gmp知识---企业员工培训教材

必修一UNIT1ANNESBESTFRIENDDOYOUWANTAFRIENDWHOMYOUCOULDTELLEVERYTHINGTO,LIKEYOURDEEPESTFEELINGSANDTHOUGHTSORAREYOUAFRAIDTHATYOURFRIENDWOULDLAUGHATYOU,ORWOULDNOTUNDERSTANDWHATYOUAREGOINGTHROUGHANNEFRANKWANTEDTHEFIRSTKIND,SOSHEMADEHERBESTFRIENDANNELIVEDINAMSTERDAMINNETHERLANDSDURINGWOULDWARHERFAMILYWASJEWISHSOTHEYHADTOHIDEORTHEYWOULDBECAUGHTBYTHEGERMANNAZISHEANDHERFAMILYHIDAWAYFORNEARLYTWENTYFIVEMONTHSBEFORETHEYWEREDISCOVEREDDURINGTHATTIMETHEONLYTRUEFRIENDWASHERDIARYSHESAID,”IDONTWANTTOSETDOWNASERIESOFFACTSINADIARYASMOSTPEOPLEDO,BUTIWANTTHISDIARYITSELFTOBEMYFRIEND,ANDISHALLCALLMYFRIENDKITTY”NOWREADHOWSHEFELTAFTERBEINGINTHEHIDINGPLACESINCEJULY1942THURSDAY15THJUNE1944DEARKITTY,IWONDERIFITSBECAUSEIHAVENTBEENABLETOBEOUTDOORSFORSOLONGTHATIVEGROWNSOCRAZYABOUTEVERYTHINGTODOWITHNATUREICANWELLREMEMBERTHATTHEREWASATIMEWHENADEEPBLUESKY,THESONGOFTHEBIRDS,MOONLIGHTANDFLOWERSCOULDNEVERHAVEKEPTMESPELLBOUNDTHATSCHANGEDSINCEIWASHEREFOREXAMPLE,ONEEVENINGWHENITWASSOWARM,ISTAYEDAWAKEONPURPOSEUNTILHALFPASTELEVENINORDERTOHAVEAGOODLOOKATTHEMOONBYMYSELFBUTASTHEMOONGAVEFARTOOMUCHLIGHT,IDIDNTDAREOPENAWINDOWANOTHERTIMEFIVEMONTHSAGO,IHAPPENEDTOBEUPSTAIRSATDUSKWHENTHEWINDOWWASOPENIDIDNTGODOWNSTAIRSUNTILTHEWINDOWHADTOBESHUTTHEDARK,RAINYEVENING,THEWIND,THETHUNDERINGCLOUDSHELDMEENTIRELYINTHEIRPOWERITWASTHEFIRSTTIMEINAYEARANDAHALFTHATIDSEENTHENIGHTFACETOFACESADLYIAMONLYABLETOLOOKATNATURETHROUGHDIRTYCURTAINSHANGINGBEFOREVERYDUSTYWINDOWSITSNOPLEASURELOOKINGTHROUGHTHESEANYLONGERBECAUSENATUREISONETHINGTHATREALLYMUSTBEEXPERIENCEDYOUR,ANNEFRIDAY,10JULY1942WHENWEARRIVEDATPRINSENGRACHT,WEWENTQUICKLYUPSTAIRSANDTHEHIDINGPLACEWECLOSEDTHEDOORBEHINDUSANDWEWEREALONEMARGOTHADCOMEFASTERONHERBICYCLEANDALREADYWAITINGFORUSALLTHEROOMSWEREFULLOFBOXESTHEYLAYONTHEFLOORANDTHEBEDSTHELITTLEROOMWASFILLEDWITHBEDCLOTHESWEHADTOSTARTCLEARINGUPATONCE,IFWEWISHEDTOSLEEPINCOMFORTABLEBEDSTHATNIGHTMUMMYANDMARGOTWERENOTABLETOHELPTHEYWERETIREDANDLAYDOWNONTHEIRBEDSBUTDADDYANDI,THETWO“HELPER”OFTHEFAMILY,STARTEDATONCETHEWHOLEDAYWEUNPACKEDTHEBOXES,FILLEDTHECUPBOARDSANDTIDIED,UNTILWEWEREEXTREMELYTIREDWEDIDSLEEPINCLEANBEDSTHATNIGHTWEHADNTHADANYWARMFOODTOEATALLDAY,BUTWEDIDNTCAREMUMMYANDMARGOTWERETOOTIREDANDWORRIEDTOEAT,ANDDADDYANDIWERETOOBUSYFRIENDSHIPINHAWAIIEVERYCULTUREHASITSOWNWAYSTOSHOWFRIENDSHIPONTHEISLANDSOFHAWAII,FRIENDSHIPISPARTOFTHE“ALOHASPIRIT”INTHELANGUAGEOFTHEHAWAIIANSWHOFIRSTSETTLEDTHEISLANDSLONGAGO,ALOHAHADAVERYSPECIALMEANINGTHATIS“TOBEWITHHAPPINESS”HAWAIIANSBELIEVETHATONCESOMEBODYLOVESTHELAND,THEYAREREADYTOLOVETHEIRPEOPLEORCOMMUNITYTHISISTHESECONDMOSTIMPORTSIGNOFFRIENDSHIPITISCALLEDLOKAHIINHAWAIIANLANGUAGE,WHICHMEANS“ONENESSWITHALLPEOPLE”TOENJOYTHELANDYOUSHOULDNOTBESELFISHTHELANDISFOREVERYONEWHOLIVESONITTODAYMANYDIFFERENTPEOPLECALLHAWAIITHEIRHOMEINDEED,HAWAIIISAPLACEWHEREPEOPLEMAKEONEBIGCOMMUNITYFROMMANYSMALLERCOMMUNITIESEACHPERSONGIVESKOKUAHELPTOOTHERPEOPLESOTHATALLFELLSTRONGERITSBELIEVEDTHATTHEISLANDSCANBEAPARADISEWHENTHEPEOPLELIVEINPEACEPEOPLEARETOLDTHATTHEIRACTIONSSHOULDBEASGENTLEASTHEWINDTHATBLOWSFROMTHESEAWHENPROBLEMSHAPPEN,PEOPLEAREASKEDTOSOLVETHEMWITHUNDERSTANDINGSOWHENPEOPLEOFHAWAIITALKABOUTOHANAFAMILY,THEYAREREALLYTALKINGABOUTALLTHOSEWHOLIVEONTHEISLANDSLIVINGINPEACE,HAWAIIANSHAVEDEVELOPEDATHIRDSIGNOFFRIENDSHIPTHISPERSONALFRIENDSHIPISSHOWNBYGIVINGLEISTOONEANOTHERTHELIE,ASTRINGOFFLOWERS,ISPUTOVERAFRIENDSNECKTHENTHEFRIENDISGIVENAKISSONCHEEKVISITORSTOTHEISLANDSAREALSOGIVENLIESWHENTHEYHEARALOHA,VISITORSBEGINTOFEELATHOMEALOHAALSOMEANS“GOODBYE”,SOVISITORSWILLHEARITAGAINWHENTHEYLEAVEITCANALSOMEAN“OURHEARTSSINGINGTOGETHER”PERHAPSTHISISHOWMOSTVISITORSWILLREMEMBERTHEIRNEWFRIENDSHIPUNIT2THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHATTHEENDOFTHE16THCENTURY,ABOUTFIVETOSEVENMILLIONPEOPLESPOKEENGLISHNEARLYALLOFTHEMLIVEDINENGLANDLATERINTHENEXTCENTURY,PEOPLEFROMENGLANDMADEVOYAGESTOCONQUEROTHERPARTSOFTHEWORLDANDBECAUSEOFTHAT,ENGLISHBEGINTOBESPOKENINMANYOTHERCOUNTRIESTODAY,MOREPEOPLESPEAKENGLISHASTHEIRFIRST,SECONDORAFOREIGNLANGUAGETHANEVERBEFORENATIVEENGLISHSPEAKERSCANUNDERSTANDEACHOTHEREVENIFTHEYDONTSPEAKTHESAMEKINDOFENGLISHLOOKATTHISKINDOFEXAMPLEBRITISHBETTYWOULDYOULIKETOSEEMYFLATAMERICANAMYYESIDLIKETOCOMEUPTOYOURAPARTMENTSOWHYHASENGLISHCHANGEDOVERTIMEACTUALLYALLLANGUAGESCHANGEANDDEVELOPWHENCULTURESMEETANDCOMMUNICATEWITHEACHOTHERATFIRSTTHEENGLISHSPOKENINENGLANDBETWEENABOUTAD450AND1150WASVERYDIFFERENTTHEENGLISHSPOKENTODAYITWASBASEDMOREONGERMANTHANTHEENGLISHWESPEAKATPRESENTTHENGRADUALLYBETWEENABOUTAD800TO1150,ENGLISHBECAMELESSLIKEGERMENBECAUSETHOSEWHORULEDENGLANDSPOKEFIRSTDANISHANDLATERFRENCHTHESENEWSETTLERSENRICHEDTHEENGLISHLANGUAGEANDESPECIALLYITSVOCABULARYSOBYTHE1600SSHAKESPEAREWASABLETOMAKEUSEOFAWIDERVOCABULARYTHANEVERBEFOREIN1620SOMEBRITISHSETTLERSMOVEDTOAMERICANLATERINTHE18THCENTURYSOMEBRITISHPEOPLEWERETAKENTOAUSTRALIATOOENGLISHBEGANTOBESPOKENINBOTHCOUNTRIESFINALLYBYTHE19THCENTURYTHELANGUAGEWASSETTLEDATTHATTIMETWOBIGCHANGESINENGLISHSPELLINGHAPPENEDFIRSTSAMUELJOHNSONWROTEHISDICTIONARYANDLATERNOAHWEBSTERWROTETHEAMERICANDICTIONARYOFTHEENGLISHLANGUAGETHELATTERGAVEASEPARATEIDENTITYTOAMERICANENGLISHSPELLINGENGLISHNOWISALSOSPOKENASAFOREIGNORSECONDLANGUAGEINSOUTHASIAFOREXAMPLE,INDIAHASAVERYLARGENUMBEROFFLUENTENGLISHSPEAKERSBECAUSEBRITAINRULEDINDIAFROM1765TO1947DURINGTHATTIMEENGLISHBECAMETHELANGUAGEFORGOVERNMENTANDEDUCATIONENGLISHISALSOSPOKENINSINGAPOREANDMALAYSIAANDCOUNTRIESINAFRICASUCHASSOUTHAFRICATODAYTHENUMBEROFPEOPLELEARNINGENGLISHINCHINAISINCREASINGRAPIDLYINFACT,CHINAMAYHAVETHELARGESTNUMBEROFENGLISHLEARNERSWILLCHINESEENGLISHDEVELOPITSOWNIDENTITYONLYTIMEWILLTELLSTANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTSWHATISSTANDARDENGLISHISITSPOKENINBRITAIN,THEUS,CANADA,AUSTRALIA,INDIAANDNEWZEALANDBELIEVEITORNOT,THEREISNOSUCHTHINGASSTANDARDENGLISHMANYPEOPLEBELIEVETHEENGLISHSPOKENONTVANDTHERADIOISSTANDARDENGLISHTHISISBECAUSEINTHEEARLYDAYSOFRADIO,THOSEWHOREPORTEDTHENEWSWEREEXPECTEDTOSPEAKEXCELLENTENGLISHHOWEVER,ONTVANDTHERADIOYOUWILLHEARDIFFERENCESINTHEWAYPEOPLESPEAKWHENPEOPLEUSEWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSDIFFERENTFROMTHE“STANDARDLANGUAGE”,ITISCALLEDADIALECTAMERICANENGLISHHASMANYDIALECTS,ESPECIALLYTHEMIDWESTERN,SOUTHERN,AFRICANAMERICANANDSPANISHDIALECTSEVENINSOMEPARTSOFTHEUSA,TWOPEOPLEFROMNEIGHBOURINGTOWNSSPEAKALITTLEDIFFERENTLYAMERICANENGLISHHASSOMANYDIALECTSBECAUSEPEOPLEHAVECOMEFROMALLOVERTHEWORLDGEOGRAPHYALSOPLAYSAPARTINMAKINGDIALECTSSOMEPEOPLEWHOLIVEINTHEMOUNTAINSOFTHEEASTERNUSASPEAKWITHANOLDERKINDOFENGLISHDIALECTWHENAMERICANSMOVEDFROMONEPLACETOANOTHER,THEYTOOKTHEIRDIALECTSWITHTHEMSOPEOPLEFROMTHEMOUNTAINSINTHESOUTHEASTERNUSASPEAKWITHALMOSTTHESAMEDIALECTSASPEOPLEINTHENORTHWESTERNUSATHEUSAISALARGECOUNTRYINWHICHMANYDIFFERENTDIALECTSARESPOKENALTHOUGHMANYAMERICANSMOVEALOT,THEYSTILLRECOGNIZEANDUNDERSTANDEACHOTHERSDIALECTSTHEOXFORDENGLISHDICTIONARYYOUMAYTHINKTHATENGLISHDICTIONARIESHAVEBEENUSEDFORMANY,MANYCENTURIESTHESPELLINGOFENGLISHHASALWAYSBEENAPROBLEMBUTITWASMOREOFAPROBLEMINTHEDAYSBEFOREADICTIONARYTHENPEOPLECOULDSPELLWORDINDIFFERENTWAYSWHICHYOUMIGHTFINDITINTERESTINGBUTITMADEREADINGENGLISHMUCHMOREDIFFICULTSODICTIONARIESWEREINVENTEDTOENCOURAGEEVERYBODYTOSPELLTHESAMEINFACT,ANENGLISHDICTIONARYLIKETHEKINDYOUUSETODAYWASNTMADE必修一UNIT1ANNESBESTFRIENDDOYOUWANTAFRIENDWHOMYOUCOULDTELLEVERYTHINGTO,LIKEYOURDEEPESTFEELINGSANDTHOUGHTSORAREYOUAFRAIDTHATYOURFRIENDWOULDLAUGHATYOU,ORWOULDNOTUNDERSTANDWHATYOUAREGOINGTHROUGHANNEFRANKWANTEDTHEFIRSTKIND,SOSHEMADEHERBESTFRIENDANNELIVEDINAMSTERDAMINNETHERLANDSDURINGWOULDWARHERFAMILYWASJEWISHSOTHEYHADTOHIDEORTHEYWOULDBECAUGHTBYTHEGERMANNAZISHEANDHERFAMILYHIDAWAYFORNEARLYTWENTYFIVEMONTHSBEFORETHEYWEREDISCOVEREDDURINGTHATTIMETHEONLYTRUEFRIENDWASHERDIARYSHESAID,”IDONTWANTTOSETDOWNASERIESOFFACTSINADIARYASMOSTPEOPLEDO,BUTIWANTTHISDIARYITSELFTOBEMYFRIEND,ANDISHALLCALLMYFRIENDKITTY”NOWREADHOWSHEFELTAFTERBEINGINTHEHIDINGPLACESINCEJULY1942THURSDAY15THJUNE1944DEARKITTY,IWONDERIFITSBECAUSEIHAVENTBEENABLETOBEOUTDOORSFORSOLONGTHATIVEGROWNSOCRAZYABOUTEVERYTHINGTODOWITHNATUREICANWELLREMEMBERTHATTHEREWASATIMEWHENADEEPBLUESKY,THESONGOFTHEBIRDS,MOONLIGHTANDFLOWERSCOULDNEVERHAVEKEPTMESPELLBOUNDTHATSCHANGEDSINCEIWASHEREFOREXAMPLE,ONEEVENINGWHENITWASSOWARM,ISTAYEDAWAKEONPURPOSEUNTILHALFPASTELEVENINORDERTOHAVEAGOODLOOKATTHEMOONBYMYSELFBUTASTHEMOONGAVEFARTOOMUCHLIGHT,IDIDNTDAREOPENAWINDOWANOTHERTIMEFIVEMONTHSAGO,IHAPPENEDTOBEUPSTAIRSATDUSKWHENTHEWINDOWWASOPENIDIDNTGODOWNSTAIRSUNTILTHEWINDOWHADTOBESHUTTHEDARK,RAINYEVENING,THEWIND,THETHUNDERINGCLOUDSHELDMEENTIRELYINTHEIRPOWERITWASTHEFIRSTTIMEINAYEARANDAHALFTHATIDSEENTHENIGHTFACETOFACESADLYIAMONLYABLETOLOOKATNATURETHROUGHDIRTYCURTAINSHANGINGBEFOREVERYDUSTYWINDOWSITSNOPLEASURELOOKINGTHROUGHTHESEANYLONGERBECAUSENATUREISONETHINGTHATREALLYMUSTBEEXPERIENCEDYOUR,ANNEFRIDAY,10JULY1942WHENWEARRIVEDATPRINSENGRACHT,WEWENTQUICKLYUPSTAIRSANDTHEHIDINGPLACEWECLOSEDTHEDOORBEHINDUSANDWEWEREALONEMARGOTHADCOMEFASTERONHERBICYCLEANDALREADYWAITINGFORUSALLTHEROOMSWEREFULLOFBOXESTHEYLAYONTHEFLOORANDTHEBEDSTHELITTLEROOMWASFILLEDWITHBEDCLOTHESWEHADTOSTARTCLEARINGUPATONCE,IFWEWISHEDTOSLEEPINCOMFORTABLEBEDSTHATNIGHTMUMMYANDMARGOTWERENOTABLETOHELPTHEYWERETIREDANDLAYDOWNONTHEIRBEDSBUTDADDYANDI,THETWO“HELPER”OFTHEFAMILY,STARTEDATONCETHEWHOLEDAYWEUNPACKEDTHEBOXES,FILLEDTHECUPBOARDSANDTIDIED,UNTILWEWEREEXTREMELYTIREDWEDIDSLEEPINCLEANBEDSTHATNIGHTWEHADNTHADANYWARMFOODTOEATALLDAY,BUTWEDIDNTCAREMUMMYANDMARGOTWERETOOTIREDANDWORRIEDTOEAT,ANDDADDYANDIWERETOOBUSYFRIENDSHIPINHAWAIIEVERYCULTUREHASITSOWNWAYSTOSHOWFRIENDSHIPONTHEISLANDSOFHAWAII,FRIENDSHIPISPARTOFTHE“ALOHASPIRIT”INTHELANGUAGEOFTHEHAWAIIANSWHOFIRSTSETTLEDTHEISLANDSLONGAGO,ALOHAHADAVERYSPECIALMEANINGTHATIS“TOBEWITHHAPPINESS”HAWAIIANSBELIEVETHATONCESOMEBODYLOVESTHELAND,THEYAREREADYTOLOVETHEIRPEOPLEORCOMMUNITYTHISISTHESECONDMOSTIMPORTSIGNOFFRIENDSHIPITISCALLEDLOKAHIINHAWAIIANLANGUAGE,WHICHMEANS“ONENESSWITHALLPEOPLE”TOENJOYTHELANDYOUSHOULDNOTBESELFISHTHELANDISFOREVERYONEWHOLIVESONITTODAYMANYDIFFERENTPEOPLECALLHAWAIITHEIRHOMEINDEED,HAWAIIISAPLACEWHEREPEOPLEMAKEONEBIGCOMMUNITYFROMMANYSMALLERCOMMUNITIESEACHPERSONGIVESKOKUAHELPTOOTHERPEOPLESOTHATALLFELLSTRONGERITSBELIEVEDTHATTHEISLANDSCANBEAPARADISEWHENTHEPEOPLELIVEINPEACEPEOPLEARETOLDTHATTHEIRACTIONSSHOULDBEASGENTLEASTHEWINDTHATBLOWSFROMTHESEAWHENPROBLEMSHAPPEN,PEOPLEAREASKEDTOSOLVETHEMWITHUNDERSTANDINGSOWHENPEOPLEOFHAWAIITALKABOUTOHANAFAMILY,THEYAREREALLYTALKINGABOUTALLTHOSEWHOLIVEONTHEISLANDSLIVINGINPEACE,HAWAIIANSHAVEDEVELOPEDATHIRDSIGNOFFRIENDSHIPTHISPERSONALFRIENDSHIPISSHOWNBYGIVINGLEISTOONEANOTHERTHELIE,ASTRINGOFFLOWERS,ISPUTOVERAFRIENDSNECKTHENTHEFRIENDISGIVENAKISSONCHEEKVISITORSTOTHEISLANDSAREALSOGIVENLIESWHENTHEYHEARALOHA,VISITORSBEGINTOFEELATHOMEALOHAALSOMEANS“GOODBYE”,SOVISITORSWILLHEARITAGAINWHENTHEYLEAVEITCANALSOMEAN“OURHEARTSSINGINGTOGETHER”PERHAPSTHISISHOWMOSTVISITORSWILLREMEMBERTHEIRNEWFRIENDSHIPUNIT2THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHATTHEENDOFTHE16THCENTURY,ABOUTFIVETOSEVENMILLIONPEOPLESPOKEENGLISHNEARLYALLOFTHEMLIVEDINENGLANDLATERINTHENEXTCENTURY,PEOPLEFROMENGLANDMADEVOYAGESTOCONQUEROTHERPARTSOFTHEWORLDANDBECAUSEOFTHAT,ENGLISHBEGINTOBESPOKENINMANYOTHERCOUNTRIESTODAY,MOREPEOPLESPEAKENGLISHASTHEIRFIRST,SECONDORAFOREIGNLANGUAGETHANEVERBEFORENATIVEENGLISHSPEAKERSCANUNDERSTANDEACHOTHEREVENIFTHEYDONTSPEAKTHESAMEKINDOFENGLISHLOOKATTHISKINDOFEXAMPLEBRITISHBETTYWOULDYOULIKETOSEEMYFLATAMERICANAMYYESIDLIKETOCOMEUPTOYOURAPARTMENTSOWHYHASENGLISHCHANGEDOVERTIMEACTUALLYALLLANGUAGESCHANGEANDDEVELOPWHENCULTURESMEETANDCOMMUNICATEWITHEACHOTHERATFIRSTTHEENGLISHSPOKENINENGLANDBETWEENABOUTAD450AND1150WASVERYDIFFERENTTHEENGLISHSPOKENTODAYITWASBASEDMOREONGERMANTHANTHEENGLISHWESPEAKATPRESENTTHENGRADUALLYBETWEENABOUTAD800TO1150,ENGLISHBECAMELESSLIKEGERMENBECAUSETHOSEWHORULEDENGLANDSPOKEFIRSTDANISHANDLATERFRENCHTHESENEWSETTLERSENRICHEDTHEENGLISHLANGUAGEANDESPECIALLYITSVOCABULARYSOBYTHE1600SSHAKESPEAREWASABLETOMAKEUSEOFAWIDERVOCABULARYTHANEVERBEFOREIN1620SOMEBRITISHSETTLERSMOVEDTOAMERICANLATERINTHE18THCENTURYSOMEBRITISHPEOPLEWERETAKENTOAUSTRALIATOOENGLISHBEGANTOBESPOKENINBOTHCOUNTRIESFINALLYBYTHE19THCENTURYTHELANGUAGEWASSETTLEDATTHATTIMETWOBIGCHANGESINENGLISHSPELLINGHAPPENEDFIRSTSAMUELJOHNSONWROTEHISDICTIONARYANDLATERNOAHWEBSTERWROTETHEAMERICANDICTIONARYOFTHEENGLISHLANGUAGETHELATTERGAVEASEPARATEIDENTITYTOAMERICANENGLISHSPELLINGENGLISHNOWISALSOSPOKENASAFOREIGNORSECONDLANGUAGEINSOUTHASIAFOREXAMPLE,INDIAHASAVERYLARGENUMBEROFFLUENTENGLISHSPEAKERSBECAUSEBRITAINRULEDINDIAFROM1765TO1947DURINGTHATTIMEENGLISHBECAMETHELANGUAGEFORGOVERNMENTANDEDUCATIONENGLISHISALSOSPOKENINSINGAPOREANDMALAYSIAANDCOUNTRIESINAFRICASUCHASSOUTHAFRICATODAYTHENUMBEROFPEOPLELEARNINGENGLISHINCHINAISINCREASINGRAPIDLYINFACT,CHINAMAYHAVETHELARGESTNUMBEROFENGLISHLEARNERSWILLCHINESEENGLISHDEVELOPITSOWNIDENTITYONLYTIMEWILLTELLSTANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTSWHATISSTANDARDENGLISHISITSPOKENINBRITAIN,THEUS,CANADA,AUSTRALIA,INDIAANDNEWZEALANDBELIEVEITORNOT,THEREISNOSUCHTHINGASSTANDARDENGLISHMANYPEOPLEBELIEVETHEENGLISHSPOKENONTVANDTHERADIOISSTANDARDENGLISHTHISISBECAUSEINTHEEARLYDAYSOFRADIO,THOSEWHOREPORTEDTHENEWSWEREEXPECTEDTOSPEAKEXCELLENTENGLISHHOWEVER,ONTVANDTHERADIOYOUWILLHEARDIFFERENCESINTHEWAYPEOPLESPEAKWHENPEOPLEUSEWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSDIFFERENTFROMTHE“STANDARDLANGUAGE”,ITISCALLEDADIALECTAMERICANENGLISHHASMANYDIALECTS,ESPECIALLYTHEMIDWESTERN,SOUTHERN,AFRICANAMERICANANDSPANISHDIALECTSEVENINSOMEPARTSOFTHEUSA,TWOPEOPLEFROMNEIGHBOURINGTOWNSSPEAKALITTLEDIFFERENTLYAMERICANENGLISHHASSOMANYDIALECTSBECAUSEPEOPLEHAVECOMEFROMALLOVERTHEWORLDGEOGRAPHYALSOPLAYSAPARTINMAKINGDIALECTSSOMEPEOPLEWHOLIVEINTHEMOUNTAINSOFTHEEASTERNUSASPEAKWITHANOLDERKINDOFENGLISHDIALECTWHENAMERICANSMOVEDFROMONEPLACETOANOTHER,THEYTOOKTHEIRDIALECTSWITHTHEMSOPEOPLEFROMTHEMOUNTAINSINTHESOUTHEASTERNUSASPEAKWITHALMOSTTHESAMEDIALECTSASPEOPLEINTHENORTHWESTERNUSATHEUSAISALARGECOUNTRYINWHICHMANYDIFFERENTDIALECTSARESPOKENALTHOUGHMANYAMERICANSMOVEALOT,THEYSTILLRECOGNIZEANDUNDERSTANDEACHOTHERSDIALECTSTHEOXFORDENGLISHDICTIONARYYOUMAYTHINKTHATENGLISHDICTIONARIESHAVEBEENUSEDFORMANY,MANYCENTURIESTHESPELLINGOFENGLISHHASALWAYSBEENAPROBLEMBUTITWASMOREOFAPROBLEMINTHEDAYSBEFOREADICTIONARYTHENPEOPLECOULDSPELLWORDINDIFFERENTWAYSWHICHYOUMIGHTFINDITINTERESTINGBUTITMADEREADINGENGLISHMUCHMOREDIFFICULTSODICTIONARIESWEREINVENTEDTOENCOURAGEEVERYBODYTOSPELLTHESAMEINFACT,ANENGLISHDICTIONARYLIKETHEKINDYOUUSETODAYWASNTMADEGMP知识企业员工培训教材第一部分我们的使命第一章健康、疾病与药品在我们日常生活中，当身体出现发烧、头痛、鼻塞等症状时，说明我们生病了，身体不再健康，受到了疾病的困扰，必须采取办法治疗疾病。俗语说得好“生病吃药，药到病除，”所以，治疗疾病的办法就是对症下药，恢复身体健康。辞海对健康（HEALTH）的定义人体各器官系统发育良好、功能正常、体质健壮、精力充沛，并具有健全的身心和社会适应能力的状态。通常用人体测量、体格检查和各种心理和生理指标来衡量。辞海对疾病（DISEASE）的定义指人体在一定条件下，由致病因素所引起的一种复杂而有一定表现形式的病理过程。此时，在不同程度上，人体正常生理过程遭到破坏，表现为对外环境变化的适应能力降低、劳动能力受到限制或丧失，并出现一系列临床症状。疾病是致病因素对人体的损害和人体对抗这些损害的防御、代偿等作用的矛盾。这一矛盾的双方，在整个疾病过程中不断进行斗争，直到疾病痊愈或人体死亡时才告终结。由此可见，药品在维护我们的身体健康中起着不可替代的作用。我们的身体一旦受到疾病的侵扰，譬如感冒、腹泻、发烧等，小到身体不适，大到身体重大疾患，都必须使用药品予以调节或治疗，才能恢复健康。大家想想，如果没有药品，当受到病患的侵扰时，我们将无力与疾病抗争，任由病魔肆虐，疾病将夺去我们的健康甚至生命。因此，健康离不开药品，我们的生活离不开药品。第二章认识药品我们知道了药品可以治疗各种疾病，挽救生命，那么什么是药品呢从现在开始，我们就来认识药品。根据中华人民共和国药品管理法第一百零二条关于药品的定义药品是指用于预防、治疗、诊断人的疾病，有目的地调节人的生理机能并规定有适应症、用法和用量的物质，包括中药材、中药饮片、中成药、化学原料药及其制剂、抗生素、生化药品、放射性药品、血清疫苗、血液制品和论断药品等。必修一UNIT1ANNESBESTFRIENDDOYOUWANTAFRIENDWHOMYOUCOULDTELLEVERYTHINGTO,LIKEYOURDEEPESTFEELINGSANDTHOUGHTSORAREYOUAFRAIDTHATYOURFRIENDWOULDLAUGHATYOU,ORWOULDNOTUNDERSTANDWHATYOUAREGOINGTHROUGHANNEFRANKWANTEDTHEFIRSTKIND,SOSHEMADEHERBESTFRIENDANNELIVEDINAMSTERDAMINNETHERLANDSDURINGWOULDWARHERFAMILYWASJEWISHSOTHEYHADTOHIDEORTHEYWOULDBECAUGHTBYTHEGERMANNAZISHEANDHERFAMILYHIDAWAYFORNEARLYTWENTYFIVEMONTHSBEFORETHEYWEREDISCOVEREDDURINGTHATTIMETHEONLYTRUEFRIENDWASHERDIARYSHESAID,”IDONTWANTTOSETDOWNASERIESOFFACTSINADIARYASMOSTPEOPLEDO,BUTIWANTTHISDIARYITSELFTOBEMYFRIEND,ANDISHALLCALLMYFRIENDKITTY”NOWREADHOWSHEFELTAFTERBEINGINTHEHIDINGPLACESINCEJULY1942THURSDAY15THJUNE1944DEARKITTY,IWONDERIFITSBECAUSEIHAVENTBEENABLETOBEOUTDOORSFORSOLONGTHATIVEGROWNSOCRAZYABOUTEVERYTHINGTODOWITHNATUREICANWELLREMEMBERTHATTHEREWASATIMEWHENADEEPBLUESKY,THESONGOFTHEBIRDS,MOONLIGHTANDFLOWERSCOULDNEVERHAVEKEPTMESPELLBOUNDTHATSCHANGEDSINCEIWASHEREFOREXAMPLE,ONEEVENINGWHENITWASSOWARM,ISTAYEDAWAKEONPURPOSEUNTILHALFPASTELEVENINORDERTOHAVEAGOODLOOKATTHEMOONBYMYSELFBUTASTHEMOONGAVEFARTOOMUCHLIGHT,IDIDNTDAREOPENAWINDOWANOTHERTIMEFIVEMONTHSAGO,IHAPPENEDTOBEUPSTAIRSATDUSKWHENTHEWINDOWWASOPENIDIDNTGODOWNSTAIRSUNTILTHEWINDOWHADTOBESHUTTHEDARK,RAINYEVENING,THEWIND,THETHUNDERINGCLOUDSHELDMEENTIRELYINTHEIRPOWERITWASTHEFIRSTTIMEINAYEARANDAHALFTHATIDSEENTHENIGHTFACETOFACESADLYIAMONLYABLETOLOOKATNATURETHROUGHDIRTYCURTAINSHANGINGBEFOREVERYDUSTYWINDOWSITSNOPLEASURELOOKINGTHROUGHTHESEANYLONGERBECAUSENATUREISONETHINGTHATREALLYMUSTBEEXPERIENCEDYOUR,ANNEFRIDAY,10JULY1942WHENWEARRIVEDATPRINSENGRACHT,WEWENTQUICKLYUPSTAIRSANDTHEHIDINGPLACEWECLOSEDTHEDOORBEHINDUSANDWEWEREALONEMARGOTHADCOMEFASTERONHERBICYCLEANDALREADYWAITINGFORUSALLTHEROOMSWEREFULLOFBOXESTHEYLAYONTHEFLOORANDTHEBEDSTHELITTLEROOMWASFILLEDWITHBEDCLOTHESWEHADTOSTARTCLEARINGUPATONCE,IFWEWISHEDTOSLEEPINCOMFORTABLEBEDSTHATNIGHTMUMMYANDMARGOTWERENOTABLETOHELPTHEYWERETIREDANDLAYDOWNONTHEIRBEDSBUTDADDYANDI,THETWO“HELPER”OFTHEFAMILY,STARTEDATONCETHEWHOLEDAYWEUNPACKEDTHEBOXES,FILLEDTHECUPBOARDSANDTIDIED,UNTILWEWEREEXTREMELYTIREDWEDIDSLEEPINCLEANBEDSTHATNIGHTWEHADNTHADANYWARMFOODTOEATALLDAY,BUTWEDIDNTCAREMUMMYANDMARGOTWERETOOTIREDANDWORRIEDTOEAT,ANDDADDYANDIWERETOOBUSYFRIENDSHIPINHAWAIIEVERYCULTUREHASITSOWNWAYSTOSHOWFRIENDSHIPONTHEISLANDSOFHAWAII,FRIENDSHIPISPARTOFTHE“ALOHASPIRIT”INTHELANGUAGEOFTHEHAWAIIANSWHOFIRSTSETTLEDTHEISLANDSLONGAGO,ALOHAHADAVERYSPECIALMEANINGTHATIS“TOBEWITHHAPPINESS”HAWAIIANSBELIEVETHATONCESOMEBODYLOVESTHELAND,THEYAREREADYTOLOVETHEIRPEOPLEORCOMMUNITYTHISISTHESECONDMOSTIMPORTSIGNOFFRIENDSHIPITISCALLEDLOKAHIINHAWAIIANLANGUAGE,WHICHMEANS“ONENESSWITHALLPEOPLE”TOENJOYTHELANDYOUSHOULDNOTBESELFISHTHELANDISFOREVERYONEWHOLIVESONITTODAYMANYDIFFERENTPEOPLECALLHAWAIITHEIRHOMEINDEED,HAWAIIISAPLACEWHEREPEOPLEMAKEONEBIGCOMMUNITYFROMMANYSMALLERCOMMUNITIESEACHPERSONGIVESKOKUAHELPTOOTHERPEOPLESOTHATALLFELLSTRONGERITSBELIEVEDTHATTHEISLANDSCANBEAPARADISEWHENTHEPEOPLELIVEINPEACEPEOPLEARETOLDTHATTHEIRACTIONSSHOULDBEASGENTLEASTHEWINDTHATBLOWSFROMTHESEAWHENPROBLEMSHAPPEN,PEOPLEAREASKEDTOSOLVETHEMWITHUNDERSTANDINGSOWHENPEOPLEOFHAWAIITALKABOUTOHANAFAMILY,THEYAREREALLYTALKINGABOUTALLTHOSEWHOLIVEONTHEISLANDSLIV