高三英语阅读专题细节理解题学案

1、湖南省长沙县实验中学 高三英语阅读专题：细节理解题学案【常见的几种命题形式】 1Which of the following statements is True (Not True)?2Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage? 3What is the reason that？ 4What do we know about？5What does the writer pay least attention to? 6Which of the following is not the

2、 result of？细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：(1)直接信息题直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。【典例】Lipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood. It can also raise “good ” cholesterol.Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patient

3、s with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking.1, Whats the major function of Lipitor?A, To help quit smoking. B, To control blood pressure.C, To improve unhealthy diet. D, To lower “bad” cholesterol.(2)间接信息题这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，

4、但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地加工处理，根据信息作简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。【典例】 To you，the most important decision youll make is to choose the school that really fits you bestnot the one that is the most competitive or the one has the best equipped rooms.1.The author thinks you should choose the colleg

5、e that is _. Awellequipped Bcompetitive Csuitable Dfamous 【典例】The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes walk). The House may present difficulties but the Visitors Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible to

6、wheelchair user. 1.A wheelchair user may need help to enter _. Athe HouseBthe garden Cthe Visitors Centre Dthe exhibition hall【典例】According to Dr. Wendy Gamble of the university of Arizona, kids dont need any instructions in lying. It comes naturally to them.1， How do children learn how to lie? A. I

7、nstructions from parents B. School education C. Social experiences D. Basic instinct(3)综合信息题这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能“断章取义”，也不能张冠李戴。【典例】 Third, needing to be right, it doesnt matter what the topic ispolitics, the laws of physics or the proper way to b

8、reak an eggthe point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authoritysomeone who actually knows somethingand therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more th

9、an the other, theyll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.1.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to _. Agive orders to the other Bknow more than the other Cgain respect from the other Dget the other to behave properly【典例】 Sally arrived early. As sh

10、e walked around the old house, she couldnt help feeling sad because of what was about to happen. It was almost a year since her dear grandmother had passed away in this house at the age of ninety-two. The family had very much wanted to keep all her things. Unfortunately, the family business had fail

11、ed and left them with heavy debts. The bank now forced them to have an auction sale to repay their debts. The auction was to be held today.1， Why did Sally feel sad when she came to the old house?A: Because her grandmother had died.B: Because her family were in heavy debts.C: Because she knew she co

12、uld pay for the debts.D: Because her family had to sell her grandmas belongings.(4)数字计算题这是细节题的一种，要求考生根据阅读材料中给出的信息和有关的数据，通过计算，得出正确的结论。解答此类题的关键是要弄清各个数据间的关系，确定计算方法。弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息。不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。【典例】The film “Titanic” received 14 nominations for the 70th Academy Award and it is not t

13、he only one that has been given such an honor. The following is a list of films receiving 12 or more Academy Award nominations and the number of Oscars they ended up winning:“Titanic”(1997), 14 nominations, 11awards.“All About Eve”(1950), 14 nominations, 6 awards.“Gone with the Wind”(1939), 13 nomin

14、ations, 8awards.“Mary Poppins”(1964), 13nominations,5 awards.“Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf”(1966), 13 nominations, 5 awards.1，From this passage, we learn that the Academy Award came into being in _.A. 1928 B. 1919 C. 1927 D. 1898【典例】（2008年全国高考安徽卷D篇） Tuition Fees (学费)Tuition fees are different from

15、department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui waikatoacnz. Accommodation (住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc

16、 waikatoacnz 69. You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000【典例】(2010年江苏卷)BORDER CROSSINGSWhile there are no restrictions on the amount of money that you can bring across the border，you must report to both the US and Canadian b

17、order services amounts equal to or greater than $10,000.PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS(免税) ON PURCHASESAMERICANS RETURNING TO THE USLess than 48 hours：$200 US48 hours or more：$800 US dutyfree personal exemption，next $1,000 US at 3%Including up to 100 cigars and 100 cigarettes.CANADIANS RETURNING TO CANADALess

18、than 24 hours：$50 CAN48 hours or more：$400 CANIncluding up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes.7 days or more：$750 CANIncluding up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes.64If a Canadian who is on a 7day trip to New York buys $ 800 CAN worth of goods, how much should he pay tax on when returning home?A$ 800 C

19、AN. B$750 CAN. C$ 400 CAN. D$ 50 CAN.65For an American citizen on a 2day tour of Canada, how much tax does he have to pay on $ 1,600 US worth of purchases when returning to the US?A$ 24 US. B$ 48 US. C$52 US. D$ 200 US.【典例】(2010年全国卷)Ariau Amazon TowersPrices：starting at $300 one night for each perso

20、n for a regular room and going all the way up to$3,000 for the Tarzan Suite.The Ice HotelPrices: starting at $318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one.Propeller IslandPrices：starting at just $91 a night，and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars.55For two persons sp

21、ending a night in one of these hotels，they have to pay at least_.A$111 B$182 C$600 D$636 (5)排序题这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时可采用“首尾法定位法”，即找出事件发展的首与尾，迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项。或直接逐一用排除法按顺序排除，得出正确选项。【典例】（2008年全国高考浙江卷D篇）People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the st

22、ore, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If youre looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.54. Which of the f

23、ollowing is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list.c. Find the things you want. D. Go to a self-checkout stand.A. abdcB. bacd C. acbd D. bcad【典例】(2010年福建卷)FScott Fitzgerald，born on September 24,1896，an American novelist，was onc

24、e a student of St.Paul Academy，the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while.In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama，where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.Then he had to make some money to impress her.This Side of Paradise，his first novel, was published in 192

25、0. Then he continued with.a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. However, Fitzgeralds problems with his wife Zelda affected his wri

26、ting. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol.57Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgeralds life according to the passage?aHe became addicted to drinking.bHe studied at

27、St. Paul Academy.cHe published his first novel This Side of Paradise.dThe Great Gatsby won high praise.eHe failed to reorder his life.fHe joined the army and met Zelda.Afceabd BbeafcdCfdecba Dbfcdea(6)代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【典例】（2008年全国卷

28、C篇）The theory is supported by the facts that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars seems too little for a car worth many times more. Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And

29、 even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do, ” he said.52. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to .A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money 【典例】（2008年全国高考天津卷E篇）Many creative thinkers state

30、 that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads t

31、o discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery als

32、o requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?A. Great contributions to the societyB. Long-time study of the subject matter.C. Various statements about problem solving.D. Complete de

33、votion to artistic creation.【课后练习】一（2008年全国高考上海卷A篇）You either have it, or you donta sense of direction, that is. But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map, while others can lose themselves in the next street?Scientists say were all born with a sense of direc

34、tion, but it is not properly understood how it works. One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we dont use is, we lose it.“Children as young as seven

35、 have the ability to find their way around,” says Jim Martland, Research Director of the project. “However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the skills.”Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their

36、 sense of direction. He makes the following suggestions:If you are using a map, turn it so it relates to the way you are facing.If you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big stone or a tree. Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike. When you return, go

37、back along the same route.Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out wh

38、ere you are.Now you need never get lost again!65. Scientists believe that_.A. some babies are born with a sense of direction.B. people learn a sense of direction as they grow olderC. people never lose their sense of directionD. everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth66. What is true of s

39、even-year-old children according to the passage?A. They never have a sense of direction without mapsB. They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of directionC. They have a sense of direction and can find their way aroundD. They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driv

40、en around in a car.68. According to the passage, the best way to find your way around is to _.A. ask policemen for directions.B. use walls, streams, and streets to guide yourselfC. remember your route by looking out for steps and stairsD. count the number of landmarks that you see二（2008年全国卷I、II C篇）W

41、elcome to Adventureland!Everyone loves Adventureland! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore (探索) , enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?The Travel Pavili

42、onExplore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.Visit the Amazon jungle village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives, and things they make. You can try ma

43、king a carpet, making nets, fishing The Future TowerThis exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way well be living then. Spend some time in our space station climb into our simulator (模拟装置) for the J

44、ourney to Mars!The Nature ParkThis is not really one park but several.In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers; see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see

45、The PyramidThis is the center of Adventureland. Run out of film, need some postcards and stamps? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping centre. Come here for information and ideas too.63. The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors _.A. realize the importance of travelingB. become familiar with mountain countriesC. learn how to make things such as fishing netsD. learn something about different places in the world64. If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be, you may visit