八年级下册英语知识点大总结

1、八年级下册英语知识点大总结Unit 1 whats the matter?1. Whats the matter? 怎么了？若是询问“某人怎么了?”要用“Whats the matter with sb.?”拓展：Whats the matter with sb.?的同义句： Whats wrong with sb.? / Whats the trouble with sb.?中考再现：Hi, John. ?Its Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt.A. How are youB. Whats the matterC. Whos thatD. Whats Lucy l

2、ike2. 疾病类短语:. have a +疾病. e.g. :have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽. have a +身体部位-ache. e.g.: have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛. have a sore+身体部位. e.g.: have a sore throat 咽喉痛 have a sore back 背痛中考再现：Mom, I .Im sorry to hear that, dear. We must go to see the dentist right away.A. hav

3、e a headacheB. have a stomachacheC. have a toothacheD. have a fever3. lie down 躺下 V. 躺，平躺。现在分词是 lying. e.g.: Dont lie in bed all morning!拓展：lie 的词性和含义总结.V. 位于，坐落在。e.g.: Japan lies to the east of China.V. 撒谎，说谎。lie to sb. 对某人撒谎。e.g.: Dont believe her because she always lies. N. 谎言。tell lies/a lie 说谎。

4、e.g.: You shouldnt tell lies to yourparents.注意含义过去式过去分词躺，平躺位于，坐落在laylain撒谎，说谎liedlied4. if 引导的条件状语从句时，主将从现。中考再现：Stop smoking, Joe! You yourself if you keep on doing it like that.A. will killB. have killedC. killD. killed5.see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事”，强调动作经常发生或看到

5、某个动作发生的全过程e.g.: We saw the boy playing computer games. We often see the boy play computer games.We saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room.When I walked through the playground, I saw my friends football.A. playB. to playC. playingD. is playing6. get 短语get up 起来，起床get to(=reach, arrive in/

6、at)到达get on 上车get off 下车get into 陷入，参与get in 进入，到达 get back 回来get ready (for.) (为.)做准备get on well with sb. 和某人和睦相处7. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是；surprise 是名词，惊讶，惊奇。8. have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事时遇到困难。I always have much trouble English words. Can you give me some advice?A. to rememberB. remem

7、berC. remembering9. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事。e.g.: They are used to living in the big city. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。 e.g.：He used to play football, but now helikes playing basketball.10. take risks/a risk. 冒险。risk V. 冒险。11. .run out 用完，用尽，主语通常是“时间，金钱，食物”等无生命的东西。e.g.：All the money ran out.run out

8、of 用完，主语通常是人。e.g.：We have run out of our pocket money.12. off 短语：turn off 关闭，关掉 take off 起飞，脱掉put off 推迟，拖延get off 下车give off 发出，散发set off 出发中考再现：We have to the bike ride because of the bad weather.A. put offB. turn offC. take offD. get off13. . important adj. 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n.

9、重要性中考再现 From the show Running Man, we can learn the of team spirit.make a decision=decide 后接不定式，“做出决定，决定”I made a big to stop doing my job for a few months.be in control of 掌管，控制out of control 脱离控制中考再现：The car was out of and hit a tree by the road.A. dangerB. breathC. controlD. practice14. .keep (on

10、)doing sth. 继续做某事，坚持做某事。中考再现：He kept so that he could be in health.A. exerciseB. exercisingC. to exercise.give up “放弃”代词放中间give up doing sth. 放弃做某事中考再现:No matter how hard it is, dont . Things will be better in the future.A. give outB. give upC. give away15. 重难点全解：情态动词 should should 的用法作情态动词时，表责任和义务，

11、意为“应当，应该”,可用于任何人称。肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其他否定句主语+should not/shouldnt+动原+其他一般疑问句Should+主语+动原+其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形？近义表达：ought to /be supposed to do翻译：现在你应该戒烟了。16. 易错易混全解too many表示“太多”，修饰可数名词的复数too much表示“太多”，修饰不可数名词much too表示“太”，修饰形容词或副词The meat is expensive and eating meat isnt good for our health

