Unit3AlienationandtheInternet[61页]

1、Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet,Some striking pictures of PC users,Pre-reading Questions,Do you go on-line every day? What attracts you to the Internet? For how many hours a day do you think a person has to stay on-line before he or she is reckoned to be a Internet buff? Is it good to be one? Why

2、 or why not? You may say: Im excited at the huge advantages the Internet could bring to us. At the same time, Im also concerned with the disadvantages attached to it.,Some useful words about the Internet,网关 gateway 黑客 hacker 主页 homepage 浏览器 browser 服务器 server,电子公告牌系统 BBS (Bulletin Board System) 数据库

3、data base 拨号连接 dial-up connection 域名 domain name 路由器 router,错误 error 下载/ 上传 download/ upload 网页 webpage 登录/ 退出 log in/ log out,If the Internet allows for the free exchange of ideas, it helps to unify us. Then how does it alienate us while uniting us? How does it fragment society while globalizing id

4、eas? This is the issue that the author tackles in the text. This piece of argumentative writing falls into three parts.,Part I,(Paragraphs 1 2): Thesis : the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.,Part II,(Paragraphs 3 6): The auth

5、or supports his point with evidence and reasons in the body of argumentation.,Part III,(Paragraph 7): The writer reiterates his main idea in the conclusion of the text.,The thesis statement of the text is in the second paragraph: “. the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of

6、 society by alienating its individual users.”,The concluding statement appears at the beginning of the last paragraph: “All this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives.”,given: prep. when you consider sth.,e.g.,Given his age

7、 (= considering how old he is), hes remarkably active. Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.,given that: conj.,e.g.,It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much.,a. fixed for a purpose and stated as such,e.g.,They were to m

8、eet at a given time and place., it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.,Paraphrase:, as a mode of communications, the Internet is similar to international waters which are open to all countries to use.,Explanation:,communication: a mass noun. singular: the sharing or excha

9、nging of information by speaking, writing, or by using some other medium. plural: as in this sentence, it refers to the means of connection between people or places, in particular the means of sending or receiving information, such as telephone lines or computers. e.g. cross-cultural communication M

10、inistry of Communications (交通部) satellite communications (卫星通讯) communications network (通讯网络).,Detailed reading1 equivalent 1,equivalent: n. sth. equal in value, measure, force, effect or significance,The dress cost the equivalent of a weeks salary. What is the equivalent of fifty pounds in US dolla

11、rs?,e.g.,Comparison:,equivalent (of/to sth.),a. equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.,Eight kilometers is roughly equivalent to five miles.,e.g.,Comparison:,equivalent (to sth.),Detailed reading1 dramatically,dramatically: ad. suddenly and noticeably,e.g.,Prices have fallen dramatically.

12、 Events could have developed in a dramatically different way.,a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement dramatic results/developments/news,e.g.,Derivation:,dramatic a.,Detailed reading1 alter,alter: v. become different; make sb./sth. different,e.g.,He had altered so much that I scarcely recognized

13、 him. Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame. The landscape has been radically altered, severely damaging wildlife.,They are making major/minor alterations to the house.,e.g.,Derivation:,alteration: n. a change to sth. that makes it different,Detailed reading1 alternate,alternate: a. (of tw

14、o things) happening or following one after the other regularly,e.g.,She puts alternate layers of fruit and cream to make cake.,v. (cause to) follow by turns,e.g.,We alternate periods of work and sleep.,Detailed reading1 alternative 1,alternative: n. a thing that you can choose to do or have out of t

15、wo or more possibilities,e.g.,You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly; those are the two alternatives.,a. only before noun,e.g.,Have you got an alternative suggestion?,Detailed reading1 alternative 2,Blank filling:,1. This shirt will have to be ; it is too large. 2. This shirt needs ; it

16、is too large. 3. His moods between happiness and gloom. 4. This method doesnt work. Do you have an solution?,altered,_,alteration,_,alternate,_,alternative,_,Detailed reading1 further,further: v. help the progress or development of sth; promote,e.g.,Additional training is probably the best way to fu

17、rther your career these days. further sbs interests further the cause of peace,Detailed reading1 fragment 1,fragment: v. break into parts or small pieces,e.g.,The satellite will fragment and burn up as it falls through the Earths atmosphere.,n. a small part of sth. that has broken off or comes from

18、sth. larger,e.g.,Police found fragments of glass near the scene. I overheard a fragment of their conversation.,Detailed reading1 fragment 2,e.g.,the fragmentation of the country into small independent states,Derivations:,fragmentation: n.,e.g.,a fragmented society,fragmented: a.,Detailed reading1 al

19、ienate 1,alienate: v. cause sb. to feel very distant from or not welcome to sb. else,e.g.,She was alienated from her brother by her foolish behavior. All these changes to the newspaper have alienated its traditional readers.,Detailed reading1 alienate 2,e.g.,In a world that had suddenly become alien

20、 and dangerous, he was her only security. (a.) aliens from outer space (n.),Derivations:,alien: a. chocaholic; workaholic,Word Formation:,-aholic: suffix in nouns liking sth. very much and unable to stop doing or using it,Detailed reading1 in that,in that: conj. 副词连词 (formal) for the reason that; be

