毕业设计英文翻译

毕业设计英文翻译THISPROCESSISIDEALFORCYLINDRICALPRODUCTSSUCHASPIPESANDTANKSTHEPROCESSISTHESAMEASITSCOUNTERPARTINMETALCASTINGSECTION1135CHOPPEDFIBERSCOMBINEDWITHLIQUIDRESINAREPOUREDINTOAFASTROTATINGCYLINDRICALMOLDCENTRIFUGALFORCEPRESSESTHEINGREDIENTSAGAINSTTHEMOLDWALL,WHERECURINGTAKESPLACETHERESULTINGINNERSURFACESAREQUITESMOOTHPARTSHRINKAGEORUSEOFSPLITMOLDSPERMITSPARTREMOVAL此过程是理想的圆筒状的产品，如管道和坦克。其对应的金属铸造（第1135节）的过程是相同的。切碎的纤维结合液态树脂倒入一个快速旋转的圆筒形模具。激振力压力机对模具壁，在固化的成分的地方。产生的内表面相当光滑。剖分式模具零件的收缩或使用允许部分切除。FRPTUBESCANBEFABRICATEDFROMPREPREGSHEETSBYAROLLINGTECHNIQUE7L,SHOWNINFIGURE1513SUCHTUBESAREUSEDINBICYCLEFRAMESANDSPACETRUSSESINTHEPROCESS,APRECUTPREPREGSHEETISWRAPPEDAROUNDACYLINDRICALMANDRELSEVERALTIMESTOOBTAINATUBEWALLOFMULTIPLESHEETTHICKNESSESTHEROLLEDSHEETSARETHENENCASEDINAHEATSHRINKINGSLEEVEANDOVENCUREDASTHESLEEVECONTRACTS,ENTRAPPEDGASESARESQUEEZEDOUTTHEENDSOFTHETUBEWHENCURINGISCOMPLETE,THEMANDRELISREMOVEDTOYIELDAROLLEDFRPTUBETHEOPERATIONISSIMPLE,ANDTOOLINGCOSTISLOWTHEREAREVARIATIONSINTHEPROCESS,SUCHASUSINGDIFFERENTWRAPPINGMETHODSORUSINGASTEELMOLDTOENCLOSETHEROLLEDPREPREGTUBEFORBETTERDIMENSIONALCONTROL由轧制技术7升的FRP管可以由预浸料坯片材制造，图1513中所示。使用这种管在自行车车架和空间桁架。在这个过程中，预切割的预浸料坯片缠绕在一个圆柱形心轴几次以获得的管多个工作表壁的厚度。然后，热轧板是装在热收缩套筒和烘烤处理。作为套筒合约，截留的气体被挤压的端部管。固化完成时，心轴被除去，得到的轧制的FRP管。操作很简单，模具成本低。有变化的过程中，如使用不同的包装方法，或使用STEELMOLD，附上更好的热轧预浸料管尺寸控制。CHAPTER16POWDERMETALLURGY345PRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGYCONSIDERATIONSTHATMAKEPOWDERMETALLURGYANIMPORTANTCOMMERCIALTECHNOLOGYINCLUDEPMPARTSCANBEMASSPRODUCEDTONETSHAPEORNEARNETSHAPE,ELIMINATINGORREDUCINGTHENEEDFORSUBSEQUENTPROCESSINGTHEPMPROCESSITSELFINVOLVESVERYLITTLEWASTEOFMATERIALABOUT97OFTHESTARTINGPOWDERSARECONVERTEDTOPRODUCTTHISCOMPARESFAVORABLYWITHCASTINGPROCESSESINWHICHSPRUES,RUNNERSANDRISERSAREWASTEDMATERIALINTHEPRODUCTIONCYCLEOWINGTOTHENATUREOFTHESTARTINGMATERIALINPM,PARTSHAVINGASPECIFIEDLEVELOFPOROSITYCANBEMADETHISFEATURELENDSITSELFTOTHEPRODUCTIONOFPOROUSMETALPARTSSUCHASFILTERSANDOILIMPREGNATEDBEARINGSANDGEARSCERTAINMETALSTHATAREDIFFICULTTOFABRICATEBYOTHERMETHODSCANBESHAPEDBYPOWDERMETALLURGYTUNGSTENISANEXAMPLETUNGSTENFILAMENTSUSEDININCANDESCENTLAMPBULBSAREMADEUSINGPMTECHNOLOGY毕业设计论文代做平台580毕业设计网是专业代做团队也有大量毕业设计成品提供参考WWWBYSJ580COMQQ3449649974CERTAINMETALALLOYCOMBINATIONSANDCERMETSCANBEFORRUEDBYPMTHATCANNOTBEPRODUCEDBYOTHERMETHODSPMCOMPARESFAVORABLYWITHMOSTCASTINGPROCESSESINTERMSOFDIMENSIONALCONTROLOFTHEPRODUCTTOLERANCESOF013MM10005INAREHELDROUTINELYPMPRODUCTIONMETHODSCANBEAUTOMATEDFORECONOMICALPRODUCTIONPOWDERMETALLURGYTHISCLIPCONTAINSTWOSEGMENTSPOWDERMETALPARTSPRODUCTIONANDPMOVERVIEWTHEREARELIMITATIONSANDDISADVANTAGESASSOCIATEDWITHPMPROCESSINGTHESEINCLUDETHEFOLLOWINGTOOLINGANDEQUIPMENTCOSTSAREHIGH,METALLICPOWDERSAREEXPENSIVE,ANDTHEREAREDIFFICULTIESWITHSTORINGANDHANDLINGMETALPOWDERSSUCHASDEGRADATIONOFTHEMETALOVERTIME,ANDFIREHAZARDSWITHPARTICULARMETALSALSO,THEREARELIMITATIONSONPARTGEOMETRYBECAUSEMETALPOWDERSDONOTREADILYFLOWLATERALLYINTHEDIEDURINGPRESSING,ANDALLOWANCESMUSTBEPROVIDEDFOREJECTIONOFTHEPARTFROMTHEDIEAFTERPRESSINGINADDITION,VARIATIONSINMATERIALDENSITYTHROUGHOUTTHEPARTMAYBEAPROBLEMINPM,ESPECIALLYFORCOMPLEXPARTGEOMETRIESALTHOUGHPARTSASLARGEAS22KG50LBCANBEPRODUCED,MOSTPMCOMPONENTSARELESSTHAN22KG5LBACOLLECTIONOFTYPICALPMPARTSISSHOWNINFIGURE161THELARGESTTONNAGEOFMETALSFORPMAREALLOYSOFIRONSTEEL,ANDALUMINUMOTHERPMMETALSINCLUDECOPPER,NICKEL,ANDREFRACTORYMETALSSUCHASMOLYBDENUMANDTUNGSTENMETALLICCARBIDESSUCHASTUNGSTENCARBIDEAREOFTENINCLUDEDWITHINTHESCOPEOFPOWDERMETALLURGYHOWEVERBECAUSETHESEMATERIALSARECERAMICSWEDEFERTHEIRCONSIDERATIONUNTILTHENEXTCHAPTERTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMODERNFIELDOFPOWDERMETALLURGYDATESBACKTOTHE1800SHISTORICALNOTE161THESCOPEOFTHEMODERNTECHNOLOGYINCLUDESNOTONLYPARTSPRODUCTION,BUTALSOPREPARATIONOFTHESTARTINGPOWDERSSUCCESSINPOWDERMETALLURGYDEPENDSTOALARGEDEGREEONTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHESTARTINGPOWDERSWEDISCUSSTHISTOPICINSECTION161LATERSECTIONSDESCRIBEPOWDERPRODUCTION,PRESSING,ANDSINTERINGTHEREISACLOSECORRELATIONBETWEENPMTECHNOLOGYANDASPECTSOFCERAMICSPROCESSINGCHAPTER17INCERAMICSEXCEPTGLASS,THESTARTINGMATERIALISALSOPOWDER,SOTHEMETHODSFORCHARACTERIZINGTHEPOWDERSARECLOSELYRELATEDTOTHOSEINPMSEVERALOFTHESHAPEFORMINGMETHODSARESIMILARALSO第16章/粉末冶金345生产技术。粉末冶金的一个重要的注意事项。商业技术包括“粉末冶金零件可以大量生产的净形状或近净形状，消除或减少后续处理的需要”。“PM过程本身涉及的材料，极少有废弃物，约97的起始粉末转化为产物。与此相比毫不逊色铸造过程中，浇口，亚，季军。和立管被浪费了材料在生产循环”。由于在PM的原料的性质，具有特定水平的零件孔隙率可以。这个功能本身的生产多孔金属零件，如过滤器和油浸渍的轴承和齿轮。“可以通过以下的形状是通过其他方法难以制造的某些金属粉末冶金”。钨是一个例子，使用的钨丝白炽灯的灯泡采用PM技术。某些金属合金可以由PMFORRUED不能被组合和金属陶瓷由其它方法产生。PM媲美最铸造过程中的尺寸控制的产品。举行例行公差的013毫米（10005在）。PM的生产方法可以经济地生产自动化。粉末冶金。剪辑包含两个部分（1）粉末金属零件生产（2）下午概述。有与PM处理相关联的限制和缺点。这些包括以下内容（1）的工具和设备的成本高，（2）的金属粉末是昂贵的，和（3）也有困难，存储和处理的金属粉末（如降解的金属随着时间的推移，和火灾危害，尤其是金属）。