12、. A.too much, much tooB. too much, too muchC. much too, too muchD. much too, too manybecause是连词，“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句because of是介词短语，“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词Millie made a few mistakes in the exam her carelessness. A.becauseB. so thatC. as a resultD. because ofdieV. “死，去世，逝世”deadadj. “死的，死亡的”deathn. “死，死亡”中考再现

13、：Lei Feng for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.A. diedB. has diedC. was deadD. has been deadUnit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks.1. hope to do sth. 希望做某事， 含 hope to do sth. 的句子可以转换为宾语从句。eg: I hope to pass the exam.=I hope that I can pass the exam.agree to do sth.同意做某事decide to

14、 do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事remember to do sth.记得做某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事want to do sth.想要做某事2. “动词+up”的短语小结：clean up 打扫干净 cut up 切碎 grow up 长大set up 熬夜set up 建立，设立stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒来，叫醒take up 占用 give up 放弃use up 用完cheer up 使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间）put up 搭建，张贴make up 组成，编造e

15、nd up 最终成为，最后处于中考再现：Many volunteers will help to the city parks next parks next Friday.A. give upB. pick upC. clean up3. give out：发出，放出（热，光等）The sun gives out light and heat to the earth用完，耗尽 We had just reached home when the petrol gave out.公布，发表 The news of the event was given out over the radio.4

16、. give 的短语：give away 捐赠，赠给give up 放弃give back 归还give off 发出，放出 give in 让步，屈服 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.给某人某物5. put off doing sth.推迟做某事 e.g.: We cant put off making a plan.常见的 put 短语：put on 穿上，戴上 put out 熄灭，扑灭 put up 搭起，升起， 张贴put up with 容忍put away 收起来中考再现:They heard the party was because of the

17、 exam.6. come up with 提出，想出（答案，计划等）He many ideas to solve these problem already. 7.used to 变否定句或疑问句时常借助助动词 did.肯定句主语+used to+动词原形.否定句主语+didnt use to+动词原形.一般疑问句肯定答语Yes,主语+did.否定答语No,主语+didnt.8. care 的延伸:派生词:careful 小心的carefully 小心地 careless 粗心的 carelessly 粗心地短语：care for 照顾，喜欢 care about 关心，在意 take ca

18、re 小心 take care of照顾，照料9. such+ a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词“如此”注意：当名词前有 many, much, few, little 修饰时，要用 so,而不用 such.中考再现：We had awful weather we couldnt finish the work on time.A. so, thatB. such, thatC. such an, that10. -ing 是名词后缀。e.g.：reading 阅读 writing 写作 spelling 拼写 swimming游泳skating 滑冰fishing 钓鱼s

19、moking 抽烟11. be satisfied/pleased with. 对. 满意satisfaction n. 满意，满足12. 常见的“take+介词/副词”短语：take down 写下，拆除 take off 起飞，脱掉 take out 取出，掏出take in 吸收take over 接管take away 带走 take up 占用 take back 收回中考再现：I my fathers wet shoes and washed his feet.A. took outB. took offC. took place13. 常见的“动词+away”的短语： throw

20、 away 扔掉，丢弃 run away 逃跑get away 逃离 pass away 逝世 keep away 离开，使不接近take away 带走go away 离开 put away 收起来 give away 捐赠 stay away 远离-What are you doing, Mum?Im some old things for a yard sale.A. giving awayB. hurrying upC. cleaning outD. walking into一般现在时am/is/are +done一般过去时was/were +done现在进行时am/is/are be

21、ing +done一般将来时will be +doneam/is/are going to be +done现在完成时have/has been +done14. be similar to 和.相似/类似e.g.: His dress is similar to mine in color. 15.常考的不同时态的被动语态：中考再现：These model cars in China in 2013.A. are madeB. were madeC. makeD. made16. make it +adj.（+for sb.)+to do sth. 使某人做某事.find it +adj.