21、cause 不同于because的是，in that使用时，通常置于主句之后，而不置于句首。而because引导的状语从句则可置于主句之前，之间用逗号隔开，或置于主句之后，中间没有逗号。,e.g.,She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her. The news was all the more reliable in that it was from an official source. Swimming is healthful in that almost every muscle in the body is being

22、exercised. Because he is so shy, he seldom goes out with girls.= He seldom goes out with girls because he is so shy.,Detailed reading1 be given to,be given to: (formal) do sth. often or regularly,e.g.,He is given to heavy drinking. He is given to going for long walk on his own.,Collocation:,be given

23、 to sth. / doing sth.,Detailed reading1 exaggeration,exaggeration: n. action of making a situation, quality, or feature appear greater, more obvious, or more important than it really is,e.g.,The hotel was really filthy (very dirty) and Im not exaggerating. He tends to exaggerate the difficulties.,De

24、rivation:,exaggerate: v. make sth. seem larger, better, worse or more important than it really is,e.g.,He told his story simply and without exaggeration.,Detailed reading1 binge,binge: n. an occasion when an activity is done in an extreme way, esp. eating, drinking or spending money,e.g.,go on a bin

25、ge / an Internet binge / a chocolate binge One of the symptoms of this disease is binge eating.,skew: v. cause to be not straight or exact; twist,e.g.,His conception of human nature is skewed.,Detailed reading1 lament,lament: v. express sadness and regret about sth.,e.g.,He lamented the death of his

26、 friend. She lamented that she had never been to Paris.,e.g.,She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.,Derivation:,lamentable: a. very disappointing,It strikes me,that nobody is really in favor of the proposal. 我突然意识到没人真正喜欢这个提议。,Detailed reading1 it struck us that,. it struck us that : . it occu

27、rred to us that / . we suddenly realized that ,e.g.,How does the concert last night strike you? He struck me as an odd, old-fashioned professor of Chinese.,_,Blank filling:,This was the first time he had confronted an armed robber.,Detailed reading1 confront,confront: v. deal with a problem or diffi

28、cult situation,e.g.,She knew that she had to confront her fears.,Synonym:,face up to,face sb. so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you, esp. in an unfriendly or dangerous situation,e.g.,Depending upon how a “real place” is defined it might very well be.,Paraphrase:,According to the definitio

29、n of a “real place”, the Internet could most reasonably be considered to be a “real place”.,Detailed reading1 perceive 1,perceive: v. see, notice, or realize sth., esp. when it is not obvious,e.g.,I perceived a change in his behavior.,e.g.,It was very perceptive of you to notice that.,Derivations:,p

30、erception: n. perceptive: a. having or showing the ability to see or understand things quickly, esp. things that are not obvious,(1) The price increase has had no effect on sales. 价格增长对销售没有产生可见的影响。 (2) The drug can alter peoples of visual stimuli. 这种药物能够改变人的视觉刺激感知能力。,Detailed reading1 perceive 2,e.g

31、.,Her foreign accent was barely perceptible.,Derivations:,perceptible: a. great enough for you to notice it (Synonym: noticeable),perceptible,_,Blank filling:,perception,_,Detailed reading1 converse,converse: n. the opposite,e.g.,It is possible, of course, that the converse of this theory may also b

32、e true.,This would allow us to maximize its potential ,Paraphrase:,Achieving balance in our lives would allow us to make the fullest use of the Internet .,Detailed reading1 maximize,maximize: v. increase sth. as much as possible,e.g.,maximize efficiency/fitness/profits computing Maximize the window

33、to full screen.,make the best use of sth.,e.g.,maximize opportunities/resources,minimize,Antonym:, where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster.,Paraphrase:, where cyber-space is the very thing that gives you immediate gratification.,e.g.,You have passed the first hurdle, and now the world is your oys

34、ter.,Explanation:,oyster (牡蛎): a type of shellfish that can be eaten cooked or uncooked, and that produces a jewel called a pearl. The sentence here is a variation of the saying “The world is your oyster,” which means “You can achieve whatever you want.”,Detailed reading1 value,value: v. regard high

35、ly; esteem,e.g.,We value your cooperation and would like to expand business with you.,Collocations:,value sb./sth. (as sth.); value sb./sth. (for sth.),他是我们队很看重的一个成员。 He is a member of our team.,valued,_,Blank filling:,Word derivation,Phrase practice,Synonym / Antonym,1) alienation n. alienate v.,制造

36、业的工作又枯燥又单调，使许多工人产生了一种疏离感。,The boring and repetitive nature of manufacturing jobs has led to the alienation of many workers.,他们采取这个政策，就要冒同许多支持者疏远的风险。,By adopting this policy, they risk alienating many of their supporters.,e.g.,2) globe n. global a. globalize v. globalization n.,The beautiful city att

37、racts tourists from every corner of the globe every year.,这个美丽的城市每年都吸引着全球各地的游客。,Environmental protection is a global issue.,环境保护是个全球问题。,The company has successfully globalized its business.,公司已经成功地将业务推向了全球。,e.g.,China has been experiencing rapid changes during the process of globalization.,中国在全球化的进程

38、中经历着快速变化。,e.g.,3) fragmentation n. fragment n. & v. fragmented a.,国家正面临分裂成几个独立小国的危险。,The country was facing the danger of fragmentation into several small independent states.,他说的没有一点是真话！,(n.) There is not even the smallest fragment of truth in what he says!,e.g.,4) addiction n. addict n. addicted a.

