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1、英语中六大从句用法总结1.主语从句 1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有: *It is a facta pitya questiongood news that. *It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that. *It is clearimportantlikelypossible that. *It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that. It is said that comic books create a connec

2、tion between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like

3、crying. 2.宾语从句 1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so m

4、uch television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)非谓语动词之后的宾语从句 Reading that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing. 这个外国人知道了这只是风俗的不同后,就笑了笑,没说什么。 On being asked whether he had any good food in Germany, he answ

5、ered ”Terrible”. 一问到他在德国是否吃过什么好菜,他就回答说:“糟糕的很”。3)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didnt think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表

6、语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导。不缺其他成分时,用that引导,且不可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enoug

7、h food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision

8、.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧

9、接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who ar

10、e sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。 That is all that Ive heard from him. Hes th

11、e first person that Im going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语

12、从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 5.定语从句 *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,

13、原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. *“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句 “介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written by a person with wh

14、om we are all familiar. *as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“the same.as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语) 6.状语

15、从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有: 1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positiv

16、e responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句 1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must s

17、ay he is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so.that,such.that ,so that,that,so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first

18、 bus to the railway station. *条件和让步状语从句 1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even i

19、f,no matter what(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak Eng

20、lish fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened. 从句专题练习 在空格处填上适当的关连词:1. The question is _ the

21、 film is worth seeing.2. Do you doubt _ I believe you ?3. This museum is not _ it was ten years ago.4. The reason for his success is _ he work hard.5. She dresses well, but the trouble is _ the clothes she is wearing dont go with each other very well.6. The suggestion _ students should learn some pr

22、actical knowledge is worth considering.7. It depends on _ we have enough time.8. You have no idea _ anxious I have been for her safety.9. Now we can see _ a serious problem the population is.10. I want to buy some stamps. Can you tell me _ theres a post office near here?11. Theres some doubt _ she w

23、ill be able to repay the money on time.12. My radio doesnt work. I dont know _ is the trouble.13. _ he doesnt like them is very clear.14. Id appreciate it _ you carry out the experiment as directed.15. The fire destroyed _ was in the building.16. We know little about the young lady except _ you told

24、 me.17. I know nothing about her except _ she is from Canada.18. _ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.19. Please give me the book to _ wins the first prize.20. The chance _ he will attend the meeting is very little.21. Mark wondered _ you thought of the new film.22. The old woman w

25、as shocked by _ had happened to her daughter.23. Lei Fen was always thinking of _ he could help others.24. Could you tell me for_ you have bought this fur coat?25. _ he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.26. The problem lies in _ we lack time to have holidays.27. _ Thomas Edison

26、 became a great inventor is known to all.28. _ he felt sorry for was _ he wasnt in time to prevent the accident.29. _ we will go camping depends on the weather.30. _ is likely that we can bridge the generation gap.31. We should help _ is in need of our help.32. The reason _ he was absent was _ he wa

27、snt interested in the meeting.33. The child is fat. Thats _ he has a sweet teeth.34. Its beyond doubt _ that man will lag behind in the race.35. _ you believe it or not, it is true.36. _ he goes, the thief cant escape being caught.37. Jack is hard-working _ his younger brother is lazy.38. The baby m

28、ust feel uncomfortable _ it was crying again.39. He was allowed to go swimming on _ that he kept near the other boys.40. I lent him some money in order _ he could go far for a holiday.41. It was hard work. I enjoyed it, _42. I had given up hope of going to college _ word came that I had been admitte

29、d to a famous British University.43. Almost everyone has his own strengths and weaknesses. It is _ others are weak that maybe you have a great advantage.44. Mr. Hall understands that _ math has always been easy for him, its not easy for the students.45. Rof is determined to get a seat for the concer

30、t _ it means standing in a queue all night.46. John got injured in the game. Would it be at least a fortnight _ he could recover and return to school?47. I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers _ it was too late to tell them.48. The project wont carry on _ we can get financial aid from the government.49. Have you lived here for long ? Not vey lon

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