22、（+for sb.)+to do sth. 发现怎么样17. be excited about 因.而兴奋不已e.g.: We were excited about the good news. 同根词：excite v. 使激动，使兴奋 excited adj.激动的，兴奋的（常用来修饰人） exciting adj.令人激动的，兴奋的(常用来修饰事或物）excitement n.激动，兴奋They are about the news.A. excited, excitedB. exciting, excitingC. exciting, excitedD. excited, exciti

23、ng18. could 的用法:表建议，语气较委婉“可以”e.g.: You could help to clean the park.can 的过去式，表示过去具备的能力。e.g.: She couldnt dress herself until five.19. 动词不定式的用法A.动词不定式的语法功能作主语To learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learnEnglish well.作表语My job is to look after patients.作宾语We want to go swimmin

24、g.作宾语补足语She invited me to go to the concert.作定语I have something important to tell you.作状语She got up early to catch the early bus.中考再现:I was tired out, so I stopped the car a short rest.A. haveB. havingC. to haveD. had状语：状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份.状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或

25、短语来担当.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中.1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念.He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. （very 是程度副词,用来修饰well. very well 是修饰 speak 的程度状语）2. 介词短语The boy was praised for his bravery. 那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬.（for his bravery 在句中作原因状语）3. 从句作状语If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football

26、with you. 如果我明天不忙,我将和你一起踢足球.（If I am not busy tomorrow 在句中作条件状语）4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语.I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你. （to see you 在句中充当目的状语）5. 分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.和他妻子吵架后,他生气地地离家出走了.（having had a quarrel 在句中作时间状语） Reminded not to miss the flight at

27、15:20, the manager left for the airport in a hurry. （reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20 在句中作时间状语）由于时间关系,所附例句有限,希望你能对状语有一个概要的了解.B. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词 what, how, when, where, which 等之后，作主语，宾语，表语等。e.g.: How to get there is a problem.（作主语） I dont know what to say.(作宾语）The question is how

28、to learn English well.(作表语）中考再现：Its important for us to know all the subjects.-Yeah, group work is my favorite.A. how to studyB. when to studyC. which to studyD. what to studyC.含动词不定式的常用搭配有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语 plan, hope, agree, decide 等。e.g.: We plan to go climbing.My father agreed to take us to the muse

29、um. They decide to join the swimming club.有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事中考再现:We advise parents their children at home alone in order to keep them away fr

30、om danger.A. leavingB. not to leaveC. leaveD. to leave20. repair, mend, fix 区别repair 意为 “修理”，修理的对象着重于破损，毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。e.g. : When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.mend 意为“修理”，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具，玩具，要缝补的衣物等。e.g.：My kite is broken. Can you mend it？fix 意为“修理”，强调校准，校正。e.g.: Hes outsid

31、e fixing the brakes in the car.21. alone, lonely 区别alone可以作形容词，副词，强调独自一人，没有同伴。作形容词时，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。lonely只能作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”带有一定的感情色彩I was alone, but I did not feel lonely.中考再现:She lives in a small village, but she didnt feel .A. lonely, lonely B. alone, lonelyC. lonely, alone 22.open, close, t

32、urn on, turn offopenclose用于能直接打开或关上的东西，如：门，窗，盒子，书turn onturn off用于需要通过按钮，遥控或旋转才能打开的东西，如：电器（灯，电视，电脑）或水龙头 tap23.bring, take, carry, fetchbring意为“带来”，指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处take意为“带走”,指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方carry一般指 “随身携带”,此外多用于汽车，火车的交通工具时，表“运载”fetch表示“去取来”，口语中常用 get，表示“去某地取某物，再回来”，表双向动作Unite3 Could you please c

33、lean your room?1. “Could you please do sth.?”的答语以下两种情况：接受请求时可以用 Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem./Mypleasure./Its my pleasure./With pleasure.等来回答拒绝请求时可以用 Sorry./Sorry, I cant.等来回答，还可以用 I have to do sth.来解释原因其否定句是:“Could you please not do sth.?”2. 有关“家务劳动”有关的短语：take out the rubbish/t

34、rash 倒垃圾fold ones clothes 叠衣服sweep the floor 扫地clean the room 打扫房间make ones /the bed 铺床do the dishes/wash the dishes 洗餐具3. throw down 扔下throw at 扔向，掷向throw away 扔掉，丢弃中考再现：Recycling is good, so dont bottles or newspapers.A. find outB. hand inC. use upD. throw away4. the minute 表示“一.就”,相当于 as soon as.

