英美文学之英国文学总结表

History of English Literature Historical periodLiteraryPeriodRepresentative writersRepresentative worksSignificance中世纪文学和文艺复兴时期（5世纪-17世纪）Old English 古英语文学(410-1066)Anglo-Saxon(poetry)Beowulf贝奥武甫The national epic of the English people.Medieval England(1066-1400)中世纪(The Wars of Roses, Founding of the Tudor Dynasty)Medieval / Middle English(poetry, romance and ballad)Geoffrey Chaucer 英雄诗歌之父14thCanterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集(1stmasterpiece), The House of Fame声誉之堂, Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德, The parliament of fowls.The founder / father of English poetry, and the earliest forerunner of realism. Create the Heroic Couplet英雄诗行The Arthurian legends:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士RomanceKnights adventure and loveRobin Hood Ballads:Lytell Geste of Robin Hood罗宾汉英雄事迹小唱The Pre-Elizabethan and Elizabethan Ages (1400-1603) (The Reformation and the Enclosure Movement )Renaissance (Humanism)(Poetry and drama)以人为本Thomas More莫尔UtopiaThe forerunner of modern socialist thought.Edmund Spenser斯宾塞16thThe Faerie Queene仙后He has great influences on all the later poets. (Spenserian stanza/sonnet斯宾塞诗体-9行)Christopher Marlowe马洛Tamburlaine 铁木耳传Dr. Faustus浮士德悲剧 The Jew of Malta 马尔他岛的犹太人The greatest pioneer of English drama. He reformed the English drama by adopting blank verse素体诗 as the principal form.William ShakespeareTragedies: Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet.(The summit of his plays: H.) Comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth NightHistories：Henry , King JohnDramatic Romance传奇剧：The Tempest暴风雨One of the founders of realism in world literature; the summit of the English Renaissance; fist-rank writer the world over. SonnetBen Johnson讽刺喜剧：Volpone狐狸、The Alchemist炼金术师、Every Man in His Humor人人高兴抨击当时社会追逐金钱风气Francis BaconEssays; New Atlantic; The Proficience and Adventure of LearningThe first English Essayist; founder of modern science in England (materialist philosophy).Revolution and Restoration(the 17th century) (English Bourgeois Revolution, the Restoration, and the “Glorious Revolution”)Revolution and Restoration(two literary camps)(Poetry: Puritan, Cavalier, Metaphysical.)John Milton 17thLycidas; Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes力士参孙; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense SecundaHe wrote the greatest epic in literature - .He was the first to use blank verse in non-dramatic works.He ranks with Shakespeare as two patterns of English verse.John Bunyan班扬Pilgrims Progress天路历程;The Life and Death of Mr. Badman.John Donne邓恩“The Sun Rising” “Death, Be Not Proud” “Song”“The Flea” Representative of the “metaphysical poets.”玄学派诗人（Andrew Marvell, George Herbert）John Dryden德莱顿(Restoration)“An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”Forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century.英国戏剧史上戏剧评论鼻祖新古典主义和浪漫主义时期（18世纪初-19世纪初）18th Century(The Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment)18世纪-散文世纪Enlightenment(Classicism, Realism, Pre-romanticism and Sentimentalism) (Novel, prose and poetry) 新古典主义neoclassicism：推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美和和谐Alexander Pope蒲柏The Rape of the LockAn Essay on CriticismEssay on Mantranslation of IliadThe most important representative of the English classical poetry.Richard Steele/ Joseph Addison创办刊物：Tatler 闲谈者Spectator观察者Jonathan SwiftGuillivers Travels； A Modest Proposal; The Battles of Books最伟大的讽刺散文作家Guillivers Travels, selfish and sick bestiality of humanity on the guise of so-called Yahoos and HouyhnhnmsSamuel JohnsonThe Perface to Shakespeare; Lives of the PoetsA Dictionary of the English Language 英语词典（第一部标准辞书）18世纪人文主义文学批评巨擎Daniel Defoe笛福Robinson CrusoeMoll FlandersThe Father of English Novel.英国小说之父Henry FieldingTom Jones; The Founder of the English Realist Novel.Samuel RichardsonPamela; Clarisa; The History of Sir Charles GrandisonTobias SmollettHumphry Clinker; Rodrick Random.Laurence Sterne(sentimentalist)Tristram Shandy项狄传世界文学中最典型的小说(the most typical work in English literature)突破传统小说Richard Brinsley SheridanThe School for Scandal(the best English comedy since Shakespeare)Sentimentalist18世纪中叶，发生工业革命，以大自然和情感为主题的感伤主义Oliver GoldsmithThe Deserted Village荒村The Vicar of Wakefield(poet, novelist, dramatist and essayist combined in one person)James ThomsonThe Seasons四季歌William CollinsOde to Evening黄昏颂Thomas GrayElegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园哀歌(a model of sentimentalist poetry)Late 18th to mid-19th century (the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution)The Romantic Period(1798 publication of L B-1832 death of W. S.)(Romanticism)(Poetry)The Lakers/Lake Poets湖畔诗人- William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Burns, William WordsworthActive/Revolutionary Romantic poets革命诗人- George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John KeatsWilliam Blake【Songs of Innocence and Experience】; “The Tyger” “The Lamb” “London” “The Chimney Sweeper”.Forerunners of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century.