Unit3Grammar.ppt

Welcome,Unit3,Grammar,Theverb-edform,Canyoutellthefunctionoftheverb-inginthefollowingsentences?,Theteachersencouragingwordsmadeallthestudentsregainconfidence.,Thestoryhetolduswasveryexciting.,Iwatchedtheathletesjumpingfromthedivingboardintotheswimmingpool.,theattribute,thepredicative,objectcomplement,Averb-edformcanalsoserveasattribute,predicativeandobjectcomplement.Whentheverb-edformisusedasanattribute,itcanbechangedintoanattributeclause.Nowpleasetelltheuseoftheverb-edforminthefollowingsentences.,Idontlikecannedfood;Iprefersomethingfresh.,2.Chinahasnotimetolosetocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesintheworld.,3.Themandeliveringmailstomyofficeeverydayisaretiredworker.,Theverb-edformsinthesesentencesareallusedastheattribute.Andaverb-edcanappearafteranountomodifythenounlikeanattributiveclausedoes.,Canyouchangethefollowingattributiveclausesintoverb-edform?,(1)Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled.,Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.,(2)Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce,Theytooktheinjuredwomantothenearbyhospitalatonce.,(3)Thekidnapperswereusingacarwhichwasstolen.,Thekidnapperswereusingastolencar.,(4)Thedark-hairedmanwentintotheroom.,Themanwhowasdark-hairedwentintotheroom.,(5)Thenamewhichwasmentionedintheletterwasunknowntome.,Thenamementionedintheletterwasknowntome.,(6)Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthefire.,Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.,(1)Edisonbecameinterestedinsciencewhenhewasveryyoung.,(2)Thelittleboywasveryexcitedwhenheheardthathecouldgototheparty.,Lookatthefollowingsentences:,Theverb-edformsinterestedandexcitedinthetwosentencesareusedaspredicatives.Theyfollowlinkverbs.,Thecakewasleftuntouchedonthetable.Thegirllaytrappedunderthewreckage.,Inthesesentences,theverb-edformsareusedasadverbs.,Hetriedtomakehimselfunderstoodbyhisstudentsinclass.(2)Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.,Theverb-edformsareusedastheobjectcomplementsinthesentences.,Theverb-edformcanexpressdifferentmeanings,thatis,thepassiveandthepastmeaning.Forexample:,Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.=Englishisalanguagewhichisusedwidely.,thepassive,Healwayswearsthickglassesandholdsabookinhishand,whichmakeshisneighboursthinkheisawell-educatedman.=Healwayswearsthickglassesandholdsabookinhishand,whichmakeshisneighboursthinkheisamanwhoiswell-educated.,Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaveswhenautumnwindblows.=Thegroundiscoveredwithleaveswhichhavefallenwhenautumnwindblows.,SomecountriesliketheUSAandJapanaredevelopedcountries.=SomecountriesliketheUSAandJapanarecountrieswhichhavedeveloped.,past,Averb-edcanbeusedafterverbslikestand,sitandlietoshowthatthetwoactionsarehappeningatthesametime.,Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.=Thegirllayinbedandwaslostinthought.,Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.=Theboysatatthetableandwasburiedinhishomework.,Averb-edphraseisactuallyaverb-edfollowedbyanobjectand/oradverbial.Verb-edphrasesespeciallythepassiveonescanbeusedtoexpressthetime,thereasonandthecondition.,Canyourewritethefollowingsentences,usingclausesintroducedbywhen,once,because,if,unless?,Frightenedbythescene,thegirldidnotdaregooutalone.,Becauseshewasfrightenedbythescene,thegirldidnotdaregooutalone.,(2)Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.,Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.,(3)Unlessinvited,Iwillnotgototheparty.,UnlessIaminvited,Iwillnotgototheparty.,(4)Givenanotherfivedays,Icouldfinishitintime.,IfIwasgivenanotherfivedays,Icouldfinishitintime.,(5)Lostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.,Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.,(6)Whentoldthenews,hecouldnthelpcrying.,Whenhewastoldthenews,hecouldnthelpcrying.,NOTE:,过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致.,Thedifferencesbetweenverb-edformsandtheverb-ingforms:,(1)作状语：分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致的情况下，如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词，否则用现在分词。分词短语也可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。分词作状语可以相当于一个状语从句。现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。注意比较下面的句子：,Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.,=Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.=Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.,Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.,=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.,Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,beingexhausted.(误),Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,exhausted.（正）,Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.,独立主格机构,(2)作表语：一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说，-ed形式常和人有关，-ing形式常和物有关。look,expression等词作主语时常用-ed形式作表语，但有时要看具体情况。请在下面的几组句中体会他们的区别。,Thenewswasveryexciting.Thebookisinteresting.Thequestionispuzzling.Hisexpressionwasfrightening.,Iwasexcitedatit.Heisinterestedinit.Hislookispuzzled.Iwasfrightened.,delighting令人高兴的disappointing令人失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的satisfying令人满意的,delighted感到高兴的disappointed感到失望的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleased感到愉快的satisfied感到满意的,surprising令人惊异的worrying令人担心的tiring令人疲倦的boring令人厌烦的,surprised感到惊异的worried感到担心的tired感到疲倦的bored感到厌烦的,(3)作定语：过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成；现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。,Thepicturehangingonthewallispaintedbymynephew.,Thebuildingbeingbuiltisahospital.,Theflowerssmellingsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.,LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,knownas3M.,Thekeytosolvingtheproblemistomeetthedemandmadebythecustomers.,Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.,便于记忆-ed形式和-ing形式作表语及作定语时的区别的句子：,Iaminterestedintheinterestingbook.,Hewasexcitedattheexcitingnews.,Theparentsweredisappointedabouttheirdisappointingson.,Mr.Smith,tiredoftheboringspeech,startedtoreadanovel.,(4)作补语：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。,Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.,Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.,JustnowIcaughthimstealingthingsfromthesupermarket.,Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparentsworried.,NOTE:非谓语动词使用条件:一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,并非分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动词不定式也可以这样运用。常见的这种情况有：,Strictlyspeaking,smokingisnotallowedhere.Judgingfromwhathesaid,heisasoutherner.Takenasawhole,thereisnothingimportantinhisspeech.Totellyouthetruth,IdontlikeEnglishteacher.Tospeakfrankly,Idontagreewithyouaboutthecase.,动词-ed的逻辑主语,链接高考,1.“Things_nevercomeagain!”Icouldnthelptalkingtomyself.（2007湖南）A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.havelost,2.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless_everyday.（2007四川）A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater,3.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork，hegladlyacceptedit.（2007安徽）A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished,4.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_inhislectures.(2007江苏)A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.tointerest,5.Pleaseremain_untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.（2007山东）A.tosealB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seated,6.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（02全国）beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun,7._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.(05江苏卷)A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing,8._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.（05湖南卷）DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed9._time,hellmakeafist-classtennisplayer.（03北京）HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given,10.Therepairscostalot,butitsmoneywell.（05湖北卷）AtospendBspentCbeingspentDSpending11.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.（04重庆）worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry,12.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe_murderlastnight.（04江苏）advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted13.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_vacationtoChina.(05北京卷)PayingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid,14._intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.（05上海卷）PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput,15.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.（04广西）makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard,_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.（04湖北）ACompareBWhencomparingCComparingDWhencompared_bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(04辽宁)A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted,18.Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.（04全国II）A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced19.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(04上海）A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded,20.Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwonthavetimeto_beforetheparty.（04全国I）A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange21._andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.(2006全国)A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising,Consolidation,-Whatsthelanguage_inNewZealand?-English.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak2.Thecar_inGducedB.producingC.toproduceD.whichproduced,3.-Youdbetterhaveyoursportsjacket_.Itstoodirty.-Thanks.Iwill.towashB.washedC.washingD.wash4.YesterdayIheardastory_bymyfriend.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tell,5.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_astheplanewasmakingalanding.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating6._tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed,7.Generallyspeaking,when_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.takingB.takenC.totakeD.tobetaken8.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.havingbeenwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written,9.Isthisthewatchyouwish_?tohaverepairedB.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepaired10._manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ThoughhehadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold,Translation:,这扇朝南的窗户是破的。我们的班主任是一位受人爱戴的女性。我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄来的。,Thewindowfacingthesouthisbroken.Ourheadteacherisawomanlovedbyall.Theletterthatreachedmetodayisfrommybrother.,4.输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。5.从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很壮丽。6.那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。,Shelookeddisappointedaftershelostthegame.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookssignificant.Surroundedbyhisstudents,theprofessorsattherecheerfully.,Languagepoints,1.figureout:,tofinallyunderstandsth.orsb.,orfindthesolutiontoaproblemafteralotofthought:,+questionword,Icantfigureoutwhyhedidit.Canyoufigureouttheanswertoquestion5?,我不能理解他为什么做这件事.你能算出第五个问题的答案吗?,puzzle:v.I+adverborprep.;Ttofeelconfusedandslightlyworried,Thefindingsofthesurveypuzzleme.,调查的发现使我困惑.,+questionword,Itpuzzlesmewhyshesaidthat.,她为什么那样说使我很困惑.,n.,Sasituationwhichisdifficulttounderstand:Cagameortoyinwhichyouhavetofitseparatepiecestogether,oraproblemorquestionwhichyouhavetoanswerbyusingyourskillorknowledge:,Scientistshavebeentryingtosolvethispuzzleforyears.,多年来科学家门一直在尽力解开这一谜底.,acrosswordpuzzle,puzzledadjconfusedbecauseyoudonotunderstandsth.:,Hehadapuzzledlookonhisface.Imstillpuzzledastowhyshesaidthat.ImabitpuzzledthatIhaventheardfromTomforsolong.,他脸上有一丝感到困惑的表情.至于她为什么那样说我仍然感到困惑.我很久没有收到Tom的来信我感到困惑.,puzzlingadj.difficulttoexplainorunderstand:,Itsaratherpuzzlingfilm.apuzzlingsituation,3.cautious:,1)describessb.whoavoidsrisks:2)