35、(引导时间状语从句)e.g.: Ill tell him the minute he gets there.5. 常见 time 的短语：all the time 一直，总是 at times 不时，有时 in time 及时 on time 按时for the first time 第一次 in no time 立刻，马上at any time 随 时 at the same 同 时have a good/great/wonderful time 玩的愉快by the time 到的时候中考再现：Hurry up. Its almost time for school.-Dont worry

36、. We are sure to be at school .A. at timesB. on timeC. all the timeD. by the time中考再现：Hurry up. Its almost time for school.-Dont worry. We are sure to be at school .Aat timesB. on timeC. all the timeD. by the time6. as .as 表示“和一样”，之间要用形容词或副词的原级。e.g.: She is as tall as her elder brother.中考再现：Look! Th

37、is house is as as that one.A. the most beautifulB. more beautifulC. beautiful7. so, neither 引导的倒装句结构用法so+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的肯定事实也适用于后者时neither+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者时中考再现：I dont understand the story in the new unit. What about you, Bob?- . A. Neither I doB. Neither do IC. So do I8. in

38、 surprise 惊讶地 e.g.: She looked at me in surprise.9. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。e.g.: She asked me why I liked cartoons.中考再现：-Id like to knowMaybe in the forest.A. whether we will go campingB. where we will go campingC. whether will we go campingD. where will we go camping10. in order to “目的是，为了”，后跟动词原形。in order to

39、 do sth. 表示“为了做某事”，否定结构是 in order not to do sth. “为了不做某事”。so that, in order that 表示“目的是，为了”，用来引导目的状语从句，可以转换为含 to, in order to 的句子。中考再现:In order for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.A. not to be lateB. not being lateC. to be lateD. being late11. provide sb. with sth.

40、=provide sth. for sb.表示“给某人提供某物”。中考再现：Parents often their children some good advice.A. offer; withB. offer;/C. provide; withD. both B and C12. “动词+on”的短语：depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于., 由.决定get on 上车turn on 打开come on 快点，加油put on 穿上，上演call on 号 召 pass on 传递concentrate on 专心，集中精力中考再现：Mum, shall we go to th

41、e beach tomorrow?-It the weather.A. carries onB. lives onC. depends onD. holds on13. since 作连词，意味“因为，既然”，此时引导原因状语从句，表示因果时语气没有 because 强烈。（介词），自以来,自从He has eaten nothing since yesterday.（副词），从那以后，此后I saw him in June, but we havent met since.(连词)，既然，He has been in the army since he left school.因为，自以来中

42、考再现: I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.A. will beB. wasC. have beenD. would be14. take care of 表示“照顾”，和 look after, care for 是同义表达；表示“好好照顾某人”要用 take good care of sb. =look after sb.well.中考再现：In our daily life, we must learn to ourselves well at any time. Its as impo

43、rtant as studying. A. deal withB. worry aboutC. look after15. as a result 意为“结果，因此”eg.: He didnt study hard. , he failed his exam.fall 的短语小结：fall asleep 睡着，入睡fall ill 生病fall behind 落后fall off 跌落，从跌下来fall down 跌倒，摔倒fall in love with爱上. He and has been in hospital for two days.重点难点全解16. 用 could 提出要求和征

44、求许可用 could 提出要求常见的结构是 Could you( please)? 译为“你能吗？”或“请你.好吗？”如果同意就用 OK.或 No problem.等来回答。如果不同意就用 Sorry, I cant.等来回答，并以委婉的方式来解释原因。中考再现：Could you please sweep the floor, Tom?-Sorry, mum, IIm doing my homework.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. may not-Could you please turn off the TV?- ，II want to watch the sp