此外，（4）有金属粉末零件的几何形状的限制，因为不容易流，必须提供在模具压制过程中，和津贴横向喷射从模具压制后的一部分。此外，（5）在材料密度的变化在整个在下午的部分可能是一个问题，尤其是对于复杂的零件的几何形状。虽然零件一样大，可以生产22千克（50磅），大多数PM组件是小于22公斤（5磅）。一个典型的粉末冶金零件的集合，如图161所示。最大金属PM吨位是铁的合金。钢和铝。其他PM金属包括铜，镍，和难熔金属如钼和钨。金属的碳化物，如碳化钨经常包括的范围内的粉末的冶金。因为这些材料是陶瓷。我们推迟审议直到下一个章节。现代粉末冶金领域的发展可以追溯到19世纪（史注161）。现代技术的范围不仅包括部件生产，但也准备的起始粉末S。粉末冶金的成功的原料粉末的特点，在很大的程度上取决于我们讨论这个话题在第161节。后面几节描述粉的生产，冲压，和烧结。有PM技术和陶瓷加工方面有密切的关系（CHAP后17）。在陶瓷（除玻璃外的）中，起始原料也是粉末，所以方法粉末特性，在PM的密切相关的。的形状形成的几个方法是相似的。还可以。CHAPTER16/POWDERMETALLURGYFIGURE161ACOLLECTIONOFPOWDERMETALLURGYPARTSCOURTESYOFDORSTAMERICA,INCHISTORICALNOTE161POWDERMETOLLURGYOWDERSOFMETALSSUCHASGOLDANDCOPPER,ASWEJIASSOMEOFTHEMETALLICOXIDES,HAVEBEENUSEDFORDECORATIVEPURPOSESSINCEANCIENTTIMESTHEUSESINCLUDEDDECORATIONSONPOTTERY,BASESFORPAINTS,ANDINCOSMETICSITISBEJIEVEDTHATTHEEGYPTIANSUSEDPMTOMAKETOOLSASFARBACKAS3000BCETHEMODERNFIELDOFPOWDERMETALLURGYDATESTOTHEEARLYNINETEENTHCENTURY,WHENTHEREWASASTRONGINTERESTINTHEMETALPLATINUMAROUNDL815,ENGLISHMANWILLIAMWOLLASTONDEVELOPEDATECHNIQUEFORPREPARINGPLATINUMPOWDERS,COMPACTINGTHEMUNDERHIGHPRESSURE,ANDBAKINGSINTERINGTHEMATREDHEATTHEWOLLASTONPROCESSMARKSTHEBEGINNINGOFPOWDERMETALLURGYASITISPRACTICEDTODAYUSPATENTSWEREISSUEDIN1870TOSGWYNNTHATRELATETOPMSELFLUBRICATINGBEARINGSHEUSEDAMIXTUREOFGGPOWDEREDTINANDLPETROLEUM,MIXING,HEATING,ANDFINALLYSUBJECTINGTHEMIXTURETOEXTREMEPRESSURESTOFORMITINTOTHEDESIREDSHAPEINSIDEAMOLDCAVITYBYTHEEARLY1900S,THEINCANDESCENTLAMPHADBECOMEANIMPORTANTCOMMERCIALPRODUCTAVARIETYOFFILAMENTMATERIALSHADBEENTRIED,INCLUDINGCARBON,ZIRCONIUM,VANADIUM,ANDOSMIUMBUTITWASCONCLUDEDTHATTUNGSTENWASTHEBESTFILAMENTMATERIALTHEPROBLEMWASTHATTUNGSTENWASDIFFICULTTOPROCESSBECAUSEOFITSHIGHMELTINGPOINTANDUNIQUEPROPERTIESIN1908,WIJLIAMCOOIIDGEDEVELOPEDAPROCEDURETHATMADEPRODUCTIONOFTUNGSTENINCANDESCENTLAMPFILAMENTSFEASIBLEINHISPROCESS,FINEPOWDERSOFTUNGSTENOXIDEW03WEREREDUCEDTOMETALLICPOWDERS,PRESSEDINTOCOMPACTS,PRESINTERED,HOTFORGEDINTOROUNDS,SINTERED,ANDFINALLYDRAWNINTOFILAMENTWIRETHECOOLIDGEPROCESSISSTILLUSEDTODAYTOMAKEFILAMENTSFORINCANDESCENTLIGHTBULBSINTHEL920S,CEMENTEDCARBIDETOOLSWCCOWEREBEINGFABRICATEDBYPMTECHNIQUESHISTORICALNOTE72SELFIUBRICATINGBEARINGSWEREPRODUCEDINLARGEQUANTITIESSTARTINGINTHE1930SPOWDERMETALGEARSANDOTHERCOMPONENTSWEREMASSPRODUCEDINTHE1960SAND1970S,ESPECIALLYINTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYA