短语固定搭配have no choice but to do sth.:事态严重,我别无选择

58、,只能叫警察，所以答案为D。,Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 25 points),27 Although Jack made a foolish mistake, we at him. A) ought to have laughed B) oughtnt to have laughed C) ought to laugh D) should not to laugh 解析：答案B。此题的考点为情态动词的完成时态用法，它的否定结构是ought not to have done, 是委婉责备,表示”本不该做却做了”。 laugh at:嘲笑,情态动词+不定式完成式,（1）could + have + 过去分词 表示与事实相反，表示本来有能力做某事，但却未做。有委婉责备的含义。 He could have helped me, but he didnt. 他能帮助我，但他没有。 （2）should + have + 过去分词 表示该做而未做到的事，表示“本应”。有委婉责备的含义。(ought to have done) They should h