名词变复数讲解及练习题

1、名词变复数讲解及练习题1. 名词名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。1.1 名词复数的规

2、则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby-babies1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：two Marysthe Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays

3、2） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如： photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zoos；b. 加es，如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s，如： belief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf-gulfs；b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wives life-live

4、sthief-thieves；c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。1.3 名词复数的不规则变化1） child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2） 单复同形，如deer，s

5、heep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，

6、the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸

7、，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。1.4 不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词

8、时为可数。比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数）These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可数）We need various steels.（可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：four freedoms 四大自由the four mod

9、ernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。5. 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：men workerswomen teachersgen

10、tlemen officials3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件clothes brush衣刷4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树a five-year plan.一个五年计划1.6 不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Sw

11、isstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indian

12、two Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes1.7 名词的格英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2） 若名词

13、已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。例如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos a

14、bsence1.8 练习1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_.alittle wageb. few wagec. waged. wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.a.an ashb. the ashc. ashd. ashes3.The students at colleges or universities are making _

15、for the coming New Year.a.many preparationsb. much preparationc. preparationsd. preparation4.Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.a.oilb. an oilc. oilsd. the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here.a.muchb. lots ofc. a great deal ofd. many6.The large houses are

16、 being painted, but _.a.of great expenseb. at a great expensec. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense7.The room was small and contained far too _.a.much new furniturec. much new furnituresb.many new furnitured. many new furnitures8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot

17、both of the _.a. rooms numberb. room numberc. rooms numbersd. room numbers9.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself.a great manymanyc. mucha great dealb. a great deal ofmuchd. manya great many10.She didnt know _ he had been given.a.how many informationc. how many i

18、nformationsb.the number of informationd. how much information11.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding rade-in-armsc. rades-in-armsd. comrade-in-arm12.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctorsc. woman doctorsb.women doctord. woman doctor13.Af

19、ter ten years, all these youngsters became_.a.growns-upsc. growns-upb.grown-upd. grown-ups14.The police investigated those _ about the accident.a.stander-byc. standers-byb.stander-bysd. standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of-warsc. prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-

20、of-warsd. prisoner-of-war16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately.a.new reelb. news reelc. new-reelsd. news reels17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _.a. elder sisterb. elder sistersc. elder sistersd. elder sisters dress18.All the people at the conference are _.a.

21、 mathematic teachersc. mathematics teacherb.mathematics teachersd. mathematics teachers19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance.a.some propertyc. propertiesb.some propertiesd. property20.Physics _ with matter and motion.a.dealb. dealsc. dealingd. are21.He has wr

22、itten several books, but his last works _ well known among his friends.a.haveb. have beenc. isd. are22.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a.father-in-lawsc. fathers-in-lawb.father-in-lawd. fathers-in-laws23.He told me _ would come to his birthday party.a.ma

23、ny Jack friendsc. many Jacks friendb.Jacks many friendsd. many friends of Jacks24.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.a.barberb. barbersc. barbersd. barbers25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _.a.Peter and Helensc. Peter and Helenb.Peter and Helensd. Peters and Helens26._ receiv

24、es only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy.a.The earths surfacec. The surface of earthb.The surface earthd. The earth surface27.Numerous materials are available to _.a.today of designersc. todays of designersb.todays designersd. today designers28.Why did you speak to Peter that w

25、ay? Dont you know he is an old friend of _?a.my brotherb. my brothersc. my brothersd. my brothers friend29._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.a.This Johns old friendc. Thats Jahns old friendb.This old friend of Johnd. This old friend of Johns30._ is too much for a li

26、ttle boy to carry.a.A bikes weightc. The weight of a bikeb.The weights of a biked. Biles weight31.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.a.littleb. muchc. a large number ofd. a large amount of32.When they got to the lecture-room, there were _ left.a.only few seatsb. a ver

27、y few seatsc. only a few seatsd. so a few seats33._ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.a.A little mailb. A piece of mailc. A maild. A small mail34.The Department purchased _ to improve the working conditions there.a.a new equipmentc. new equipmentsb.a new piece of equipmen

28、td. new pieces of equipments35.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work.a.little improvementc. many improvementsb.a little improvementd. few improvements36.Todays modern TV cameras require _ light as compared with the earlier models.a.only a fewb. only fewc. only a littled. only little37.

29、No country can afford to neglect _.a.an educationb. educationsc. educationd. the education38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of _.a.eighth chapterb. chapter eightc. eight chapterd. chapter the eight39._ is only surpassed by that of monkeys and apes.a.The intelligent dogc. The in

30、telligence of dogsb.The dogs whose intelligenced. The dogs being intelligent40.All _ must take the graduate Management Admission Test.a.business studentb. businesss studentsc. business studentsd. businesss student41._ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.a

31、.Three minutes callc. A three-minutes callb.Three-minute calld. A three-minute call42.The _ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.a.publics chief concernc. chief public concernb.public chief concernd. chief concern of publics43._ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the con

32、struction of the transcontinental railroad.a.Chinese wereb. The Chinese wasc. Chinese wasd. The Chinese were44._ can get a better view of the game than the participants.a.Looker-onb. Lookers-onc. Looker-onsc. Lookers-ons45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who _ at the scene of the a

33、ccidents within minutes.a.wereb. have beenc. wasd. has been46.Our livestock _ not as numerous as they used to be.a.isb. arec. bed. been47.One of the most surprising things is that _ may come from petroleum.a.much of tomorrow foodc. many of tomorrows foodb.much of the food of tomorrowd. much of tomor

34、rows food48.Scott is an orphan but he received _.a.very good educationc. a very good educationb.very good educationsd. many good educations49.After several days hardworking, we have made _ on the design.a.much improvementc. many improvementb.several improvementsd. some improvement50.The boy was very

35、 happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a _ yesterday.a.shoes shopb. shoe shopc. shoess shopd. shoes51.Eggs, though nourishing, have _ of fat content.a.large numberb. a large numberc. a high amountd. the high amount52.He has done some _ on that subject from various angles over the p

36、ast ten years.a.researchb. a researchc. researchesd. the researches53.Recently, he has lost all his _.a.wage and saving at cardc. wages and saving at cardb.wages and savings at cardd. wages and savings at cards54.The countrys wealth comes chiefly from its many _.a.herd of cattleb. heard of cattlesc.

37、 herds of cattled. herds of cattles55.In Britain the _ are all painted red.a.letter boxesb. letters boxc. letters boxesd. letterss box56.Ten years had passed. I found she had _.a.a little white hairc. a few white hairb.some white haird. much white hair57.All his _ far from satisfactiona.conduct isb.

38、 conduct arec. conducts isd. conducts will be58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, _ was done.a.a few damagesb. few damagesc. little damaged. a little damage59.He was _ what to do.a.at his wit endb. at his wits endc. at his wits endd. at his witss end60.Would you like to