45、orts news.A. No; couldntB. Sorry; cantC. Sure; canD. Sorry; couldnt用 could 征求许可常见的结构是 Could I.?可翻译为“我能/可以 吗？”此时回答不用 could,习惯上肯定回答用 may, can 等；否定回答用 cant 或 mustnt(语气中)。中考再现：Could I borrow your bike, please?- .A. Of course you canB. It doesnt matterC. Yes, Id love toD. No, thank you易错易混全解both, either,

46、 neither, all, noneboth译为“两者都”，用于两者之间，可以和 and 搭配，bothand表示“.和都”neither是 both 的完全否定形式，表示“两个都不”。可以和 nor 搭配，neithernor表示“和都不”either表示“两个人或物中的一个”。可以和 or 搭配，neitheror表示“或者或者.;要么.要么.”all译为“全部”，用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间none是 all 的完全否定形式，译为“没有一个”中考再现：Jiefangbeiis not far from Chaotianmen. You can easily visit in a da

47、y.A. eachB. noneC. bothD. neither borrow, lend, keepborrow表示“借；借来；借入”，指向别人借来东西，搭配是 borrow sthfrom sb.lend表示“借给，借出”，指把东西借给别人，搭配是 lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb.keep表示“长时间地借用”，可以和时间段以及 how long 搭配中考再现：The librarian told me that I could these magazines for 3 days.A. borrowB. buyC. keepD. returnUnit 4Wh

48、y dont you talk to your parents?1. allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”， 也可以是 allow sb. sth. 其被动语态是“主语+be allowed to do sth.”, “某人被允许做某事”中考再现：My parents didnt allow me to the party.A. goB. to goC. goesD. wenthang out 闲逛 eg.: She often hangs out in the supermarket.2. Whats wrong (with sb.)?= Whats the matt

49、er? 询问“某人怎么了”eg.Whats wrong with you?I dont feel well.wrong 作形容词，意为“有毛病的，错误的”。近义词：false 错误的 incorrect不正确的。反义词：right 正确的correct 正确的eg.: Theres something wrong with my bike.3. till, until用于肯定句时，主句的动词用延续性动词，它所表示的动作一直持续到 till 或 until 表示的时间为止，意为“直到.为止”Well wait until the rain stops.用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性动词，

50、它所表示的动作直到 tillThey did not return home until it或 until 所表示的时间才发生，意为began to rain.“直到.(才)”中考再现: Julie didnt leave her office the police arrived.A. HoweverB. wheneverC. whileD. until4. why not do sth.?= why dont you do sth.? “为什么不做某事呢？”中考再现：We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.-?

51、 Ill give them a call right now.5. look through 翻阅，浏览look at 看look for 寻找look after 照顾look down 向下看look around 环顾，往四下看look up 向上看，查阅look out 小心look up to 仰慕，看得起look down on 看不起look over 仔细检查look forward to 期待中考再现:-I found my sistermy things and took my new magazines. Whatshould I do?I guess you shou

52、ld tell her its not right.A. looking throughB. looking upC. looking for find sb. doing sth. 意为“发现某人正在做某事”I found my sister with her friends in the garden.A. playsB. playingC. playedD. to play6.so that意为“以便；以使”,引导目的状语从句so.that表示“如此.以至于”，so 后跟形容词或副词，that 后引出结果状语从句such.that意思和 so.that 相同，但 such 后跟名词，so

53、 后跟形容词或副词中考再现：Where is Tom？-He is practicing English he can win the speech competition.A. to speak; in order toB. speaking; so thatC. speaking; in order toD. to speak; so that7. although, though, even though 都可以用来引导让步状语从句，它们都不能和but 同时使用。中考再现： Mike didnt win the race, he was still wearing a smile on

54、his face.A. IfB. SinceC. AlthoughD. Because8. work out 解决（问题),改善（状况）point out 指出go out 出去find out 发现，查明take out 取出，掏出turn out 结果是run out 用完-I believe that you can this problem by yourself.-Thank you for your encouragement.A.work outB. take outC. turn outD. run out9. get on with=get along with 和睦相处，关系良好get on/along well with sb.和某人相处得很好中考再现:We should think more of others if we want to them.A. get on well withB. hear ofC. get ready forD. hear from10. argue with sb.和某人争吵，和某人争论D