39、,年轻人吸食海洛因成瘾这一问题日益严重。,There is a growing problem of heroin addiction among young people,他变成了一个不可救药的电脑游戏瘾君子。,He became an incurable computer game addict.,服用这些毒品不长时间就会上瘾。,It doesnt take long to become addicted to these drugs.,e.g.,5) exaggeration n. exaggerate v. exaggerated a.,Its no exaggeration to s

40、ay that most students have never read a complete Shakespeare play.,说大多数学生从来没有读过一部完整的莎士比亚戏剧，这毫不夸张。,The press has deliberately exaggerated the seriousness of the situation.,媒体刻意夸大了形势的严重性。,He tends to make greatly exaggerated claims.,他倾向于作夸大其辞的断言。,e.g.,6) depress v. depressing a. depressed a. depressio

41、n n.,The thought of having to take the exam again depressed me.,想到还须重新考试，我就感到很郁闷。,Looking for a job these days can be very depressing.,这年头，找工作会令人很沮丧。,e.g.,7) simulation n. simulate v. simulated a.,在电脑模拟的核爆炸中，人们可以清楚地看到爆炸发生的情形。,People can see clearly what happens in the computer simulation of nuclear

42、explosion.,在配音过程中，人们抖动金属片来模仿雷声。,In the dubbing process, a sheet of metal was shaken to simulate the noise of thunder.,He is addicted to simulated war games.,他迷恋模拟战争游戏。,e.g.,8) gratification n. gratify v. gratitude n.,家庭的成功是他晚年十分满意的事。,His familys success was a great gratification to him in his old ag

43、e.,看到我的结婚礼物倍受赞赏，我感到很高兴。,It gratified me to see how much my wedding present was appreciated.,She showed me her gratitude by inviting me to dinner.,她请我吃饭以表谢意。,e.g.,alienate, isolate, estrange,Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym1,1. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative

44、 consequences.,Antonyms:,intended, purposeful, intentional, planned,2. Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created.,Synonyms:,Antonyms:,extraordinary, unusual,3. Those folks were already becoming distanced from their extended families and neighbors.,4. These activities might fos

45、ter a sense of community among the local people.,cultivate, nurture,5. He said that he felt like an alcoholic in that moderate use of the Internet was just not possible for him.,considerable, excessive, indulgent,6. It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for

46、 the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge.,improvement, enhancement,Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym2,Synonyms:,Antonyms:,Synonyms:,Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym3,7. And I can also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in

47、the progress.,Synonyms:,misrepresent, falsify,8. We are forced to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about us.,Antonyms:,unimportant, trivial, minor,Absolute construction,To: preposition or infinitive marker,Inversion,Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.1,Absolute construction,

48、独立结构：带有自己主语的非限定分句和无动词分句。此类分句通常是以主句的一定成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。但也有一些非限定分句和无动词分句带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主句无直接关系，因此传统语法管它叫“独立结构”。其实，所谓“独立结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句。 独立结构，按其结构形式，分为不定式独立结构，-ing分词独立结构，-ed分词独立结构和无动词独立结构，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。,A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his gird

49、le, and so on. (infinite) Weather permitting, the cricket match will take place on Wednesday. (-ing participle) All of this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives. (-ing participle) His voice drowned by the noise, the speake

50、r interrupted his lecture. (-ed participle) He went off, gun in hand. (prepositional phrase) The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside. (adjectival phrase),For example:,Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.2,Combine the sentences in each group into one, using at least one absolute construction.,Pr

51、actice:,1. a. The professor rested against the blackboard. b. Chalk was held in one hand. c. The textbook was held in the other hand.,The professor rested against the blackboard, chalk in one hand, textbook in the other.,2. a. Sarah sank in the nearest chair. b. She was completely exhausted. c. Her

52、limbs were stiff with cold. d. Her mind was a piece of blank.,Sarah sank in the nearest chair, completely exhausted, her limbs stiff with cold, and her mind a piece of blank.,This guy is not given to exaggeration. (to as a preposition) The key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achievi

53、ng balance in our lives. (to as a preposition) I used to get up early in the morning. (to as an infinitive marker) I am used to getting up early in the morning. (to as a preposition),To: preposition or infinitive marker,Apart from being an infinitive marker, to can also be a preposition, which is fo

54、llowed by a noun or a noun equivalent.,Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.1,Vocabulary,Translation,Integrated skills,Oral activities,Writing,Grammar,For example:,Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.2,For example:,He swore to having paid for the goods (= he swore he had paid). (to as a preposition) He swore to tell the truth (= he swore he would tell