(R. B: The national poet of Scotland; a poet of the peasants.)Robert BurnsPoems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect; 【“A Red, Red Rose”. Auld Lang Syne友谊天长地久】浪漫主义起始于苏格兰农民诗人的这两首代表作William WordsworthLyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集; “Lucy Poems”; The Prelude. The Excursion远足“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”好诗是强烈感情的自然流溢Representatives of the “Lake poets” / elder generation of / escapist romanticists, and their joint work marked the beginning of the Romantic period.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治Lyrical Ballads; “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏”; “Kubla Khan”. ChristabelGeorge Gordon ByronChilde Harolds Pilgrimage; Don JuanThey are the best representatives of Romantic literature all around the world, and the well-known brilliant trio of active / revolutionary romanticists in England. The influences of their work on world literature are immense.Percy Bysshe ShelleyPrometheus Unbound; “Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark”; A Defence of Poetry. Adonais(the elegy for John Keats)John KeatsThe Eve of St. Agnes; “Ode on a Grecian Urn”; “Ode to a Nightingale”; “To Autumn”.Charles LambTales from Shakespeare Specimens of English Dramatic Poets; Essay of EliaThe best representative of the “familiar essay”.小品文随笔Walter Scott司各特The Lady of the Lake; Marmion; The Lay of the Last Minstrel; Waverley; Rob RoyThe founder and great master of English historical novel.William HazlittCharacters of Shakespeares PlaysFamous for his literary criticism维多利亚时期 19世纪初-20世纪初Victorian Age (1837-1901)(The Chartist Movement, the Boer War, Capitalist colonization)(Critical Realism Novel and Poetry)Robert BrowningDramatic Romances and Lyrics, Men and Women, Pippa Passes, The Ring and the Book, Dramatic Lyrics /Sonnets from the PortugueseRepresentative poets of Victorian Age(R.B. is famous for his mastery of dramatic monologue)M.A. is an important literary critic.Alfred TennysonIn Memoriam悼念，The Idylls of the KingMatthew ArnoldStanzas from the Grand Chartreuse写于雄伟的卡尔特寺院的诗章, Essays in CriticismWalter ScottThe Heart of Midlothian密德罗西恩监狱， Ivanhoe艾凡赫开创小说的新世纪Jane AustenPride and Prejudice; Sense and Sensibility; Emma; Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园; Persuasion; Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺Gifted women novelists of the age who made such great contribution to the development of the English novel that they won their places in the first ranks of the brilliant realists.Charlotte/Emily/ Anne BronteJane Eyre /Wuthering Height/ Agnes GreyGeorge Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)Adam Bede; Silas Marner, The Mill on the Floss, MiddlemarchCharles DickensThe Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club; Oliver Twist; David Copperfield; A Tale of Two Cities; Great Expectation, Bleak HouseThe greatest English critical realist of the time.William Makepeac ThackerayVanity Fair名利场The History of Henry EsmondThomas HardyTess of the DUrbervilles, The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Jude the ObscureWilliam Somerset Maugham毛姆Of Human Bondage人性的枷锁E.M. FosterHowards End, A Passage to India, A Room with a ViewJoseph Conrad Heart of Darkness以海外扩张为主题小说Rudyard KiplingJimGeorge Bernard Shaw萧伯纳Pygmalion皮革马利翁，Saint Joan圣女贞德Mrs. Warrens Profession华伦夫人的职业，Men and Supermen, Back to MethuselahG.B.S and O.W are the milestones on the resurrection of English dramaEnormous satirical skill the sickness and fatuities of individuals and societiesOscar Wilde王尔德The Importance of Being Earnest (drama); An Ideal Husband; A Woman of No Importance无足轻重的女人The Picture of Dorian Gray (novel)Representative of the Aesthetic movement in England, advocating “Art for arts sake”.Herbert George WellsThe Time MachineThe first Science FictionJohn GalsworthyThe Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家诺贝尔奖得主，以批判的眼光揭示了资产阶级的家庭社会关系The 20th centuryNovelHenry JamesDaisy Miller; The portrait of a LadyA forerunner of the “stream of consciousness” literature.D. H. LawrenceSons and Lovers; Women in Love; Lady Chatterleys Lover, The Rainbow，The Plumed Serpent将社会批评与性心理探索结合，猛烈抨击资本主义工业文明Writing under the influence of Freuds theory of psychological analysis, he is one of the pioneers of modern psychological fiction.Virginia WoolfThe Waves; Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse，OralandoRepresentative female writer of the period.集中体现了意识流小说的成功stream-of-consciousnessJames Joyce(Irish writer)A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; Ulysses (a modern prose epic), Finnegans Wake, DublinersOne of the most original novelists of the 20th century, whose work shows a unique combination of realism, the “stream of consciousness” and symbolism.George OrwellAnimal Farm政治寓言小说1984A famous satirist, 表现出强烈的社会责任心和对极权主义威胁的忧虑William GoldingLord of the Flies探讨人性的善恶，暴露任性丑恶的寓言,1983Nobel PrizeJohn FowelsThe French